Esta é uma versão desatualizada publicada em 2021-12-28. Leia a versão mais recente.

Municipal environmental management and regional conservation in eastern Amazon: perceived performance by public agents in the Pará state, Brazil

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v12n1.2021.39267

Palavras-chave:

Amazon. Environmental performance. Perception. Public management. Sustainability.

Resumo

Public agents play a key role in municipal environmental management (MEM) under decentralised regimes. This study aimed to evaluate the MEM through the combined perception of municipal agents and the municipal performance previously calculated by secondary data in Pará, Brazil. A questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale was applied to environmental agents. The respondents (n = 75) from 53 municipalities were divided into poorly performing and well-performing municipalities. The perception of agents from poorly performing municipalities was more optimistic than shown by empirical data. Agents from well-performing municipalities prioritised “economic issues” as significant threats to management over the “institutional capacity” chosen by the other group, indicating a broader view of the reality. As the perception over land-use practices was vital to differentiate the agents from different groups, we concluded for the use of mixed monitoring methods and feedback information for agents for a better MEM, focusing on five variables (Rural environmental register – CAR, in Portuguese acronym; degraded area; deforested area; rural credit; and abandoned pasture) that differentiated the municipalities.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Biografia do Autor

Benedito Evandro Barros da Silva, PhD in Socioenvironmental Development, Environmental Analyst, Secretaria Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade do Pará (Semas/PA), Marabá, Brazil

Graduated in Environmental Engineering from the State University of Pará (2006), Master in Environmental Sciences from the Federal University of Pará (2011) and Ph.D. in Socio-Environmental Development from the Federal University of Pará (2019). He is currently environmental analyst at the State Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainability of Pará and a substitute Professor at the Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará (2019-2021). His main interests include public policies; environmental management; geotechnologies, environmental sciences; and land use and land tenure.

Claudia Azevedo-Ramos , PhD in Ecology, Professor, Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA),Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil

Biologist. Ph.D in Ecology (UNICAMP), Professor at the Federal University of Pará, Brazil. She was a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute - IPAM (2004-2006) and former Director of the Brazilian Forest Service (2006-2014). Her research interests are tropical forest ecology and management; land use changes; and conservation policies and governance.

Hilder André Bezerra Farias, PhD in Economics, Adjunct Professor, Department of Economics, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil

Adjunct Teacher at Universidade Federal do Pará, at the Department of Economics where he has been since 2015. Farias lectures Applied Mathematics-Economics, Advanced Microeconomics, Data Science and Simulation both for undergraduate and graduate students. His research interests span Computational Economics, Complexity and Ecological Economics. Much of his recent work has been on understanding sustainable development alternatives in Amazon as well as implementing tools to work with Big Data from Brazilian official databases.

Referências

AGRANOFF, R.; MCGUIRE, M. American Federalism and the Search for Models of Management. Public Administration Review, v. 61, n. 6, p. 671–681, nov. 2001.

AGRAWAL, A. The Decentralizing State: nature and origins of changing environmental policies in Africa and Latin America, 1980-2000. Paper prepared for the 97th Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, August 30 to September 2. 2001.

ALLIK, J.; REALO, A. Individualism-collectivism and social capital. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, v. 35, p. 29–49, 2004.

ASSUNÇÃO, J.; ROCHA, R. Getting greener by going black: the priority municipalities in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Climate Policy Initiative, 2014.

AZEVEDO, A. A. et al. Limits of Brazil’s Forest Code as a means to end illegal deforestation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 114, n. 29, p. 7653-7658, 2017.

BENNETT, N. J. Using perceptions as evidence to improve conservation and environmental management: perceptions and conservation. Conservation Biology, v. 30, n. 3, p. 582–592, nov. 2016.

BICKLEY, S. M. et al. Human perceptions of and interactions with wild canids on cattle ranches in central Brazil. Oryx, v. 54, n. 4, p. 546–553, nov. 2020.

BORGES DE LIMA, I.; BUSZYNSKI, L. Local environmental governance, public policies and deforestation in Amazonia. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, v. 22, n. 3, p. 292–316, nov. 2011.

CARMENTA, R. et al. Perceptions across scales of governance and the Indonesian peatland fires. Global Environmental Change, v. 46, p. 50–59, nov. 2017.

CELENTANO, D. et al. Perceptions of environmental change and use of traditional knowledge to plan riparian forest restoration with relocated communities in Alcântara, Eastern Amazon. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, v. 10, n. 1, p. 11, nov. 2014.

CÓRDOBA, D. et al. Understanding local perceptions of the impacts of large-scale oil palm plantations on ecosystem services in the Brazilian Amazon. Forest Policy and Economics, v. 109, p. 102007, 2019.

CÔRTES, J. C.; ÁLVARO DE OLIVEIRA, D.; OJIMA, R. Urbanização Extensiva e Reconfiguração Rural na Amazônia: uma proposta teórico-metodológica baseada em indicadores environment. Governance and Development Extended Urbanization and Rural Reconfiguration in the Amazon: a Theoretical-Methodological Prop. p. 1–25, 2020.

CRIOLLO, R.; MALHEIROS, T.; ALFARO, J. F. Municipal Environmental Management Indicators: a bottom-up approach applied to the colombian context. Social Indicators Research, v. 141, n. 3, p. 1037–1054, nov. 2019.

DINIZ, F. et al. Mapping future changes in livelihood security and environmental sustainability based on perceptions of small farmers in the Brazilian Amazon. Ecology and Society, v. 20, n. 2, p. 26, nov. 2015.

FALLETI, T. G. Decentralization and Subnational Politics in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

FERNÁNDEZ-LLAMAZARES, Á. et al. Local perceptions as a guide for the sustainable management of natural resources: empirical evidence from a small-scale society in Bolivian Amazonia. Ecology and Society, v. 21, n. 1, p. 2, nov. 2016.

FOWLER, L. Local Managerial Perceptions of Intergovernmental Management. State and Local Government Review, v. 50, n. 1, p. 6–14, nov. 2018.

GUTHIGA, P. M. Understanding Local Communities’ Perceptions of Existing Forest Management Regimes of a Kenyan Rainforest. International Journal of Social Forestry, v. 1, n. 2, p. 145–166, 2008.

HAMILTON, M.; SALERNO, J. Cognitive Maps Reveal Diverse Perceptions of How Prescribed Fire Affects Forests and Communities. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, v. 3, p. 75, nov. 2020.

INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Cidades. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2020. Available in: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/pa/panorama.

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS ESPACIAIS. Projeto Prodes: Banco de dados de desmatamento nos municípios. São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2020. Available in: http://www.dpi.inpe.br/prodesdigital/prodes.php.

LIKERT, R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of psychology, v. 22, n. 140, 1932, 55p.

LÓPEZ-GAMERO, M. D.; MOLINA-AZORÍN, J. F.; CLAVER-CORTÉS, E. The potential of environmental regulation to change managerial perception, environmental management, competitiveness and financial performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, v. 18, n. 10–11, p. 963–974, nov. 2010.

MENDEZ, G. DE P.; JÚNIOR, R. A. F. C. Obstacles to municipal environmental licensing: analysis of the main difficulties and obstacles in the environmental licensing procedures of municipalities. Ciência e Natura, v. 40, n. 0, p. 35, nov. 2018.

MOLDAN, B.; JANOUŠKOVÁ, S.; HÁK, T. How to understand and measure environmental sustainability: indicators and targets. Ecological Indicators, v. 17, p. 4–13, nov. 2012.

NEPSTAD, D. et al. Slowing Amazon deforestation through public policy and interventions in beef and soy supply chains. Science, v. 344, n. 6188, p. 1118–1123, nov. 2014.

NEVES, E. M. S. C.; WHATELY, M. Municipalities and policies against deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Novos Estudos Cebrap, v. 106, p. 67, 2016.

OKUMAH, M.; YEBOAH, A. S. Exploring stakeholders’ perceptions of the quality and governance of water resources in the Wenchi municipality. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, v. 63, n. 8, p. 1375–1403, nov. 2020.

RODRIGUES, M. L.; MALHEIROS, T. F.; DAGOSTIN DARÓS, T. A percepção ambiental como instrumento de apoio na gestão e na formulação de políticas públicas ambientais. Saúde e Sociedade, v. 21, p. 96–110, 2012.

SCHMITT, J.; SCARDUA, F. P. A descentralização das competências ambientais e a fiscalização do desmatamento na Amazônia. Revista de Administração Pública, v. 49, n. 5, p. 1121–1142, nov. 2015.

SILVA, B. E. B. DA; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, C. Evolução da Descentralização da Gestão Ambiental Municipal no Estado do Pará. In: Desafios Amazônicos. (PEZZUTI, J.; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, C.). Série Desenvolvimento e Sustentabilidade. Belém, Brazil: NAEA Editora, 2016. p. 261–296.

SILVA, B. E. B. DA; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, C.; FARIAS, H. A. B. The impact of decentralization policies: the environmental performance applied to municipalities of the Amazon. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, v. 51, p. 202–223, 2019.

TANGUAY, G. A. et al. Measuring the sustainability of cities: an analysis of the use of local indicators. Ecological Indicators, v. 10, n. 2, p. 407–418, nov. 2010.

VIANA, C. et al. How does hybrid governance emerge? Role of the elite in building a green municipality in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Environmental Policy and Governance, v. 26, n. 5, p. 337-350, 2016.

WEINHOLD, D.; KILLICK, E.; REIS, E. J. Soybeans, Poverty and Inequality in the Brazilian Amazon. World

Downloads

Publicado

2021-12-28

Versões

Como Citar

Silva, B. E. B. da, Azevedo-Ramos , . C. ., & Farias, H. A. B. (2021). Municipal environmental management and regional conservation in eastern Amazon: perceived performance by public agents in the Pará state, Brazil. Sustainability in Debate, 12(3), 254–268. https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v12n1.2021.39267

Artigos Semelhantes

1 2 > >> 

Você também pode iniciar uma pesquisa avançada por similaridade para este artigo.