Protocolo de Avaliação de Crianças com Autismo:
Evidências de Validade Critério
Palavras-chave:
Psicologia; Psicometria, Transtorno autista, Avaliação psicológica, Validação, Atenção compartilhadaResumo
O aumento da prevalência dos Transtornos do Espectro Autista (TEA) evidencia a necessidade de identificação e intervenção precoces. Entretanto, poucos instrumentos de triagem validados estão disponíveis no Brasil, principalmente na rede pública de assistência. Neste contexto, o estudo teve o objetivo verificar evidências de validade de critério, preliminares, do Protocolo de Observação para Crianças com Suspeita de Transtornos do Espectro Autista (PRO-TEA). Participaram da pesquisa 30 crianças em idade pré-escolar, divididas em 3 grupos (Desenvolvimento Típico, Síndrome de Down e Autismo). O estudo mostrou que os itens que melhor diferenciaram as crianças com TEA dos controles foram os referentes à atenção compartilhada, brincadeira simbólica e movimentos repetitivos do corpo, apontando para o potencial uso do instrumento no contexto clínico.
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Referências
Altman, D. G. (1991). Practical statistics for medical research.
London: Chapman and Hall.
American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Manual diagnóstico e
estatístico de transtornos mentais (C. Dornelles,Trans., 4ª ed.).
Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5ª ed.). Arlington,
VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Assumpção Jr, F. B., Kuczynski, E., Gabriel, M. R., & Rocca, C.
C. (1999). Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos (ATA):
Validade e confiabilidade de uma escala para detecção de
condutas autísticas. Arquivos de Neuropsiquatria, 57(1), 23-29.
Ballabriga, M. C., Escudé, R. M., & Llaberia, E. D. (1994). Escala
d’avaluació dels trests autistes (ATA): Validez y fiabilidad de
una escala para el examen de las conductas autistas. Revista
de Psiquiatria Infanto-Juvenil, 4, 254-263.
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A.
(1999). Autism Screening Questionnaire: Diagnosticvalidity.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444-451.
Blanc, R., Adrien, J. L., Roux, S., & Bartélémy, C. (2005).
Dysregulation of pretend play and communication development
in children with autism. Autism, 9(3), 229-245.
Bosa, C. (1998). Affect, social communication and selfstimulation
in children with and without autism: A systematic
observation study of requesting behaviours and joint attention.
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade de Londres,
Inglaterra.
Castro-Souza, R. M. (2011). Adaptação Brasileirado M-CHAT
(Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) (Unpublished
master´s thesis). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Prevalence
of autism spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental
disabilities monitoring network. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report, 61(3), 1-19.
Charman, T. (1997). The relationship between joint attention and
pretend play in autism. Development and Psychopathology,
6, 249-261.
Charman, T. (2003). Why is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism?
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological
Sciences, 358(1430), 315-324.
Colombi, C., Liebal, K., Tomasello, M., Young, G., Warneken, F.,
& Rogers, S. J. (2009). Examining correlates of cooperation
in autism. Autism, 13(2), 143-163.
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., & Estes,
A. (2004). Defining the early social attention impairments
in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and responses to
emotions. Developmental Psychology, 40, 271-283.
Delinicolas, E., & Young, R. (2007). Joint attention, language, social
relating, and stereotypical behaviors in children with autistic
disorder. Autism, 11(5), 425-436.
Di Napoli, F. O., & Bosa, C. (2005). As relações entre a qualidade
da interação mãe-criança e o reconhecimento da imagem de si
em crianças com autismo. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento
e Desenvolvimento Humano, 15(3), 11-25.
Goldman, S., Wang, C., Salgado, M. W., Greene, P. E., Kim, M., &
Rapin, I. (2008). Motor stereotypies in children with autism
and other developmental disorders. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 51, 30-38.
Honey, E., Leekam, S., Turner, M., & McConachie, M. (2007).
Repetitive behavior and play in typically developing children
and children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism
and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1107-1115.
Klin, A. (2006). Autismo e síndrome de Asperger: Uma visão geral.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 28(Supp.1), 3-11.
Krug, D. A., Arick, J. R., & Almond, P. (1993). Behavior checklist
for identifying severely handicapped individuals with high
levels of autistic behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 21(3), 221-229.
Lifter, K. (2009). Developmental play assessment and teaching.
In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian & S. M.
Wilczynski (Eds.), Effective practices for children with autism:
Educational and behavioral support interventions that work
(pp. 299-322). Oxford University Press.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., Dilavore, P., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism
Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western
Psychological Services.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic
Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic
interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 24(5), 659-685.
Losapio, M. F., & Pondé, M. P. (2008). Translation into portuguese
of the M-CHAT Scale for early screening of autism. Revista de
Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 30(3), 221-229.
Marques, D. F. (2011). Aprimoramento e evidências de validade
do protocolo de observação para crianças com suspeita
de transtornos do espectro autista: um estudo preliminar
(Unpublished master´s thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Marteleto, M. R. F., & Pedremônico, M. R. M. (2005). Validity of
Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC): preliminary study. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 295-301.
Matson, J. L., Dempsey, T., & Fodstad, J. C. (2009). Stereotypies
and repetitive/restrictive behaviours in infants with autism
and pervasive developmental disorder. Developmental
Neurorehabilitation, 12(3), 122-127.
McDuffie, A., Turner, L., Stone, W., Yoder, P., Wolery, M., & Ulman,
T. (2007). Developmental correlates of different types of motor
imitation in young children with autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 401-412.
Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). Imitation and other minds: The “like me”
hypothesis. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on
imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science (pp.
55-77). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Miilher, L. P., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2009). Habilidades
pragmáticas, vocabulares e gramaticais em crianças com
transtornos do espectro autístico. Pró-Fono Revista de
Atualização Científica, 21(4), 309-314.
Moraes, C. (2004). Comportamentos repetitivos, interesses
restritos e obsessões em indivíduos com transtorno global
do desenvolvimento (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo.
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989). Specifying the nature of the
social impairment in autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: New
perspectives on nature, diagnosis, and treatment (pp. 3-21).
New York: Guilford.
Pereira, A., Riesgo, R. S., & Wagner, M. B. (2008). Autismo infantil:
Tradução e validação da Childhood Autism Rating Scale para
uso no Brasil. Jornal de Pediatria, 84(6), 487-494.
Rapin, I., & Tuchman, R. F. (2009). Onde estamos: Visão geral
e definições. In R. Tuchman & I. Rapin (Eds.), Autismo:
Abordagem Neurobiológica. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001). The
modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study
investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 31, 131-144.
Rutherford, M. D., Young, G. S., Hepburn, S., & Rogers, S. J.
(2007). A longitudinal study of pretend play in autism. Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1024-1039.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic
interview revised manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological
Services.
Sanini, C. (2006). Comportamentos indicativos de apego em
crianças com autismo (Unpublished master´s thesis).
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Sato, F. P., Paula, C. S., Lowenthal, R., Nakano, E. Y., Brunoni, D.,
Schwartzman, J. S., & Mercadante, M. T. (2009). Instrumento
para rastreamento dos casos de transtorno invasivo do
desenvolvimento ”“ estudo preliminar de validação. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(1), 30-33
Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. (1988). Childhood Autism
Scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Sigman, M., Mundy, P., Sherman, T., & Ungerer, J. (1986). Social
interactions of autistic, mentally retarded and normal children.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 647-656.
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002). The behaviors of parents of
children with autism predict the subsequent development
of their children’s communication. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 32(2), 77-89.
Smith, V., Mirenda, P., & Zaidman-Zait, A. (2007). Predictors of
expressive vocabulary growth in children with autism. Journal
of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 149-160.
Thurm, A., Lord, C., Lee, L. C., & Newschaffer, C. (2006).
Predictors of language acquisition in preschool children
with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 37, 1721-1734.
Tomasello, M. (2003). Origens culturais da aquisição do
conhecimento humano. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, T. B., & Moll, H. (2005).
Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural
cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 675-735.
Tomasello, M., & Farrar, M. (1986). Joint attention and early
language. Child Development, 57, 1454-1463.
Toth, K., Munson, J., Meltzoff, A. N., & Dawson, G. (2006). Early
predictors of communication development in young children
with autism spectrum disorder: Joint attention, imitation, and
toy play. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
36, 993-1005.
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & Weerdt, W. (2007). Nature of
motor imitation problems in school-aged boys with autism: A
motor or a cognitive problem? Autism, 11(3), 225-240.
London: Chapman and Hall.
American Psychiatric Association. (2002). Manual diagnóstico e
estatístico de transtornos mentais (C. Dornelles,Trans., 4ª ed.).
Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5ª ed.). Arlington,
VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Assumpção Jr, F. B., Kuczynski, E., Gabriel, M. R., & Rocca, C.
C. (1999). Escala de Avaliação de Traços Autísticos (ATA):
Validade e confiabilidade de uma escala para detecção de
condutas autísticas. Arquivos de Neuropsiquatria, 57(1), 23-29.
Ballabriga, M. C., Escudé, R. M., & Llaberia, E. D. (1994). Escala
d’avaluació dels trests autistes (ATA): Validez y fiabilidad de
una escala para el examen de las conductas autistas. Revista
de Psiquiatria Infanto-Juvenil, 4, 254-263.
Berument, S. K., Rutter, M., Lord, C., Pickles, A., & Bailey, A.
(1999). Autism Screening Questionnaire: Diagnosticvalidity.
British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 444-451.
Blanc, R., Adrien, J. L., Roux, S., & Bartélémy, C. (2005).
Dysregulation of pretend play and communication development
in children with autism. Autism, 9(3), 229-245.
Bosa, C. (1998). Affect, social communication and selfstimulation
in children with and without autism: A systematic
observation study of requesting behaviours and joint attention.
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidade de Londres,
Inglaterra.
Castro-Souza, R. M. (2011). Adaptação Brasileirado M-CHAT
(Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) (Unpublished
master´s thesis). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Prevalence
of autism spectrum disorders: Autism and developmental
disabilities monitoring network. Morbidity and Mortality
Weekly Report, 61(3), 1-19.
Charman, T. (1997). The relationship between joint attention and
pretend play in autism. Development and Psychopathology,
6, 249-261.
Charman, T. (2003). Why is joint attention a pivotal skill in autism?
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological
Sciences, 358(1430), 315-324.
Colombi, C., Liebal, K., Tomasello, M., Young, G., Warneken, F.,
& Rogers, S. J. (2009). Examining correlates of cooperation
in autism. Autism, 13(2), 143-163.
Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., & Estes,
A. (2004). Defining the early social attention impairments
in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and responses to
emotions. Developmental Psychology, 40, 271-283.
Delinicolas, E., & Young, R. (2007). Joint attention, language, social
relating, and stereotypical behaviors in children with autistic
disorder. Autism, 11(5), 425-436.
Di Napoli, F. O., & Bosa, C. (2005). As relações entre a qualidade
da interação mãe-criança e o reconhecimento da imagem de si
em crianças com autismo. Revista Brasileira de Crescimento
e Desenvolvimento Humano, 15(3), 11-25.
Goldman, S., Wang, C., Salgado, M. W., Greene, P. E., Kim, M., &
Rapin, I. (2008). Motor stereotypies in children with autism
and other developmental disorders. Developmental Medicine
and Child Neurology, 51, 30-38.
Honey, E., Leekam, S., Turner, M., & McConachie, M. (2007).
Repetitive behavior and play in typically developing children
and children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism
and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1107-1115.
Klin, A. (2006). Autismo e síndrome de Asperger: Uma visão geral.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 28(Supp.1), 3-11.
Krug, D. A., Arick, J. R., & Almond, P. (1993). Behavior checklist
for identifying severely handicapped individuals with high
levels of autistic behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry, 21(3), 221-229.
Lifter, K. (2009). Developmental play assessment and teaching.
In J. K. Luiselli, D. C. Russo, W. P. Christian & S. M.
Wilczynski (Eds.), Effective practices for children with autism:
Educational and behavioral support interventions that work
(pp. 299-322). Oxford University Press.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., Dilavore, P., & Risi, S. (1999). Autism
Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Los Angeles, CA: Western
Psychological Services.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism Diagnostic
Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic
interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 24(5), 659-685.
Losapio, M. F., & Pondé, M. P. (2008). Translation into portuguese
of the M-CHAT Scale for early screening of autism. Revista de
Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 30(3), 221-229.
Marques, D. F. (2011). Aprimoramento e evidências de validade
do protocolo de observação para crianças com suspeita
de transtornos do espectro autista: um estudo preliminar
(Unpublished master´s thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Marteleto, M. R. F., & Pedremônico, M. R. M. (2005). Validity of
Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC): preliminary study. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 27(4), 295-301.
Matson, J. L., Dempsey, T., & Fodstad, J. C. (2009). Stereotypies
and repetitive/restrictive behaviours in infants with autism
and pervasive developmental disorder. Developmental
Neurorehabilitation, 12(3), 122-127.
McDuffie, A., Turner, L., Stone, W., Yoder, P., Wolery, M., & Ulman,
T. (2007). Developmental correlates of different types of motor
imitation in young children with autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 401-412.
Meltzoff, A. N. (2005). Imitation and other minds: The “like me”
hypothesis. In S. Hurley & N. Chater (Eds.), Perspectives on
imitation: From cognitive neuroscience to social science (pp.
55-77). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Miilher, L. P., & Fernandes, F. D. M. (2009). Habilidades
pragmáticas, vocabulares e gramaticais em crianças com
transtornos do espectro autístico. Pró-Fono Revista de
Atualização Científica, 21(4), 309-314.
Moraes, C. (2004). Comportamentos repetitivos, interesses
restritos e obsessões em indivíduos com transtorno global
do desenvolvimento (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo.
Mundy, P., & Sigman, M. (1989). Specifying the nature of the
social impairment in autism. In G. Dawson (Ed.), Autism: New
perspectives on nature, diagnosis, and treatment (pp. 3-21).
New York: Guilford.
Pereira, A., Riesgo, R. S., & Wagner, M. B. (2008). Autismo infantil:
Tradução e validação da Childhood Autism Rating Scale para
uso no Brasil. Jornal de Pediatria, 84(6), 487-494.
Rapin, I., & Tuchman, R. F. (2009). Onde estamos: Visão geral
e definições. In R. Tuchman & I. Rapin (Eds.), Autismo:
Abordagem Neurobiológica. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Robins, D. L., Fein, D., Barton, M. L., & Green, J. A. (2001). The
modified checklist for autism in toddlers: An initial study
investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive
developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 31, 131-144.
Rutherford, M. D., Young, G. S., Hepburn, S., & Rogers, S. J.
(2007). A longitudinal study of pretend play in autism. Journal
of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 1024-1039.
Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic
interview revised manual. Los Angeles: Western Psychological
Services.
Sanini, C. (2006). Comportamentos indicativos de apego em
crianças com autismo (Unpublished master´s thesis).
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre.
Sato, F. P., Paula, C. S., Lowenthal, R., Nakano, E. Y., Brunoni, D.,
Schwartzman, J. S., & Mercadante, M. T. (2009). Instrumento
para rastreamento dos casos de transtorno invasivo do
desenvolvimento ”“ estudo preliminar de validação. Revista
Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31(1), 30-33
Schopler, E., Reichler, R., & Renner, B. (1988). Childhood Autism
Scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Sigman, M., Mundy, P., Sherman, T., & Ungerer, J. (1986). Social
interactions of autistic, mentally retarded and normal children.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 647-656.
Siller, M., & Sigman, M. (2002). The behaviors of parents of
children with autism predict the subsequent development
of their children’s communication. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 32(2), 77-89.
Smith, V., Mirenda, P., & Zaidman-Zait, A. (2007). Predictors of
expressive vocabulary growth in children with autism. Journal
of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 149-160.
Thurm, A., Lord, C., Lee, L. C., & Newschaffer, C. (2006).
Predictors of language acquisition in preschool children
with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and
Developmental Disorders, 37, 1721-1734.
Tomasello, M. (2003). Origens culturais da aquisição do
conhecimento humano. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Tomasello, M., Carpenter, M., Call, T. B., & Moll, H. (2005).
Understanding and sharing intentions: The origins of cultural
cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 28, 675-735.
Tomasello, M., & Farrar, M. (1986). Joint attention and early
language. Child Development, 57, 1454-1463.
Toth, K., Munson, J., Meltzoff, A. N., & Dawson, G. (2006). Early
predictors of communication development in young children
with autism spectrum disorder: Joint attention, imitation, and
toy play. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,
36, 993-1005.
Vanvuchelen, M., Roeyers, H., & Weerdt, W. (2007). Nature of
motor imitation problems in school-aged boys with autism: A
motor or a cognitive problem? Autism, 11(3), 225-240.
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2015-09-03
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Marques, D. F., & Bosa, C. A. (2015). Protocolo de Avaliação de Crianças com Autismo:: Evidências de Validade Critério. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 31(1). Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18137
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