Aceleração e decrescimento de uma leitura comparativa sobre desenvolvimento tecnológico ao comunismo verde totalmente automatizado
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Este estudo investiga como o degrowth e o Aceleracionismo abordam o desenvolvimento tecnológico nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, ambos emergindo como respostas críticas à ordem neoliberal. Ancorado na economia ecológica e na ecologia política, o degrowth defende a redução deliberada da produção e do consumo, de modo a respeitar os limites planetários e promover o bem-estar social, desafiando o imperativo de crescimento incessante da ordem capitalista. De outro lado, o Aceleracionismo busca mobilizar e reorientar o progresso tecnológico como ferramenta estratégica para superar as restrições estruturais impostas pelo capitalismo tardio e pelas políticas de austeridade neoliberais. A partir de uma análise comparativa de textos fundamentais, o artigo identifica que o degrowth compreende a tecnologia como meio de desacelerar o metabolismo social – priorizando inovações de baixo impacto, descentralizadas, baseadas em bens comuns e orientadas ao compartilhamento – em oposição direta à mercantilização neoliberal da tecnologia. Já o Aceleracionismo concebe a infraestrutura tecnológica como alavanca crucial para a ruptura sistêmica em direção a um horizonte pós-trabalho e de pós-escassez através da aceleração de dinâmicas sócio-históricos. Apesar das divergências significativas, ambas as correntes situam a tecnologia como elemento central na transformação pós-capitalista e rejeitam de forma contundente sua atual subordinação aos imperativos do mercado. O estudo conclui explorando o potencial de uma abordagem híbrida, que combine a crítica ecológica e social do degrowth ao neoliberalismo com a agência tecnológica transformadora do Aceleracionismo, propondo uma visão de futuros tecno-sociais sustentáveis, justos e radicalmente novos para além do paradigma capitalista-neoliberal.
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