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Land use and land cover changes in São Paulo Macro Metropolis and implications for water resilience under climate change

Authors

  • Demerval Gonçalves Master in Science, PhD Student, Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-5845
  • Wilson Cabral Sousa Júnior PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Water Resources and Environment Department, Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-2410
  • Luciana de Resende Londe PhD in Remote Sensing, Scientific Researcher, CEMADEN, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6494-0486
  • Marcos Pellegrini Coutinho PhD in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-9098
  • Walter Manoel Mendes Filho Master in Science, PhD Student, Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6244-3729

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v12n2.2021.32146

Keywords:

São Paulo Macro Metropolis. Land use and land cover changes. Ecosystem services. Water supply.

Abstract

The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (MMP) is a geographical arrangement that brings together the most significant Brazilian socioeconomic figures and faces numerous challenges, such as heavy pressure on natural resources. Through compilation, spatialization and cross-referencing of data, this work assessed time series of land use and land cover of the last decades, the water supply status in an urban environment and climate data projection for MMP. Municipalities with different profiles were identified: those with positive final balances and those with negative final balances about the maintenance of their natural areas. Furthermore, more than half of the municipalities of the MMP have low water supply assurance, which can be aggravated due to climate change, as predicted in several climate models. The characterization of municipalities based on this information allowed identifying which of them are the most vulnerable, and these results indicate paths for coordinated actions at local and regional levels to increase water resilience in the macro-region.

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Author Biographies

Demerval Gonçalves, Master in Science, PhD Student, Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

Graduated in Computer Science from the Fundação Integrada Municipal de Ensino Superior (1997), Master in Science from the Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering Program at the Aeronautics Institute of Technology (2008) and a PhD student at Aeronautics Institute of Technology. Has experience in Geosciences, with an emphasis on remote sensing and geoprocessing, working mainly on the following topics: spatially explicit modelling, land use and land cover change, and decision support tools. He is a member of a group of applied research and integrated activities of research-operation and technological development of the CEMADEN (Brazilian Centre for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters).

Wilson Cabral Sousa Júnior, PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Water Resources and Environment Department, Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

Oceanographer, Master in Remote Sensing and PhD in Economics. He carried out postdoctoral research with the Institute of Energy and Environment of the University of São Paulo and the Sustainability Research Centre of the University of Sunshine Coast / Australia. He is currently Associate Professor at the Aeronautics Institute of Technology with experience in Water Resources Management and Environmental and Ecological Economics, working mainly on the following subjects: hydrological, environmental and ecological modeling, economic instruments of environmental management and environmental impact studies of infrastructure projects. He authored the book "Water Management in Brazil", among others.

Luciana de Resende Londe, PhD in Remote Sensing, Scientific Researcher, CEMADEN, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

Undergraduate Degree - Biological Sciences (UFU - Federal University of Uberlândia/Brazil, 1997), MSc. - Agricultural Engineering (UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas/Brazil, 2002) and Dr. - Remote Sensing (INPE - National Institute for Space Research/Brazil, 2008) with a "sandwich period" at the University of Edinburgh (UK). Scientific Researcher at CEMADEN (Brazilian Centre for Monitoring and Early Warnings of Disasters) since 2012. Coordinates the Institutional Program for undergraduate studentships at Cemaden.

Marcos Pellegrini Coutinho, PhD in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil

Bachelor's degree in Forest Engineering from the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Master's degree in Plant Production from the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (2003), and Ph.D. in Sustainable Production from the Postgraduate Program in Planning and Use of Renewable Resources (PPGPUR) of the Federal Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar, Sorocaba). He has carried out research activities at the National Centre for Monitoring and Warning of Natural Disasters - CEMADEN; worked in higher education at the State University of Goiás (UnU-Ipameri), developing teaching, research, and extension activities; and also worked at the Brazilian Ministry of Environment, analyzing projects for recovery of vegetation cover and sustainable management of natural resources (Cerrado, Caatinga, Amazon and Atlantic Forest biomes).

Walter Manoel Mendes Filho, Master in Science, PhD Student, Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering, Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

Undergraduate in Civil Engineering from the Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (2005) and Master’s Degree in Aeronautical Infrastructure Engineering from the Aeronautics Institute of Technology - ITA (2009). Experience in Civil Engineering, with emphasis on Hydrology and Water Resources, working mainly on the following topics: hydrological models, drainage systems, and urban water supply.

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2021-08-30

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Gonçalves, D., Sousa Júnior, W. C., Londe, L. de R., Coutinho, M. P., & Mendes Filho, W. M. . (2021). Land use and land cover changes in São Paulo Macro Metropolis and implications for water resilience under climate change. Sustainability in Debate, 12(2), 13–50. https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v12n2.2021.32146

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2021): Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate

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Articles - Varia

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