Evaluation Protocol for Children with Autism:
Evidence of Criterion Validity
Keywords:
Autism, Psychologial evaluation, Validation studies, Joint attentionAbstract
Evaluating children suspected of having Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in public health departments of
Brazil demands tools created and validated in that country. This study aimed to investigate the preliminar criterion validity of
the Protocolo de Observação para Crianças com Suspeita de Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (PRO-TEA). Thirty children,
ages of two to four years old, were divided in three groups (Typical Development, Down syndrome and Autism). The items
were examined by 2 independent observers, both unaware of the children’s diagnosis. The reliability of the evaluators was
examined with the Kappa coefficient. The items referring to joint attention, symbolic play and repetitive movements of the
body discriminated the group with ASD from the control group, are an indication of the potential value of the instrument.
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References
Altman, D. G. (1991). Practical statistics for medical research.
London: Chapman and Hall.
American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Manual diagnóstico e
estatístico de transtornos mentais (C. Dornelles,Trans., 4ª ed.).
Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5ª ed.). Arlington,
VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Assumpção Jr, F. B., Kuczynski, E., Gabriel, M. R., & Rocca, C.
C. (1999). Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos (ATA):
Validade e confiabilidade de uma escala para detecção de
condutas autísticas. Arquivos de Neuropsiquatria, 57(1), 23-29.
Ballabriga, M. C., Escudé, R. M., & Llaberia, E. D. (1994). Escala
d’avaluació dels trests autistes (ATA): Validez y fiabilidad de
una escala para el examen de las conductas autistas. Revista
de Psiquiatria Infanto-Juvenil, 4, 254-263.
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A.
(1999). Autism Screening Questionnaire: Diagnosticvalidity.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444-451.
Blanc, R., Adrien, J. L., Roux, S., & Bartélémy, C. (2005).
Dysregulation of pretend play and communication development
in children with autism. Autism, 9(3), 229-245.
Bosa, C. (1998). Affect, social communication and selfstimulation
in children with and without autism: A systematic
observation study of requesting behaviours and joint attention.
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade de Londres,
Inglaterra.
Castro-Souza, R. M. (2011). Adaptação Brasileirado M-CHAT
(Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) (Unpublished
master´s thesis). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Prevalence
of autism spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental
disabilities monitoring network. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report, 61(3), 1-19.
Charman, T. (1997). The relationship between joint attention and
pretend play in autism. Development and Psychopathology,
6, 249-261.
Charman, T. (2003). Why is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism?
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological
Sciences, 358(1430), 315-324.
Colombi, C., Liebal, K., Tomasello, M., Young, G., Warneken, F.,
& Rogers, S. J. (2009). Examining correlates of cooperation
in autism. Autism, 13(2), 143-163.
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., & Estes,
A. (2004). Defining the early social attention impairments
in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and responses to
emotions. Developmental Psychology, 40, 271-283.
Delinicolas, E., & Young, R. (2007). Joint attention, language, social
relating, and stereotypical behaviors in children with autistic
disorder. Autism, 11(5), 425-436.
Di Napoli, F. O., & Bosa, C. (2005). As relações entre a qualidade
da interação mãe-criança e o reconhecimento da imagem de si
em crianças com autismo. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento
e Desenvolvimento Humano, 15(3), 11-25.
Goldman, S., Wang, C., Salgado, M. W., Greene, P. E., Kim, M., &
Rapin, I. (2008). Motor stereotypies in children with autism
and other developmental disorders. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 51, 30-38.
Honey, E., Leekam, S., Turner, M., & McConachie, M. (2007).
Repetitive behavior and play in typically developing children
and children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism
and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1107-1115.
Klin, A. (2006). Autismo e síndrome de Asperger: Uma visão geral.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 28(Supp.1), 3-11.
Krug, D. A., Arick, J. R., & Almond, P. (1993). Behavior checklist
for identifying severely handicapped individuals with high
levels of autistic behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 21(3), 221-229.
Lifter, K. (2009). Developmental play assessment and teaching.
In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian & S. M.
Wilczynski (Eds.), Effective practices for children with autism:
Educational and behavioral support interventions that work
(pp. 299-322). Oxford University Press.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., Dilavore, P., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism
Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western
Psychological Services.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic
Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic
interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 24(5), 659-685.
Losapio, M. F., & Pondé, M. P. (2008). Translation into portuguese
of the M-CHAT Scale for early screening of autism. Revista de
Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 30(3), 221-229.
Marques, D. F. (2011). Aprimoramento e evidências de validade
do protocolo de observação para crianças com suspeita
de transtornos do espectro autista: um estudo preliminar
(Unpublished master´s thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Marteleto, M. R. F., & Pedremônico, M. R. M. (2005). Validity of
Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC): preliminary study. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 295-301.
Matson, J. L., Dempsey, T., & Fodstad, J. C. (2009). Stereotypies
and repetitive/restrictive behaviours in infants with autism
and pervasive developmental disorder. Developmental
Neurorehabilitation, 12(3), 122-127.
McDuffie, A., Turner, L., Stone, W., Yoder, P., Wolery, M., & Ulman,
T. (2007). Developmental correlates of different types of motor
imitation in young children with autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 401-412.
Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). Imitation and other minds: The “like me”
hypothesis. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on
imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science (pp.
55-77). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Miilher, L. P., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2009). Habilidades
pragmáticas, vocabulares e gramaticais em crianças com
transtornos do espectro autístico. Pró-Fono Revista de
Atualização Científica, 21(4), 309-314.
Moraes, C. (2004). Comportamentos repetitivos, interesses
restritos e obsessões em indivíduos com transtorno global
do desenvolvimento (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo.
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989). Specifying the nature of the
social impairment in autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: New
perspectives on nature, diagnosis, and treatment (pp. 3-21).
New York: Guilford.
Pereira, A., Riesgo, R. S., & Wagner, M. B. (2008). Autismo infantil:
Tradução e validação da Childhood Autism Rating Scale para
uso no Brasil. Jornal de Pediatria, 84(6), 487-494.
Rapin, I., & Tuchman, R. F. (2009). Onde estamos: Visão geral
e definições. In R. Tuchman & I. Rapin (Eds.), Autismo:
Abordagem Neurobiológica. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001). The
modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study
investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 31, 131-144.
Rutherford, M. D., Young, G. S., Hepburn, S., & Rogers, S. J.
(2007). A longitudinal study of pretend play in autism. Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1024-1039.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic
interview revised manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological
Services.
Sanini, C. (2006). Comportamentos indicativos de apego em
crianças com autismo (Unpublished master´s thesis).
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Sato, F. P., Paula, C. S., Lowenthal, R., Nakano, E. Y., Brunoni, D.,
Schwartzman, J. S., & Mercadante, M. T. (2009). Instrumento
para rastreamento dos casos de transtorno invasivo do
desenvolvimento ”“ estudo preliminar de validação. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(1), 30-33
Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. (1988). Childhood Autism
Scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Sigman, M., Mundy, P., Sherman, T., & Ungerer, J. (1986). Social
interactions of autistic, mentally retarded and normal children.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 647-656.
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002). The behaviors of parents of
children with autism predict the subsequent development
of their children’s communication. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 32(2), 77-89.
Smith, V., Mirenda, P., & Zaidman-Zait, A. (2007). Predictors of
expressive vocabulary growth in children with autism. Journal
of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 149-160.
Thurm, A., Lord, C., Lee, L. C., & Newschaffer, C. (2006).
Predictors of language acquisition in preschool children
with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 37, 1721-1734.
Tomasello, M. (2003). Origens culturais da aquisição do
conhecimento humano. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, T. B., & Moll, H. (2005).
Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural
cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 675-735.
Tomasello, M., & Farrar, M. (1986). Joint attention and early
language. Child Development, 57, 1454-1463.
Toth, K., Munson, J., Meltzoff, A. N., & Dawson, G. (2006). Early
predictors of communication development in young children
with autism spectrum disorder: Joint attention, imitation, and
toy play. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
36, 993-1005.
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & Weerdt, W. (2007). Nature of
motor imitation problems in school-aged boys with autism: A
motor or a cognitive problem? Autism, 11(3), 225-240.
London: Chapman and Hall.
American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Manual diagnóstico e
estatístico de transtornos mentais (C. Dornelles,Trans., 4ª ed.).
Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5ª ed.). Arlington,
VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Assumpção Jr, F. B., Kuczynski, E., Gabriel, M. R., & Rocca, C.
C. (1999). Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos (ATA):
Validade e confiabilidade de uma escala para detecção de
condutas autísticas. Arquivos de Neuropsiquatria, 57(1), 23-29.
Ballabriga, M. C., Escudé, R. M., & Llaberia, E. D. (1994). Escala
d’avaluació dels trests autistes (ATA): Validez y fiabilidad de
una escala para el examen de las conductas autistas. Revista
de Psiquiatria Infanto-Juvenil, 4, 254-263.
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A.
(1999). Autism Screening Questionnaire: Diagnosticvalidity.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444-451.
Blanc, R., Adrien, J. L., Roux, S., & Bartélémy, C. (2005).
Dysregulation of pretend play and communication development
in children with autism. Autism, 9(3), 229-245.
Bosa, C. (1998). Affect, social communication and selfstimulation
in children with and without autism: A systematic
observation study of requesting behaviours and joint attention.
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade de Londres,
Inglaterra.
Castro-Souza, R. M. (2011). Adaptação Brasileirado M-CHAT
(Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) (Unpublished
master´s thesis). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Prevalence
of autism spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental
disabilities monitoring network. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report, 61(3), 1-19.
Charman, T. (1997). The relationship between joint attention and
pretend play in autism. Development and Psychopathology,
6, 249-261.
Charman, T. (2003). Why is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism?
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological
Sciences, 358(1430), 315-324.
Colombi, C., Liebal, K., Tomasello, M., Young, G., Warneken, F.,
& Rogers, S. J. (2009). Examining correlates of cooperation
in autism. Autism, 13(2), 143-163.
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., & Estes,
A. (2004). Defining the early social attention impairments
in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and responses to
emotions. Developmental Psychology, 40, 271-283.
Delinicolas, E., & Young, R. (2007). Joint attention, language, social
relating, and stereotypical behaviors in children with autistic
disorder. Autism, 11(5), 425-436.
Di Napoli, F. O., & Bosa, C. (2005). As relações entre a qualidade
da interação mãe-criança e o reconhecimento da imagem de si
em crianças com autismo. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento
e Desenvolvimento Humano, 15(3), 11-25.
Goldman, S., Wang, C., Salgado, M. W., Greene, P. E., Kim, M., &
Rapin, I. (2008). Motor stereotypies in children with autism
and other developmental disorders. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 51, 30-38.
Honey, E., Leekam, S., Turner, M., & McConachie, M. (2007).
Repetitive behavior and play in typically developing children
and children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism
and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1107-1115.
Klin, A. (2006). Autismo e síndrome de Asperger: Uma visão geral.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 28(Supp.1), 3-11.
Krug, D. A., Arick, J. R., & Almond, P. (1993). Behavior checklist
for identifying severely handicapped individuals with high
levels of autistic behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 21(3), 221-229.
Lifter, K. (2009). Developmental play assessment and teaching.
In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian & S. M.
Wilczynski (Eds.), Effective practices for children with autism:
Educational and behavioral support interventions that work
(pp. 299-322). Oxford University Press.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., Dilavore, P., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism
Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western
Psychological Services.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic
Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic
interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 24(5), 659-685.
Losapio, M. F., & Pondé, M. P. (2008). Translation into portuguese
of the M-CHAT Scale for early screening of autism. Revista de
Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 30(3), 221-229.
Marques, D. F. (2011). Aprimoramento e evidências de validade
do protocolo de observação para crianças com suspeita
de transtornos do espectro autista: um estudo preliminar
(Unpublished master´s thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Marteleto, M. R. F., & Pedremônico, M. R. M. (2005). Validity of
Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC): preliminary study. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 295-301.
Matson, J. L., Dempsey, T., & Fodstad, J. C. (2009). Stereotypies
and repetitive/restrictive behaviours in infants with autism
and pervasive developmental disorder. Developmental
Neurorehabilitation, 12(3), 122-127.
McDuffie, A., Turner, L., Stone, W., Yoder, P., Wolery, M., & Ulman,
T. (2007). Developmental correlates of different types of motor
imitation in young children with autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 401-412.
Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). Imitation and other minds: The “like me”
hypothesis. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on
imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science (pp.
55-77). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Miilher, L. P., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2009). Habilidades
pragmáticas, vocabulares e gramaticais em crianças com
transtornos do espectro autístico. Pró-Fono Revista de
Atualização Científica, 21(4), 309-314.
Moraes, C. (2004). Comportamentos repetitivos, interesses
restritos e obsessões em indivíduos com transtorno global
do desenvolvimento (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo.
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989). Specifying the nature of the
social impairment in autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: New
perspectives on nature, diagnosis, and treatment (pp. 3-21).
New York: Guilford.
Pereira, A., Riesgo, R. S., & Wagner, M. B. (2008). Autismo infantil:
Tradução e validação da Childhood Autism Rating Scale para
uso no Brasil. Jornal de Pediatria, 84(6), 487-494.
Rapin, I., & Tuchman, R. F. (2009). Onde estamos: Visão geral
e definições. In R. Tuchman & I. Rapin (Eds.), Autismo:
Abordagem Neurobiológica. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001). The
modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study
investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 31, 131-144.
Rutherford, M. D., Young, G. S., Hepburn, S., & Rogers, S. J.
(2007). A longitudinal study of pretend play in autism. Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1024-1039.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic
interview revised manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological
Services.
Sanini, C. (2006). Comportamentos indicativos de apego em
crianças com autismo (Unpublished master´s thesis).
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Sato, F. P., Paula, C. S., Lowenthal, R., Nakano, E. Y., Brunoni, D.,
Schwartzman, J. S., & Mercadante, M. T. (2009). Instrumento
para rastreamento dos casos de transtorno invasivo do
desenvolvimento ”“ estudo preliminar de validação. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(1), 30-33
Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. (1988). Childhood Autism
Scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Sigman, M., Mundy, P., Sherman, T., & Ungerer, J. (1986). Social
interactions of autistic, mentally retarded and normal children.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 647-656.
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002). The behaviors of parents of
children with autism predict the subsequent development
of their children’s communication. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 32(2), 77-89.
Smith, V., Mirenda, P., & Zaidman-Zait, A. (2007). Predictors of
expressive vocabulary growth in children with autism. Journal
of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 149-160.
Thurm, A., Lord, C., Lee, L. C., & Newschaffer, C. (2006).
Predictors of language acquisition in preschool children
with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 37, 1721-1734.
Tomasello, M. (2003). Origens culturais da aquisição do
conhecimento humano. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, T. B., & Moll, H. (2005).
Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural
cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 675-735.
Tomasello, M., & Farrar, M. (1986). Joint attention and early
language. Child Development, 57, 1454-1463.
Toth, K., Munson, J., Meltzoff, A. N., & Dawson, G. (2006). Early
predictors of communication development in young children
with autism spectrum disorder: Joint attention, imitation, and
toy play. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
36, 993-1005.
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & Weerdt, W. (2007). Nature of
motor imitation problems in school-aged boys with autism: A
motor or a cognitive problem? Autism, 11(3), 225-240.
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Published
2015-09-03
How to Cite
Marques, D. F., & Bosa, C. A. (2015). Evaluation Protocol for Children with Autism:: Evidence of Criterion Validity. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 31(1). Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18137
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