Antropocentrismo, antropoceno, evolución
una nueva epistemología del riesgo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/dasquestoes.v8i1.31110Palabras clave:
epistemología, teoría social del riesgo, antropocentrismo, Antropoceno, evoluciónResumen
En este trabajo relevo algunos conceptos particulares que se desarrollaron en distintos campos disciplinares desde fines del siglo XX y principios del siglo XXI, y los coloco en diálogo con la epistemología, para sostener que se puede tematizar una “epistemología del riesgo” con elementos actuales. Así, una serie de nuevos términos fueron generados en diversas áreas científicas y filosóficas desde la década de 1970 hasta el presente para dar cuenta conceptualmente de algunas de las problemáticas propias de nuestra época. Entre ellas podemos encontrar: antropoceno, ecocidio, biocidio, geocidio, defaunación, americanización del mundo, sexta extinción masiva de especies, polución espacial, catástrofes de lesa ambientalidad e impacto antrópico. Estos a su vez, pueden vincularse con la clásica idea de sociedad del miedo. Es posible afirmar que tales términos configuran un panorama epistemológico relativamente reciente y problemático, que se complejiza aún más incorporando el nivel de análisis macro que proporciona la teoría de la (co)evolución biológica. Propongo, entonces, que este panorama puede ser entendido como una nueva epistemología del riesgo antrópico.
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LEITE LOPES, J. S. Sobre processos de "ambientalização" dos conflitos e sobre dilemas da participação. Horizontes antropológicos, 2006, Vol.12, Num. 25, pp. 31-64.
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MARSHALL, Alan. Ethics and the extraterrestrial environment. Journal of applied
philosophy, 1993, Vol. 10, Num. 2, pp. 227-236.
MARSHALL, Eliot. Space junk grows with weapons tests. Science, 1985, vol. 230, p. 425-
427.
MARTINI, E. A. Agent Orange: History, science, and the politics of uncertainty. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
MISA, T. J., & ELBAZ, S. W. Technological Risk and Society: The Interdisciplinary Literature'. Research in Philosophy and Technology, 1991, Vol. 11, pp. 301.
MOL, A. P., & SPAARGAREN, G. Environment, modernity and the risk-society: the apocalyptic horizon of environmental reform. International sociology, 1993, Vol. 8, Num. 4, pp. 431-459.
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PÉREZ-MÉNDEZ, N., et al. The signatures of Anthropocene defaunation: cascading effects of the seed dispersal collapse. Sci Rep, 2016, 6, 24820.
PULEO, Alicia. Claves ecofeministas, Madrid: Plaza y Valdés, 2019.
RAND, Lisa. Orbital decay: Space junk and the environmental history of Earth's planetary borderlands, University of Pennsylvania, 2016. Dissertations available from ProQuest: https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10191526
SCHAEFFER, JEAN-MARIE. El fin de la excepción humana, Buenos Aires: FCE, 2009. SENENT-JOSA, J. Biocidio en Vietnam. Revista Triunfo, 1972, Num.: 490 Año: XXVI
12-15.
SHIBATA, S. The Vietnam War and Revolution in Advanced Countries. In Proceedings of the
XVth World Congress of Philosophy, 1975, Vol. 6, pp. 773-779.
SEDDON,P. J., et.al., Reversing defaunation: Restoring species in a changing world.
SCIENCE 25, 2014, Jul. 406-412.
SHOREMAN-OUIMET, E., & KOPNINA, H. Culture and conservation: Beyond
anthropocentrism. New York: Routledge, 2015.
TABÍO, F., & CORONA, E. La doctrina criminal de la vietnamización. Nixon convicto de los delitos de genocidio, ecocidio y biocidio. Revista Cubana de Derecho, 1972, 161-177.
WEISBERG, B. Ecocide in Indochina: the ecology of war. San Francisco, CA: Canfield Press, 1970.
YOUNG, H. et.al., 2016. Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol. 47, pp. 333-358.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. (eds.) The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit. A Guide to the Scientific Evidence and Current Debate. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. Working Group on the ‘Anthropocene’, 2020.
http://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/working-groups/anthropocene/
ZIERLER, D. The invention of ecocide: Agent Orange, Vietnam, and the scientists who changed the way we think about the environment. University of Georgia Press, 2011.
ALBERRO, Heather. ‘Valuing Life Itself’: On Radical Environmental Activists’ Post- Anthropocentric Worldviews. Environmental Values, 2020.
ANGENOT, Marc. El discurso social. Los límites históricos de lo pensable y lo decible. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2010.
ANZOÁTEGUI, Micaela. El problema de la condición de persona aplicada a animales no- humanos: antropocentrismo especista, subjetivdiad y derecho. La Plata: Memoria Académica UNLP, 2015.
Disponible en: http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/perfiles/0060AnzoateguiM.html
ANZOÁTEGUI, M.; CARRERA AIZPITARTE, L. y DOMÍNGUEZ, A. Hacia un nuevo paradigma no antropocéntrico, cambios en la relación hombre-animal-naturaleza en el pensamiento contemporáneo. Actas del XVII° Congreso Nacional de la Asociación Filosófica de la República Argentina, Santa Fé, 2015.
ANDRADE, M. I. y ANZOÁTEGUI, M. Crisis ambiental y sociedad de riesgo: Algunos lineamientos para pensar la vulnerabilidad socio ambiental. I Jornadas de Geografía de la UNLP, 17 al 19 de octubre de 2018, La Plata, Argentina. En: [Actas] Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Departamento de Geografía, 2018.
BERAT, Lynn. Defending the right to a healthy environment: Toward a crime of genocide in international law, Boston University International Law Journal, 1993, Vol. 11, pp. 327-348.
BURTYNSKY, Edward, enEva Millet, “Postales del antropoceno”, Magazine, 2019. http://www.magazinedigital.com/historias/reportajes/postales-antropoceno
BURTYNSKY, Edward (2019), The Anthropocene Proyect https://www.edwardburtynsky.com/projects/the-anthropocene-project
BUTCHVAROV, Panayot. Anthropocentrism in Philosophy: realism, antirealism, semirealism. Boston: de Gruyter, 2015.
BRAIDOTTI, R. Post-anthropocentrism: Life beyond the species. The posthuman, 2013, pp. 55-104.
CHERSON, Adam. Geocide: placating humanity's environmental demons. Indiana: iUniverse, 2008.
CHERSON, Adam. Ecocide: Environmental Gloom and Doom Explained in Everyday Language, New York: Greencore, 2009. Segunda edición revisada de Geocide: placating humanity's environmental demons, 2008.
CROWTHER, Richard. Space junk protecting space for future generations, Science, 2002, Vol. 296, Num. 5571, pp. 1241-1242.
CRUTZEN, P. & STOERMER, E., “The 'Anthropocene'”, Global Change, 2000, 41, pp. 17- 18.
DAVEY, Melissa. ‘We've left junk everywhere’: why space pollution could be humanity next problem, The Guardian, Sat. 25 Mar. 2017. Disponible en: https://web.archive.org/web/20191108174731/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/ma r/26/weve-left-junk-everywhere-why-space-pollution-could-be-humanitys-next-big-problem
DIRZO, R., et. al., Defaunation in the Anthropocene, Science, 2014 Jul., pp. 401-406. ELDREDGE, N. The sixth extinction. Action Bioscience.org original article. American
Institute of Biological Sciences, 2001.
ELDREDGE, N. Cretaceous meteor showers, the human ecological “niche” and the sixth
extinction. En MacPhee, et. al. (eds.), Extinctions in near time, Boston: Springer, 1999.
FERRANDO, Francesca (2016). The party of the Anthopocene. Relations 2016, Vol. 4, Num, 2, pp. 159-173.
FERRARI, H. R. y ANZOÁTEGUI, M. (2019). Apuntes para un post-especismo: más allá (ya no) hay monstruos. Ludus Vitalis, 2019, Vol. 27, Num.51, pp. 83-98.
GAUGER ANJA, et. al. Ecocide Project ‘Ecocide is the missing 5th Crime Against Peace’, London: University of London, 2012.
GEORGE, Susan, Committing geocide: climate change and corporate capture, Conferencia de cierre Seminar of the International Centre for the promotion of Human Rights [CIPDH] and Unesco titled "Interreligious and inter cultural dialogue: consciences and climate change" (Buenos Aires 1-2 September, 2016). Disponible en: https://www.tni.org/en/article/committing-geocide-climate-change-and-corporate-capture
FADIMAN, C. & WHITE J., Ecocide. And Thougts Toward Survival. Santa Barbara, CA:
Antropocentrismo, antropoceno, evolución
Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, 1971.
HERNÁNDEZ AJA, A.; PULEO A., et. al. Claves del ecologismo social. Madrid: Libros en Acción, 2009.
HIGGINS, P. Eradicating Ecocide 2nd edition: Laws and Governance to Stop the Destruction of the Planet, London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 2012.
JACOBS, Benjamin. Debris Mitigation Certification and the Commercial Space Industry: A New Weapon in the Fight against Space Pollution, Media Law & Policy 117 2011-2013.
KROTH, J. Ecocide: Why radical interventions are needed now to stop climate apocalypse, 2020 (edición de autor).
KOLBERT, E. The sixth extinction: An unnatural history. A&C Black, 2014.
LEAKEY, Richard y LEWIN, Roger. La sexta extinción, el futuro de la vida y el planeta, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1998.
LEITE LOPES, J. S. Sobre processos de "ambientalização" dos conflitos e sobre dilemas da participação. Horizontes antropológicos, 2006, Vol.12, Num. 25, pp. 31-64.
LESTEL, Dominique. Hacer las paces con el animal. Buenos Aires: QualQuelle, 2018. LOOMIS, Ilima. Air Force turns a keen eye on space junk, Science, 2015, Vol. 347, Num.,
6218, p. 115.
MARSHALL, Alan. Ethics and the extraterrestrial environment. Journal of applied
philosophy, 1993, Vol. 10, Num. 2, pp. 227-236.
MARSHALL, Eliot. Space junk grows with weapons tests. Science, 1985, vol. 230, p. 425-
427.
MARTINI, E. A. Agent Orange: History, science, and the politics of uncertainty. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
MISA, T. J., & ELBAZ, S. W. Technological Risk and Society: The Interdisciplinary Literature'. Research in Philosophy and Technology, 1991, Vol. 11, pp. 301.
MOL, A. P., & SPAARGAREN, G. Environment, modernity and the risk-society: the apocalyptic horizon of environmental reform. International sociology, 1993, Vol. 8, Num. 4, pp. 431-459.
NEIRA, H.; RUSSO, L. Y ALVAREZ SUBIABRE, B. Ecocidio. Revista de Filosofía, 2019, 76, pp. 127-148.
OBERHUBER, Theo. Biodiversidad: tirando piedras contra nuestro propio tejado y Biodiversidad:elemeto central de un nuevo paradigma, en Hernadez Aja, A. y Puleo A., et. al., Claves del ecologismo social, Libros en Acción, Madrid, 2009.
PÉREZ-MÉNDEZ, N., et al. The signatures of Anthropocene defaunation: cascading effects of the seed dispersal collapse. Sci Rep, 2016, 6, 24820.
PULEO, Alicia. Claves ecofeministas, Madrid: Plaza y Valdés, 2019.
RAND, Lisa. Orbital decay: Space junk and the environmental history of Earth's planetary borderlands, University of Pennsylvania, 2016. Dissertations available from ProQuest: https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10191526
SCHAEFFER, JEAN-MARIE. El fin de la excepción humana, Buenos Aires: FCE, 2009. SENENT-JOSA, J. Biocidio en Vietnam. Revista Triunfo, 1972, Num.: 490 Año: XXVI
12-15.
SHIBATA, S. The Vietnam War and Revolution in Advanced Countries. In Proceedings of the
XVth World Congress of Philosophy, 1975, Vol. 6, pp. 773-779.
SEDDON,P. J., et.al., Reversing defaunation: Restoring species in a changing world.
SCIENCE 25, 2014, Jul. 406-412.
SHOREMAN-OUIMET, E., & KOPNINA, H. Culture and conservation: Beyond
anthropocentrism. New York: Routledge, 2015.
TABÍO, F., & CORONA, E. La doctrina criminal de la vietnamización. Nixon convicto de los delitos de genocidio, ecocidio y biocidio. Revista Cubana de Derecho, 1972, 161-177.
WEISBERG, B. Ecocide in Indochina: the ecology of war. San Francisco, CA: Canfield Press, 1970.
YOUNG, H. et.al., 2016. Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol. 47, pp. 333-358.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. (eds.) The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit. A Guide to the Scientific Evidence and Current Debate. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. Working Group on the ‘Anthropocene’, 2020.
http://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/working-groups/anthropocene/
ZIERLER, D. The invention of ecocide: Agent Orange, Vietnam, and the scientists who changed the way we think about the environment. University of Georgia Press, 2011.
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Publicado
2020-04-21
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ANZOÁTEGUI, Micaela. Antropocentrismo, antropoceno, evolución: una nueva epistemología del riesgo. Das Questões, [S. l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 2–21, 2020. DOI: 10.26512/dasquestoes.v8i1.31110. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/dasquestoes/article/view/31110. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.
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