Uma nova proposta de indicadores de sustentabilidade na mineração
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v8n2.2017.21795Mots-clés :
Mineração, Sustentabilidade, Licença social de operação, Indicadores, Província Mineral de CarajásRésumé
A indústria mineral tem compromissos permanentes e inadiáveis com a sustentabilidade. O setor representa um rico campo de análise sobre o encontro entre as racionalidades econômica e ambiental. Justamente pela magnitude das escalas em que as mineradoras atuam e de seus impactos socioambientais, e por operarem sob pesadas pressões que incidem no mercado global de commodities, importa compreender essa evolução recente no setor. Em paralelo, é imperativo construir indicadores para monitorar a sustentabilidade em regiões que abrigam grandes minas. Este artigo discute os diversos aspectos do desenvolvimento sustentável e analisa as categorias propostas de indicadores de sustentabilidade na mineração, com base em literatura recente. A partir daí, propõe um conjunto de indicadores de sustentabilidade para a mineração industrial, nos eixos ambiental, econômico e social, com aderência a regiões tropicais, entre as quais a Província Mineral de Carajás, localizada na região sudeste do estado do Pará (Amazônia, Brasil).
Téléchargements
Références
AZAPAGIC, A. Developing a framework for sustainable development indicators for the mining and minerals industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2004, v. 12, n. 6, p. 639-662. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(03)00075-1>.
AZAPAGIC, A., PERDAN, S. Indicators of Sustainable Development for Industry. Process Safety Environmental Protection, 2000, v. 78, n. 4, p. 243-261. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758200530763>.
BEBBINGTON, A. J. Socio-environmental conflict: an opportunity for mining companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, v. 84, p. 34.
BOUTILLIER, R.; THOMSON, I. Modelling and measuring the social licence to operate: fruits of a dialogue between theory and practice. Queensland, Australia: International Mine Management, 2011.
BRASIL. Governo do Estado da Bahia. Centro de Recursos Ambientais ”“ CRA. Rumo a um Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Tradução de Ana Maria F. Teles. Salvador, Bahia: Série Cadernos de Referência Ambiental, 2002, v. 9.
BRERETON, D. Is the seeming paradox resolvable? Some reactions to Professor Hodge's paper. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, v. 84, n. 1, p. 37-38.
BRUNDTLAND, G. et al. Our common future (\'brundtland report\'). 1987.
CRUZ, T. L. A licença social de operação em Canaã dos Carajás como instrumento de sustentabilidade do projeto ferro Carajás S11D. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais em Regiões Tropicais). Belém: Instituto Tecnológico Vale. 2017.
ERNST & YOUNG GLOBAL LIMITED. Risks Facing Mining and Metals 2015-2016, London: 2016.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Measuring Progress towards a More Sustainable Europe: Proposed Indicators for Sustainable Development. Luxemburgo: Office for Official European Commission, 2005, p. 220.
FAUCHEUX, S.; NOËL, J-F. Economia dos Recursos Naturais e do Meio Ambiente. Lisboa: Instituto Piaget, 1995.
FREEMAN, R. E. Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman, 1984.
FRICKER, A. Measuring up to sustainability. Futures, 1998, v. 30, n. 4, p. 367-375. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(98)00041-X>.
GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE - GRI. Sustainability Reporting Guidelines. Boston: GRI, 2002.
HADDAD, P. R. Economia Peregrina. Belo Horizonte: Phorum, 2015.
HAMANN, R. Patient dialogue between mining companies and communities is tougher and scarcer than imagined: a response to Hodge. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, v. 84, p. 35-36.
HODGE, A. Mining company performance and community conflict: moving beyond a seeming paradox. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2014, v. 84, p. 27-33.
KERSBERGEN, K. van; WAARDEN, F. van. ‘Governance’ as a bridge between disciplines: cross" disciplinary inspiration regarding shifts in governance and problems of governability, accountability and legitimacy. European Journal of Political Research, v. 43, n. 2, p. 143-171, 2004.
LACEY, J. et al. The art and science of community relations: procedural fairness at Newmont’s Waihi Gold operations, New Zealand. Resources Policy, v. 52, p. 245-254. Disponível em: <doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.03.001>.
MARNIKA, E. et al. Sustainable development indicators for mining sites in protected areas: tool development, ranking and scoring of potential environmental impacts and assessment of management scenarios. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, v. 101, p. 59-70. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.098>.
MCALLISTER, M. L.; FITZPATRICK, P. J. Canadian mineral resource development: a sustainable enterprise? In: MITCHELL, B. (Ed.). Resource and Environmental Management in Canada: addressing conflict and uncertainty. Toronto, Ontario: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 356-381.
MITCHELL, G. Problems and fundamentals of sustainable development indicators. Sustainable Development, 1996, v. 4, p. 1-11.
MOFFAT, K.; ZHANG, A. The paths to social license to operate: an integrative model explaining community acceptance of mining. Resources Policy, 2014, v. 39, p. 61-70.
MOTA, J. A. O Valor da Natureza: economia e política dos recursos naturais. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, 2006.
MUELLER, C. C. Sugestões para a constituição de um sistema de indicadores urbanos para o Brasil. Brasília: Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada ”“ Ipea, 1999.
MUNASINGHE, M. Making development more sustainable: sustainomics framework and practical applications. Munasinghe Institute for Development, 2010.
NATIONAL ROUND TABLE ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE ECONOMY- NRTEE. Canada’s National Environmental Indicators Series. Ontario, Canada: National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication, 2003.
NAVARRO TORRES, V. F., et al. Relatório científico do projeto: quantificação da sustentabilidade ambiental de lavra de minas a céu aberto. Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais: Instituto Tecnológico Vale Mineração, 2015, v. 105.
NELSEN, J. L. Social licence to operate. Int. J. Min. Reclam. Environ. 2006, v. 20, p. 161-162.
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT. Core Set of Indicators for Environmental Performance Reviews: a synthesis report by the group on the state of the environment. Paris: OECD, 1993.
PERMAN, R. et al. Natural Resource & Environmental Economics. New York: Longman Publishing, 1996.
PETKOVA, V. et al. Mining developments and social impacts on communities: Bown Basin case studies. Rural Sociology, 2009, v. 19, n. 3, p. 211-228.
POVEDA, C. A. A methodology for pre-selecting sustainable development indicators (SDIs) with application to surface mining operations. WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, 2015, v. 181, on-line. 10.2495/EID140441, 2014.
PRNO, J.; SLOCOMBE, D. Exploring the origins of social license to operate in the mining sector: perspectives from governance and sustainability theories. Resources Policy, 2012, v. 37, n. 3, p. 346-357.
PRNO, J. An analysis of factors leading to the establishment of a social license to operate in the mining industry. Resources Policy, 2013, v. 38, n. 4, p. 577-590.
PRNO, J.; SLOCOMBE. D. A Systems-Based Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Determinants of a Social License to Operate in the Mining Industry. Environmental management, 2014, v. 53, n. 3, p. 672-689.
SACHS, I. Estratégias de transição para o século XXI. In: BURSZTYN, M. Para Pensar o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1993.
______. Desenvolvimento numa economia mundial liberalizada e globalizante: um desafio impossível. Estudos Avançados, 1997, v. 11, n. 30, p. 213-242.
SÖDERHOLM, P. SYAHN, N. Mining, regional development and benefit-sharing in developed countries. Resources Policy, 2015, v. 45, p. 78-91.
STANNERS, D.; BOURDEAU, Ph. Europe’s Environment (The Dobris Report). European Environmental Agency. Brussels, 1995.
STARKE, L. (Ed.). Breaking New Ground: mining, minerals and sustaintainable development: the MMSD Project of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). Earthscan, 2002.
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME. Report of the International expert meeting on information for decision making and participation. Canada, 2000.
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME. Human Development Report 2015: Work for Human Development. New York: UNPD, 2015.
VALE, S.A. Plano Básico Ambiental ”“ PBA do Projeto Ferro Carajás S11D. Canaã dos Carajás-PA: Vale, 2012.
VALE, S.A. Relatório de Sustentabilidade 2014. Rio de Janeiro: Vale, 2015.
VALE, S.A. Relatório de Sustentabilidade 2015. Rio de Janeiro: Vale, 2016.
VAN ZYL, D. et al. Mining for the Future: Main Report. London: MMSD, 2000, p. 31.
WARHURST, A. Sustainability Indicators and Sustainability Performance Management. London: Institute for Environment and Development ”“ IIED, 2002, p. 129.
WORRALL, R. et al. Towards a sustainability criteria and indicators framework for legacy mine land. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009, v. 17, p. 1426-1434. Disponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.04.013>.
Téléchargements
Publié-e
Comment citer
Numéro
Rubrique
Licence
SUSTAINABILITY IN DEBATE – Copyright Statement
The submission of original scientific work(s) by the authors, as the copyright holders of the text(s) sent to the journal, under the terms of Law 9.610/98, implies in the concession of copyrights of printed and/or digital publication to the Sustainability in Debate Journal of the article(s) approved for publication purposes, in a single issue of the journal. Furthermore, approved scientific work(s) will be released without any charge, or any kind of copyright reimbursement, through the journal’s website, for reading, printing and/or downloading of the text file, from the date of acceptance for publication purposes. Therefore, the authors, when submitting the article (s) to the journal, and gratuitous assignment of copyrights related to the submitted scientific work, are fully aware that they will not be remunerated for the publication of the article(s) in the journal.
The Sustainability in Debate Journal is licensed under Creative Commons License – Non-Commercial-No-Derivation Attribution (Derivative Work Ban) 3.0 Brazil, aiming at dissemination of scientific knowledge, as indicated on the journal's website, which allows the text to be shared, and be recognized in regards to its authorship and original publication in this journal.
Authors are allowed to sign additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the works published in the Sustainability in Debate Journal (for example, in a book chapter), provided that it is expressed the texts were originally published in this journal. Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their text online, following publication in Sustainability in Debate (e.g. in institutional repositories or their personal pages). The authors expressly agree to the terms of this Copyright Statement, which will be applied following the submission and publishing by this journal.
