Antropocentrismo, antropoceno, evolución
una nueva epistemología del riesgo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/dasquestoes.v8i1.31110Palavras-chave:
epistemologia, teoria social do risco, antropocentrismo, Antropoceno, evoluçãoResumo
Neste artigo apresento alguns conceitos particulares que foram desenvolvidos em diferentes campos disciplinares desde o final do século XX e o início do século XXI, e os coloco em diálogo com a epistemologia, para argumentar que uma “epistemologia de risco” com elementos atuais pode ser tematizada. Assim, uma série de novos termos foi gerada em várias áreas científicas e filosóficas desde os anos 70 até ao presente, a fim de dar uma descrição conceptual de alguns dos problemas do nosso tempo. Entre eles podemos encontrar: antropoceno, ecocídio, biocida, geocídio, defaunação, americanização do mundo, sexta extinção em massa de espécies, poluição espacial, catástrofes de ambientalismo nocivo e impacto antrópico. Estes, por sua vez, podem estar ligados à ideia clássica da sociedade do medo. É possível afirmar que tais termos configuram um panorama epistemológico relativamente recente e problemático, que se torna ainda mais complexo incorporando o nível de análise macro proporcionado pela teoria da (co)evolução biológica. Proponho, então, que este panorama possa ser entendido como uma nova epistemologia de risco antrópico.
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Referências
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BERAT, Lynn. Defending the right to a healthy environment: Toward a crime of genocide in international law, Boston University International Law Journal, 1993, Vol. 11, pp. 327-348.
BURTYNSKY, Edward, enEva Millet, “Postales del antropoceno”, Magazine, 2019. http://www.magazinedigital.com/historias/reportajes/postales-antropoceno
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BUTCHVAROV, Panayot. Anthropocentrism in Philosophy: realism, antirealism, semirealism. Boston: de Gruyter, 2015.
BRAIDOTTI, R. Post-anthropocentrism: Life beyond the species. The posthuman, 2013, pp. 55-104.
CHERSON, Adam. Geocide: placating humanity's environmental demons. Indiana: iUniverse, 2008.
CHERSON, Adam. Ecocide: Environmental Gloom and Doom Explained in Everyday Language, New York: Greencore, 2009. Segunda edición revisada de Geocide: placating humanity's environmental demons, 2008.
CROWTHER, Richard. Space junk protecting space for future generations, Science, 2002, Vol. 296, Num. 5571, pp. 1241-1242.
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Institute of Biological Sciences, 2001.
ELDREDGE, N. Cretaceous meteor showers, the human ecological “niche” and the sixth
extinction. En MacPhee, et. al. (eds.), Extinctions in near time, Boston: Springer, 1999.
FERRANDO, Francesca (2016). The party of the Anthopocene. Relations 2016, Vol. 4, Num, 2, pp. 159-173.
FERRARI, H. R. y ANZOÁTEGUI, M. (2019). Apuntes para un post-especismo: más allá (ya no) hay monstruos. Ludus Vitalis, 2019, Vol. 27, Num.51, pp. 83-98.
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HERNÁNDEZ AJA, A.; PULEO A., et. al. Claves del ecologismo social. Madrid: Libros en Acción, 2009.
HIGGINS, P. Eradicating Ecocide 2nd edition: Laws and Governance to Stop the Destruction of the Planet, London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 2012.
JACOBS, Benjamin. Debris Mitigation Certification and the Commercial Space Industry: A New Weapon in the Fight against Space Pollution, Media Law & Policy 117 2011-2013.
KROTH, J. Ecocide: Why radical interventions are needed now to stop climate apocalypse, 2020 (edición de autor).
KOLBERT, E. The sixth extinction: An unnatural history. A&C Black, 2014.
LEAKEY, Richard y LEWIN, Roger. La sexta extinción, el futuro de la vida y el planeta, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1998.
LEITE LOPES, J. S. Sobre processos de "ambientalização" dos conflitos e sobre dilemas da participação. Horizontes antropológicos, 2006, Vol.12, Num. 25, pp. 31-64.
LESTEL, Dominique. Hacer las paces con el animal. Buenos Aires: QualQuelle, 2018. LOOMIS, Ilima. Air Force turns a keen eye on space junk, Science, 2015, Vol. 347, Num.,
6218, p. 115.
MARSHALL, Alan. Ethics and the extraterrestrial environment. Journal of applied
philosophy, 1993, Vol. 10, Num. 2, pp. 227-236.
MARSHALL, Eliot. Space junk grows with weapons tests. Science, 1985, vol. 230, p. 425-
427.
MARTINI, E. A. Agent Orange: History, science, and the politics of uncertainty. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
MISA, T. J., & ELBAZ, S. W. Technological Risk and Society: The Interdisciplinary Literature'. Research in Philosophy and Technology, 1991, Vol. 11, pp. 301.
MOL, A. P., & SPAARGAREN, G. Environment, modernity and the risk-society: the apocalyptic horizon of environmental reform. International sociology, 1993, Vol. 8, Num. 4, pp. 431-459.
NEIRA, H.; RUSSO, L. Y ALVAREZ SUBIABRE, B. Ecocidio. Revista de Filosofía, 2019, 76, pp. 127-148.
OBERHUBER, Theo. Biodiversidad: tirando piedras contra nuestro propio tejado y Biodiversidad:elemeto central de un nuevo paradigma, en Hernadez Aja, A. y Puleo A., et. al., Claves del ecologismo social, Libros en Acción, Madrid, 2009.
PÉREZ-MÉNDEZ, N., et al. The signatures of Anthropocene defaunation: cascading effects of the seed dispersal collapse. Sci Rep, 2016, 6, 24820.
PULEO, Alicia. Claves ecofeministas, Madrid: Plaza y Valdés, 2019.
RAND, Lisa. Orbital decay: Space junk and the environmental history of Earth's planetary borderlands, University of Pennsylvania, 2016. Dissertations available from ProQuest: https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10191526
SCHAEFFER, JEAN-MARIE. El fin de la excepción humana, Buenos Aires: FCE, 2009. SENENT-JOSA, J. Biocidio en Vietnam. Revista Triunfo, 1972, Num.: 490 Año: XXVI
12-15.
SHIBATA, S. The Vietnam War and Revolution in Advanced Countries. In Proceedings of the
XVth World Congress of Philosophy, 1975, Vol. 6, pp. 773-779.
SEDDON,P. J., et.al., Reversing defaunation: Restoring species in a changing world.
SCIENCE 25, 2014, Jul. 406-412.
SHOREMAN-OUIMET, E., & KOPNINA, H. Culture and conservation: Beyond
anthropocentrism. New York: Routledge, 2015.
TABÍO, F., & CORONA, E. La doctrina criminal de la vietnamización. Nixon convicto de los delitos de genocidio, ecocidio y biocidio. Revista Cubana de Derecho, 1972, 161-177.
WEISBERG, B. Ecocide in Indochina: the ecology of war. San Francisco, CA: Canfield Press, 1970.
YOUNG, H. et.al., 2016. Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol. 47, pp. 333-358.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. (eds.) The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit. A Guide to the Scientific Evidence and Current Debate. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. Working Group on the ‘Anthropocene’, 2020.
http://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/working-groups/anthropocene/
ZIERLER, D. The invention of ecocide: Agent Orange, Vietnam, and the scientists who changed the way we think about the environment. University of Georgia Press, 2011.
ALBERRO, Heather. ‘Valuing Life Itself’: On Radical Environmental Activists’ Post- Anthropocentric Worldviews. Environmental Values, 2020.
ANGENOT, Marc. El discurso social. Los límites históricos de lo pensable y lo decible. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2010.
ANZOÁTEGUI, Micaela. El problema de la condición de persona aplicada a animales no- humanos: antropocentrismo especista, subjetivdiad y derecho. La Plata: Memoria Académica UNLP, 2015.
Disponible en: http://www.memoria.fahce.unlp.edu.ar/perfiles/0060AnzoateguiM.html
ANZOÁTEGUI, M.; CARRERA AIZPITARTE, L. y DOMÍNGUEZ, A. Hacia un nuevo paradigma no antropocéntrico, cambios en la relación hombre-animal-naturaleza en el pensamiento contemporáneo. Actas del XVII° Congreso Nacional de la Asociación Filosófica de la República Argentina, Santa Fé, 2015.
ANDRADE, M. I. y ANZOÁTEGUI, M. Crisis ambiental y sociedad de riesgo: Algunos lineamientos para pensar la vulnerabilidad socio ambiental. I Jornadas de Geografía de la UNLP, 17 al 19 de octubre de 2018, La Plata, Argentina. En: [Actas] Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Departamento de Geografía, 2018.
BERAT, Lynn. Defending the right to a healthy environment: Toward a crime of genocide in international law, Boston University International Law Journal, 1993, Vol. 11, pp. 327-348.
BURTYNSKY, Edward, enEva Millet, “Postales del antropoceno”, Magazine, 2019. http://www.magazinedigital.com/historias/reportajes/postales-antropoceno
BURTYNSKY, Edward (2019), The Anthropocene Proyect https://www.edwardburtynsky.com/projects/the-anthropocene-project
BUTCHVAROV, Panayot. Anthropocentrism in Philosophy: realism, antirealism, semirealism. Boston: de Gruyter, 2015.
BRAIDOTTI, R. Post-anthropocentrism: Life beyond the species. The posthuman, 2013, pp. 55-104.
CHERSON, Adam. Geocide: placating humanity's environmental demons. Indiana: iUniverse, 2008.
CHERSON, Adam. Ecocide: Environmental Gloom and Doom Explained in Everyday Language, New York: Greencore, 2009. Segunda edición revisada de Geocide: placating humanity's environmental demons, 2008.
CROWTHER, Richard. Space junk protecting space for future generations, Science, 2002, Vol. 296, Num. 5571, pp. 1241-1242.
CRUTZEN, P. & STOERMER, E., “The 'Anthropocene'”, Global Change, 2000, 41, pp. 17- 18.
DAVEY, Melissa. ‘We've left junk everywhere’: why space pollution could be humanity next problem, The Guardian, Sat. 25 Mar. 2017. Disponible en: https://web.archive.org/web/20191108174731/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/ma r/26/weve-left-junk-everywhere-why-space-pollution-could-be-humanitys-next-big-problem
DIRZO, R., et. al., Defaunation in the Anthropocene, Science, 2014 Jul., pp. 401-406. ELDREDGE, N. The sixth extinction. Action Bioscience.org original article. American
Institute of Biological Sciences, 2001.
ELDREDGE, N. Cretaceous meteor showers, the human ecological “niche” and the sixth
extinction. En MacPhee, et. al. (eds.), Extinctions in near time, Boston: Springer, 1999.
FERRANDO, Francesca (2016). The party of the Anthopocene. Relations 2016, Vol. 4, Num, 2, pp. 159-173.
FERRARI, H. R. y ANZOÁTEGUI, M. (2019). Apuntes para un post-especismo: más allá (ya no) hay monstruos. Ludus Vitalis, 2019, Vol. 27, Num.51, pp. 83-98.
GAUGER ANJA, et. al. Ecocide Project ‘Ecocide is the missing 5th Crime Against Peace’, London: University of London, 2012.
GEORGE, Susan, Committing geocide: climate change and corporate capture, Conferencia de cierre Seminar of the International Centre for the promotion of Human Rights [CIPDH] and Unesco titled "Interreligious and inter cultural dialogue: consciences and climate change" (Buenos Aires 1-2 September, 2016). Disponible en: https://www.tni.org/en/article/committing-geocide-climate-change-and-corporate-capture
FADIMAN, C. & WHITE J., Ecocide. And Thougts Toward Survival. Santa Barbara, CA:
Antropocentrismo, antropoceno, evolución
Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, 1971.
HERNÁNDEZ AJA, A.; PULEO A., et. al. Claves del ecologismo social. Madrid: Libros en Acción, 2009.
HIGGINS, P. Eradicating Ecocide 2nd edition: Laws and Governance to Stop the Destruction of the Planet, London: Shepheard-Walwyn, 2012.
JACOBS, Benjamin. Debris Mitigation Certification and the Commercial Space Industry: A New Weapon in the Fight against Space Pollution, Media Law & Policy 117 2011-2013.
KROTH, J. Ecocide: Why radical interventions are needed now to stop climate apocalypse, 2020 (edición de autor).
KOLBERT, E. The sixth extinction: An unnatural history. A&C Black, 2014.
LEAKEY, Richard y LEWIN, Roger. La sexta extinción, el futuro de la vida y el planeta, Barcelona: Tusquets, 1998.
LEITE LOPES, J. S. Sobre processos de "ambientalização" dos conflitos e sobre dilemas da participação. Horizontes antropológicos, 2006, Vol.12, Num. 25, pp. 31-64.
LESTEL, Dominique. Hacer las paces con el animal. Buenos Aires: QualQuelle, 2018. LOOMIS, Ilima. Air Force turns a keen eye on space junk, Science, 2015, Vol. 347, Num.,
6218, p. 115.
MARSHALL, Alan. Ethics and the extraterrestrial environment. Journal of applied
philosophy, 1993, Vol. 10, Num. 2, pp. 227-236.
MARSHALL, Eliot. Space junk grows with weapons tests. Science, 1985, vol. 230, p. 425-
427.
MARTINI, E. A. Agent Orange: History, science, and the politics of uncertainty. University of Massachusetts Press, 2012.
MISA, T. J., & ELBAZ, S. W. Technological Risk and Society: The Interdisciplinary Literature'. Research in Philosophy and Technology, 1991, Vol. 11, pp. 301.
MOL, A. P., & SPAARGAREN, G. Environment, modernity and the risk-society: the apocalyptic horizon of environmental reform. International sociology, 1993, Vol. 8, Num. 4, pp. 431-459.
NEIRA, H.; RUSSO, L. Y ALVAREZ SUBIABRE, B. Ecocidio. Revista de Filosofía, 2019, 76, pp. 127-148.
OBERHUBER, Theo. Biodiversidad: tirando piedras contra nuestro propio tejado y Biodiversidad:elemeto central de un nuevo paradigma, en Hernadez Aja, A. y Puleo A., et. al., Claves del ecologismo social, Libros en Acción, Madrid, 2009.
PÉREZ-MÉNDEZ, N., et al. The signatures of Anthropocene defaunation: cascading effects of the seed dispersal collapse. Sci Rep, 2016, 6, 24820.
PULEO, Alicia. Claves ecofeministas, Madrid: Plaza y Valdés, 2019.
RAND, Lisa. Orbital decay: Space junk and the environmental history of Earth's planetary borderlands, University of Pennsylvania, 2016. Dissertations available from ProQuest: https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI10191526
SCHAEFFER, JEAN-MARIE. El fin de la excepción humana, Buenos Aires: FCE, 2009. SENENT-JOSA, J. Biocidio en Vietnam. Revista Triunfo, 1972, Num.: 490 Año: XXVI
12-15.
SHIBATA, S. The Vietnam War and Revolution in Advanced Countries. In Proceedings of the
XVth World Congress of Philosophy, 1975, Vol. 6, pp. 773-779.
SEDDON,P. J., et.al., Reversing defaunation: Restoring species in a changing world.
SCIENCE 25, 2014, Jul. 406-412.
SHOREMAN-OUIMET, E., & KOPNINA, H. Culture and conservation: Beyond
anthropocentrism. New York: Routledge, 2015.
TABÍO, F., & CORONA, E. La doctrina criminal de la vietnamización. Nixon convicto de los delitos de genocidio, ecocidio y biocidio. Revista Cubana de Derecho, 1972, 161-177.
WEISBERG, B. Ecocide in Indochina: the ecology of war. San Francisco, CA: Canfield Press, 1970.
YOUNG, H. et.al., 2016. Patterns, Causes, and Consequences of Anthropocene Defaunation. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Vol. 47, pp. 333-358.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. (eds.) The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit. A Guide to the Scientific Evidence and Current Debate. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
ZALASIEWICZ, Jan et. al. Working Group on the ‘Anthropocene’, 2020.
http://quaternary.stratigraphy.org/working-groups/anthropocene/
ZIERLER, D. The invention of ecocide: Agent Orange, Vietnam, and the scientists who changed the way we think about the environment. University of Georgia Press, 2011.
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2020-04-21
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ANZOÁTEGUI, Micaela. Antropocentrismo, antropoceno, evolución: una nueva epistemología del riesgo. Das Questões, [S. l.], v. 8, n. 1, p. 2–21, 2020. DOI: 10.26512/dasquestoes.v8i1.31110. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/dasquestoes/article/view/31110. Acesso em: 21 nov. 2024.
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