TRADUÇÃO CULTURAL:
AJUSTES IDEOLÓGICOS E DE MODELO NA TRADUÇÃO DE LITERATURA INFANTIL
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v5.n3.2016.11403Mots-clés :
Tradução cultural, Literatura infantilRésumé
A presente tradução apresenta ao leitor brasileiro o mais recente dos trabalhos publicados em inglês da professora da Universidade de Tel-Aviv Zohar Shavit. Trata-se de pesquisa no campo da tradução cultural, com foco nas restrições sistêmicas que atuam sobre as normas e os processos tradutórios no sistema literário infantil. Shavit apresenta estudos de caso a partir de traduções, para o hebraico, de obras do alemão Joachim Heinrich Campe e da francesa Madame de Genlis durante o iluminismo judaico (Haskalá) e de Gulliver's Travels durante o século XX, identificando nas traduções ajustes ideológicos e de modelo para adequação à s restrições sistêmicas do sistema alvo.
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Références
Traduções de Joachim Heinrich Campe para o hebraico
Robinson der Jüngere
BLOCH, Eliezer/Shimon Ha-Chohen. Maase Robinson. Warsaw: Bomberg, 1849.
EDELMANN, Simcha. Sipur Robinson. Przemysl: Amkraut & Freund, 1872 [5672].
ERTER, Isaac. Robnison ha-ivri, sem data (perdido).
SAMOSTZ, David. Robinson der Jingeree. Ein Lesebuch für Kinder von Joachim Heinrich Campe. Ins Hebräisch übertragen von David Samostz. Breslau: Sulzbach, 1824 [5585].
Die Entdeckung von Amerika
BERNARD, Hermann [Hirsch Beer Hurwitz]: Giluy Ameriqa, 810 (não localizado).
GÜNZBURG, Mordechai Aaron. Sefer galot ha-aretz Ha-xadasha al yede Kristof Columbus. Xubar meet xacham gadol me xachme ashkenaz adon Campe ve neetak lilshon ha-qodesh tzach ve naki u be lashon qtzara le toe'let yalde bne amenu le lamdam le maher daber tzaxot. Vilna: Drukowac' C. Golan'ski 5583 [1823].
MENDELSSOHN-FRANKFURT, Moshe. Metziat ha-aretz ha-xadasha. Kolel kol ha gvurot ve ha-maasim asher naasu leet metzo ha-aretz ha-zot, le chol agapeha u mevinoteha, u mishpateha, va anasheha, lileshontam u mishpaxotam. Altona: Bonn Brüder Königliche privilegierte Buchdrucker, 5567 (1807).
MOHR, Avraham Mendel. Columbus, Hu sefer metziat eretz Ameriqa ze ke arba meot shana. Lemberg: Chava Grossman Druckerei, 1846.
SAMOTZ, David. Metziat Ameriqa. Breslau, 1824 [5584] (não localizado).
Merwürdige Reisebeschreibungen
GRAZOVSKI, Y. Yam ha-kerax. Yafo: Laam, 5672 [1912]. (Adotado por Y. Grazovski)
LEFIN, Mendel. Mas'ot ha-yam, hema maase Yah ve niflaotav asher rau yorde yamim bo oniyot Hollandia u-Ubritaniya. Neetku mi-sifre mas'ot he xacham Campe lisfat ever be lashon tzax ve kal le ma'an yarutz kol kore bo. Lemberg: Druck von D. H. Schrenzel, 5585,2 1825 [primeira edição: 5578, 1818].
N.N. [ligado a Lefins Mas'ot]: Oniya Soara. Wilna, 1825.
Theophron
ANAPLOSKI, Zvi Hirsch. Aviezer oh mochiax xacham. Ve hu ha'ataka xofshit mileshon ashkenaz mi-sefer ha Theophron, me ha-mexaber ha-nichbad Campe. Odessa: Nitsche & Zederbaum, 1863.
[como uma introdução] a AVIEZER. Anaploski, Zvi Hirsch: Si'ax Erev. Odessa: Zederbaum, 1863.
Sittenbücher für Kinder aus gesitteten Ständen
ANSCHELEWITZ, Ascher. Musar la-nearim. Odessa: Belinssohn, 1866.
NEIDVEIDEL, Elijahu. Av le banim. Warsaw: Kelter, 1882.
SAMOTZ, David. Tochexot musar. Divre xacham be-lashon ivri he'etakti/ melashon ashkenazi mishle Campe he'etakti/ le-toelet talmiday lintoa be-libam/ melitza, xochma u musar be odam be ibam. Breslau: Sulzbach, 1819.
SCHOENFELD, Baruch. Musar haskel. Praga: Landau Verlag, 1831 (uma segunda edição foi encomendada por D. Sassoon, "adequada ao uso de crianças orientais", Berlim, 1859).
Fontes primárias
CAMPE, Joachim Heinrich. Die Entdeckung von Amerika. Hamburg, Bd. 1 Kolumbus, 1781-82. Bd. 2 Kortes, 1782. Bd. 3 Pizarro, Tübingen, 1782.
N.N. Robinson the Younger. by Mr. Campe from the German. Hamburgo: Impresso para C. E. Bohn, 1781.
MENDELSSOHN-FRANKFURT, Moshe (Moisés). Metzi’at ha-aretz ha-chadasha. Kolel kol ha-gvurot ve-ha-ma’asim asher na’asu le-et metzo ba-aretz ha-zot, le-kol agapeha u-mevinoteha, u-mishpateha, va-anasheha li-leshonotam u-mishpcheotam. Altona: Gebr. Samuel u. Juda Bonn 1807 [5567].
HURWITZ, Haikel. Zafnat paaneax. Berdichev: Dfus Israel Beck, 1817. Segunda edição: Vilda, 1823-4.
GENLIS, Stéphanie Félicité, Condessa de. Les bergères de Madian; ou, La jeunesse de Moïse, poème en prose en six chants. Paris: Librairie français et étrangère de Galignani, 1812.
GENLIS, [Stéphanie Félicite du Crest de Saint-Aubin]; HELL, Theodor [d.i. WINKLER, Karl Gottlieb Theodor] (übers.): Die Hirtinnen von Midian oder Moseh's Jugend. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1814 (Genlis: Kleine Romane und Erzählungen. Bd.14, aus dem Französischen der Frau von Genlis von Theodor Hell).
GENLIS, Frau von. Ro'ot Midian o jaldut Moshe. Die Hirtinnen von Midjan oder Moses Jugend. Ins hebräische übersetz von David Samostz. Breslau: Hirsch Sulzbach, 1843 [5603].
SWIFT, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels. Cambridge, Mass: Riverside, 1960 [1726].
SWIFT, Jonathan. Masa Liliput. Traduzido por Pessah Ginzburg. Tel Aviv: Sreberk, 1950.
SWIFT, N.N.: Masa Guliver le-Liliput eretz Ha-Nanasim. Traduzido por A[vraham]. Kahana. Tel Aviv: Sinai, 1946.
N.N.: Massa Lilliput. Traduzido por Pesah Ginzburg. Tel Aviv: Sreberk, 1950.
SVIFT [Swift], Jonathan: Gulliver be-eretz ha-gamadim. Traduzido por Shlomo Skulski. Tel Aviv: El-Hamaayan, 1960.
SWIFT, Jonathan. Mas'ei Gulliver. Traduzido e adaptado por by Yaacov Niv. Ramat Gan: Massada, 1961.
SWIFT, Jonathan. Masot Gulliver (Um conto de fadas por Roberto Boregi [sic]). Traduzido por Yizhak Avnon. Tel Aviv: Mizrahi 1966.
SWIFT, Jonathan. Gulliver ”“ Masaav va-Alilotav. Traduzido por Shmuel Izraeli. Tel Aviv: Zelkowitz, 1970.
SWIFT, Jonathan. Gulliver be-artzot haplaot. Traduzido por Avraham Aryeh Yakubobic. Tel Aviv: Jizrael, 1976.
Fontes secundárias
ALTMAN, Alexander. Moses Mendelssohn: A Biographical Study. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1973.
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BARTAL, Israel. Mordechai Aaron Günzburg: A Lithuanian Maskil faces Modernity. In: MALINO, Frances; SORKIN, David (eds). From East and West. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990, p. 126-147.
CALMET, Augustin. Dictionnaire Historique, Critique, Chronologique, Géographique et Littéral de a Bible Enrichi d’un Grand Nombre de Figures en Taille-douce, qui Représentent les Antiquités Judaïques. Paris: A Paris: Chez Emery, père, Emery, fils… Saugrain, l’ainé ... Pierre Martin…, 1722¬-1728.
DE POORTERE, Machteld. The Philosophical and Literary Ideas of Mme de Staël and of Mme de Genlis. Trad. J. Lavash. Nova Iorque: P. Lang, 2007.
DIACONOFF, Suellen. Feminized Virtue. In: Papers on French Seventeenth Century 46, 1997, p. 121-136.
DOTTIN, Paul. Daniel De Foe et ses romans. Tome 2. Paris: Les presses Universitaires de France, 1924.
ECKERMANN, Johann Peter. Gespräche mit Goethe: in den letzten Jahren seines Lebens. Leipzig: Hesse & Becker, 1913 [1836-1848], S. 146.
ELIAV, Mordechai. Jewish Education in Germany in the Period of Enlightenment and Emancipation. Jerusalem: Jewish Agency/Leo Baeck Institute 1960 [hebraico].
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Papers in Historical Poetics. Tel Aviv: Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, 1978.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Interference in Dependent Literary Polysystems. In EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Papers in Historical Poetics. Tel Aviv: Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, 1978a, p. 54-62.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Translation Theory Today. In: Poetics Today 2, 1981, p. 1-7.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Polysystem Studies. Poetics Today, v. 11, n. 1. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. The Making of Culture Repertoire and the Role of Transfer. In: Target, v. 9., n. 2, 1997, p. 373-381.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar: The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem. In: TOURY, Gideon (org.): Translation Across Cultures. Nova Deli: Bahri Publications, 1998, p. 109-117.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. Culture Repertoire and Transfer. In: PETRILLI, Susan (org.). Translation Translation. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003, p. 425-431.
EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar. The Position of Translated Literature within the Literary Polysystem. In: WEISSBORT, Daniel; EYSTEINSSON, Astradur (eds). Translation: Theory and Practice: A Historical Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 429-434.
GOODMAN, Dena. Enlightenment Salons: The Convergence of Female and Philosophic Ambitions. In: Eighteenth-Century Studies, v. 22, n. 3, 1989, Special Issue: The French Revolution in Culture, p. 329-350.
HARMAND, Jean. Madame de Genlis: sa vie intime et politique (1746-1830) d'après des documents inédits. Paris: Librairie académique Perrin, 1912.
HERLITZ, Georg; KIRSCHNER, Bruno (org.). Jüdisches Lexikon. Frankfurt am Main: Jüdischer Verlag bei Athenäum, 1987 [1927].
KAYSERLING, Meyer. Moses Mendelssohn. Sein Leben und Wirken. 2a ed. Leipzig: Hermann Mendelssohn, 1888.
KLÜPFEL, Alois. Das Revisionwerk Campe's: ein Grundwerk der deutschen Aufkláˆrungspáˆdagogik. Kallmünz: Buchdruckerei von Michael Lassleben, 1934.
KRENICKY-ALBERT, Katja. Joachim Heinrich Campe: Robinson der Jüngere. eBook: Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Seminar: Einführung in die Theorie und Didaktik der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur, 2002.
MANN, W.E. Robinson Crusoé en France: étude sur l'influence de cette oeuvre dans la littérature française. Paris: A. Davy, 1916.
MEISEL, Josef. Haskalah. Geschichte der Aufklärungsbewegung unter den Juden in Russland. Berlim: C.A. Schwetschke, 1919.
NAUDIN, Marie. Stéphanie Félicité, comtesse de Genlis. In: SARTORI, Eva Martin; ZIMMERMAN, Dorothy Wynne (org.). French Women Writers. Nova Iorque, Westport, Connecticut, Londres: Greenwood Press, 1991, p. 178-187.
PLAGNOL-DIEVAL, Marie-Emmanuelle. Madame de Genlis et le théâtre d’éducation au XVIIIe siècle. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 1997.
RAYZN, Zalman. Campes "Entdeckung von Amerika" in Yiddish. In: Yivo Blätter, 5, 1933, p. 30-40.
SHAVIT, Yaacov; ERAN, Mordechai. The Hebrew Bible Reborn: From Holy Scripture to the Book of Books. Berlim: Walter de Gruyter, 2007.
SHAVIT, Zohar. Translation of Children’s Literature as a Function of its Position in the Literary Polysystem. In: Modern Realistic Stories for Children and Young People. Munich: 16th IBBY Congress, 1978, p. 180-187.
SHAVIT, Zohar. From Friedlaender’s Lesebuch to the Jewish Campe: The Beginning of Hebrew Children's Literature in Germany. In: Leo Baeck Year Book xxxiii, 1988, p. 393-423.
SHAVIT, Zohar. Translation of Children’s Literature as a Function of its Position in the Literary Polysystem. In: EVEN-ZOHAR, Itamar; TOURY, Gideon (org): Translation and Intercultural Relations. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute, 1991, p. 171-179.
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SHAVIT, Zohar. The Historical Model of the Development of Children’s Literature. In: NIKOLAJEVA, Maria (org.). Aspects and Issues in the History of Children’s Literature. Westport Connecticut, Londres: Greenwood Press, 1995, p. 27-38.
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