O fenótipo ampliado do autismo em genitores de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo
Palavras-chave:
Psicologia do Desenvolvimento; Transtornos do desenvolvimento, Transtorno do espectro autista, Fenótipo ampliado do autismo, Genitores, Traços de personalidadeResumo
Pesquisadores têm identificado expressões mais leves de traços do Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (e.g. traços de personalidade) em pais e irmãos destes indivíduos, que são definidas como fenótipo ampliado do autismo (FAA). Este estudo investigou o perfil de personalidade de 20 genitores de crianças com o diagnóstico de TEA, utilizando a Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade e o Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire. Os resultados apontam para a presença de alguns traços de personalidade (ex: tendência à rigidez e ao retraimento social) que podem, em alguma medida, corresponder à s áreas de comprometimento presentes no TEA. Estes achados refletem uma área promissora de estudos no Brasil, sobretudo porque se utilizou um instrumento brasileiro, ainda não empregado em investigações na área do autismo.
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Referências
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and
statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).Washington
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM 5.American
Psychiatric Association.
Austin, E. J. (2005). Personality correlates of the broader autism
phenotype as assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ).
Personality and Individual Differences, 38(2), 451-460.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., &
Clubley, E. (2001). The autism- spectrum quotient (AQ):
Evidence from Asperger syndrome/ high-functioning autism
males and females scientists and mathematicians. Journal of
Autism Developmental Disorders 31, 5-17.
Becker, M. M., Wagner, M. B., Bosa, C. A., Schmidt, C., Longo,
D., Papaleo, C., & Riesgo, R. S. (2012). Translation and
validation of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
for autism diagnosis in Brazil. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria,
70(3), 185-190.
Bishop, D. (1992). The underlying nature of specific language
impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
33(1), 3-66.
Bishop, D. V. M., Maybery, M., Maley, A., Wong, D., Hill, W.,
& Hallmayer, J. (2004). Using self-report to identify the
broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum
disorders: a study using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1431-1436.
Bosa, C. (2007). Protocolo de Observação para Crianças com
Suspeita de Transtornos doEspectro Autista. (Unpublished
manuscript).
Bölte, S., Knecht, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). A Case”“Control Study of
Personality Style and Psychopathology in Parents of Subjects
with Autism. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders,
37, 243-250.
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006). Gene”“environment interactions
in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience. Nature Reviews
Neuroscience,7(7), 583-590.
Craig, H. K., & Evans, J. L. (1993). Pragmatics and SLI: withingroup
variations in discourse behaviors. Journal of Speech,
Language and Hearing Research, 36(4), 777.
Davidson, J., Goin-Kochel, R. P., Green-Snyder, L. A., Hundley, R.
J., Warren, Z., & Peters, S. U. (2012). Expression of the broad
autism phenotype in simplex autism families from the simons
simplex collection. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 4(10):2392-2399. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1492-1.
Dawson, G., Webb, S., Schellenberg, G. D., Dager, S., Friedman,
S., Aylward, E., et al.(2002). Defining the Broader Phenotype
of Autism: Genetic, Brain, and BehavioralPerspectives.
Development and Psychopathology, 14, 581-611.
Gottesman, I.I., &Gould, T.D. (2003). The endophenotype concept
in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 636-645.
Hurley, R. S. E., Losh, M., Parlier, M., Reznick, J. S., &Piven, J.
(2007).The broad autism phenotype questionnaire.Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1679-1690.
Ingersoll, B. (2010). Broader Autism Phenotype and Nonverbal
Sensitivity: Evidence for an Association in the General
Population. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 40,
590-598.
Lord, C., Rutter, M. & Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic
interwied-revided: a revised version of a diagnostic interview
for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive
developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Development
Disorders, 24, 659-685.
Losh, M., Childress, D., Lam, K., &Piven, J. (2008). Defining
key features of the broad autism phenotype: A comparison
across parents of multiple- and single-incidence autism
families. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B
(Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 147B, 424-433
Marques, D. F., & Bosa, C. A. (2015). Protocolo de Avaliação de
Crianças com Autismo: Evidências de Validade de Critério.
Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 31(1), 43-51.
Murphy, M., Bolton, P., Pickles, A., Fombonne, E., Piven, J., &
Rutter, M. (2000). Personality traits of the relatives of autistic
probands.Psychological Medicine, 30, 1411- 1424.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five
factor model and its applications. Journal of personality,
60(2), 175-215.
Nunes, C. H. S., Hutz, C. S. & Nunes, M. F. O. (2010) Bateria
fatorial de personalidade. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. (2000). CID-10: Classificação
Estatística Internacional de Doenças com disquete Vol. 1.
Edusp.
Piven, J. (2001). The broad autism phenotype: A complementary
strategy for molecular genetic studies of autism. American
Journal of Medical Genetics, 105(1), 34-35.
Raven, J.C. (2002). Manual de Teste Matrizes Progressivas. Rio
de Janeiro: CEPA.
Ronald A, Hoekstra R. A. (2011). Autism Spectrum Disorders and
Autistic Traits: A Decade of New Twin Studies. American
Journal of Medical Genetics (Part B), 156, 255”“274.
Ruser, T. F., Arin, D., Dowd, M., Putnam, S., Winklosky, B.,
Rosen- Sheidley, B…. …Folstein, S. (2007).Communicative
competence in parents of children with autism and parents of
children with specific language impairment. Journal of Autism
and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1323”“1336.
Ruta, L., Mazzone, D., Mazzone, L., Wheelwright, S., & Baron-
Cohen, S. (2012). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient””Italian
version: A cross-cultural confirmation of the broader autism
phenotype. Journal of autism and developmental disorders,
42(4), 625-633.
Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J.,
Weiller, E., ... & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International
Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and
validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for
DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 59, 22-33.
Smith, C. J., Lang, C. M., Kryzak, L., Reichenberg, A., Hollander,
E., & Silverman, J. M.(2009). Familial associations of intense
preoccupations, an empirical factor of the restricted, repetitive
behaviors and interests domain of autism. Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(8), 982-990.
Sucksmith, E., Roth, I., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2011). Autistic Traits
Below the Clinical Threshold: Re-examining the Broader
Autism Phenotype in the 21st Century. Neuropsycholy Review,
21, 360”“389.
Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Goldberg,
J., & Bennett, T. (2008). Alexithymia in parents of children
with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 38, 1859”“1865.
Tanguay, P. E., Robertson, J., & Derrick, A. (1998). A dimensional
classification of autism spectrum disorder by social
communication domains. Journal of the American Academy
of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(3), 271-277.
Taylor, L. J., Maybery, M. T., Wray, J., Ravine, D., Hunt, A., &
Whitehouse, A. J. (2013). Brief Report: Do the Nature of
Communication Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Relate to the Broader Autism Phenotype in Parents? Journal
of autism and developmental disorders, 1-6.
Wheelwright, S., Auyeung, B., Allison, C., & Baron-Cohen, S.
(2010). Defining the broader, medium and narrow autism
phenotype among parents using the Autism Spectrum Quotient
(AQ). Molecular Autism, 1, 1-10.
Widiger, T. A., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2002). Five-factor model
personality disorder research.
Whitehouse, A. J. O., Barry, J. G., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2007). The
broader language phenotype of autism: a comparison with
specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology
and Psychiatry, 48(8), 822-830.
Whitehouse, A. J. O., Coon, H., Miller, J., Salisbury, B., & Bishop,
D. V. M. (2010). Narrowing the broader autism phenotype:
a study using the Communication Checklist - Adult Version
(CC-A). Autism, 14(6), 559-574.
Whitehouse, A. J. O., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2009). Hemispheric
division of function is the result of independent probabilistic
biases. Neuropsychologia, 47(8-9), 1938-1943.
World Health Organization (1993). WHOQOL study protocol.
Genebra: WHO (MNH/PSF/93.9).
statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).Washington
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM 5.American
Psychiatric Association.
Austin, E. J. (2005). Personality correlates of the broader autism
phenotype as assessed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ).
Personality and Individual Differences, 38(2), 451-460.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., &
Clubley, E. (2001). The autism- spectrum quotient (AQ):
Evidence from Asperger syndrome/ high-functioning autism
males and females scientists and mathematicians. Journal of
Autism Developmental Disorders 31, 5-17.
Becker, M. M., Wagner, M. B., Bosa, C. A., Schmidt, C., Longo,
D., Papaleo, C., & Riesgo, R. S. (2012). Translation and
validation of Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R)
for autism diagnosis in Brazil. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria,
70(3), 185-190.
Bishop, D. (1992). The underlying nature of specific language
impairment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
33(1), 3-66.
Bishop, D. V. M., Maybery, M., Maley, A., Wong, D., Hill, W.,
& Hallmayer, J. (2004). Using self-report to identify the
broad phenotype in parents of children with autistic spectrum
disorders: a study using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1431-1436.
Bosa, C. (2007). Protocolo de Observação para Crianças com
Suspeita de Transtornos doEspectro Autista. (Unpublished
manuscript).
Bölte, S., Knecht, S., & Poustka, F. (2007). A Case”“Control Study of
Personality Style and Psychopathology in Parents of Subjects
with Autism. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders,
37, 243-250.
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006). Gene”“environment interactions
in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience. Nature Reviews
Neuroscience,7(7), 583-590.
Craig, H. K., & Evans, J. L. (1993). Pragmatics and SLI: withingroup
variations in discourse behaviors. Journal of Speech,
Language and Hearing Research, 36(4), 777.
Davidson, J., Goin-Kochel, R. P., Green-Snyder, L. A., Hundley, R.
J., Warren, Z., & Peters, S. U. (2012). Expression of the broad
autism phenotype in simplex autism families from the simons
simplex collection. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 4(10):2392-2399. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1492-1.
Dawson, G., Webb, S., Schellenberg, G. D., Dager, S., Friedman,
S., Aylward, E., et al.(2002). Defining the Broader Phenotype
of Autism: Genetic, Brain, and BehavioralPerspectives.
Development and Psychopathology, 14, 581-611.
Gottesman, I.I., &Gould, T.D. (2003). The endophenotype concept
in psychiatry: Etymology and strategic intentions. American
Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 636-645.
Hurley, R. S. E., Losh, M., Parlier, M., Reznick, J. S., &Piven, J.
(2007).The broad autism phenotype questionnaire.Journal of
Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1679-1690.
Ingersoll, B. (2010). Broader Autism Phenotype and Nonverbal
Sensitivity: Evidence for an Association in the General
Population. Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 40,
590-598.
Lord, C., Rutter, M. & Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic
interwied-revided: a revised version of a diagnostic interview
for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive
developmental disorder. Journal of Autism and Development
Disorders, 24, 659-685.
Losh, M., Childress, D., Lam, K., &Piven, J. (2008). Defining
key features of the broad autism phenotype: A comparison
across parents of multiple- and single-incidence autism
families. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B
(Neuropsychiatric Genetics), 147B, 424-433
Marques, D. F., & Bosa, C. A. (2015). Protocolo de Avaliação de
Crianças com Autismo: Evidências de Validade de Critério.
Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 31(1), 43-51.
Murphy, M., Bolton, P., Pickles, A., Fombonne, E., Piven, J., &
Rutter, M. (2000). Personality traits of the relatives of autistic
probands.Psychological Medicine, 30, 1411- 1424.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five
factor model and its applications. Journal of personality,
60(2), 175-215.
Nunes, C. H. S., Hutz, C. S. & Nunes, M. F. O. (2010) Bateria
fatorial de personalidade. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo.
Organização Mundial da Saúde. (2000). CID-10: Classificação
Estatística Internacional de Doenças com disquete Vol. 1.
Edusp.
Piven, J. (2001). The broad autism phenotype: A complementary
strategy for molecular genetic studies of autism. American
Journal of Medical Genetics, 105(1), 34-35.
Raven, J.C. (2002). Manual de Teste Matrizes Progressivas. Rio
de Janeiro: CEPA.
Ronald A, Hoekstra R. A. (2011). Autism Spectrum Disorders and
Autistic Traits: A Decade of New Twin Studies. American
Journal of Medical Genetics (Part B), 156, 255”“274.
Ruser, T. F., Arin, D., Dowd, M., Putnam, S., Winklosky, B.,
Rosen- Sheidley, B…. …Folstein, S. (2007).Communicative
competence in parents of children with autism and parents of
children with specific language impairment. Journal of Autism
and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1323”“1336.
Ruta, L., Mazzone, D., Mazzone, L., Wheelwright, S., & Baron-
Cohen, S. (2012). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient””Italian
version: A cross-cultural confirmation of the broader autism
phenotype. Journal of autism and developmental disorders,
42(4), 625-633.
Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J.,
Weiller, E., ... & Dunbar, G. C. (1998). The Mini-International
Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): the development and
validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for
DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of clinical psychiatry, 59, 22-33.
Smith, C. J., Lang, C. M., Kryzak, L., Reichenberg, A., Hollander,
E., & Silverman, J. M.(2009). Familial associations of intense
preoccupations, an empirical factor of the restricted, repetitive
behaviors and interests domain of autism. Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(8), 982-990.
Sucksmith, E., Roth, I., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2011). Autistic Traits
Below the Clinical Threshold: Re-examining the Broader
Autism Phenotype in the 21st Century. Neuropsycholy Review,
21, 360”“389.
Szatmari, P., Georgiades, S., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Goldberg,
J., & Bennett, T. (2008). Alexithymia in parents of children
with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 38, 1859”“1865.
Tanguay, P. E., Robertson, J., & Derrick, A. (1998). A dimensional
classification of autism spectrum disorder by social
communication domains. Journal of the American Academy
of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(3), 271-277.
Taylor, L. J., Maybery, M. T., Wray, J., Ravine, D., Hunt, A., &
Whitehouse, A. J. (2013). Brief Report: Do the Nature of
Communication Impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Relate to the Broader Autism Phenotype in Parents? Journal
of autism and developmental disorders, 1-6.
Wheelwright, S., Auyeung, B., Allison, C., & Baron-Cohen, S.
(2010). Defining the broader, medium and narrow autism
phenotype among parents using the Autism Spectrum Quotient
(AQ). Molecular Autism, 1, 1-10.
Widiger, T. A., & Costa Jr, P. T. (2002). Five-factor model
personality disorder research.
Whitehouse, A. J. O., Barry, J. G., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2007). The
broader language phenotype of autism: a comparison with
specific language impairment. Journal of Child Psychology
and Psychiatry, 48(8), 822-830.
Whitehouse, A. J. O., Coon, H., Miller, J., Salisbury, B., & Bishop,
D. V. M. (2010). Narrowing the broader autism phenotype:
a study using the Communication Checklist - Adult Version
(CC-A). Autism, 14(6), 559-574.
Whitehouse, A. J. O., & Bishop, D. V. M. (2009). Hemispheric
division of function is the result of independent probabilistic
biases. Neuropsychologia, 47(8-9), 1938-1943.
World Health Organization (1993). WHOQOL study protocol.
Genebra: WHO (MNH/PSF/93.9).
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Publicado
2015-11-17
Como Citar
Endres, R. G., Lampert, S. S., Bohrer Schuch, J., Roman, T., & Bosa, C. A. (2015). O fenótipo ampliado do autismo em genitores de crianças com transtorno do espectro do autismo. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 31(3), 285–292. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18589
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