Usos finais de eletricidade e rotinas de uso como base para estratégias de eficiência energética por meio de auditoria residencial

Abstract

The paper aims to present the electricity end-uses and schedules for occupancy and equipment usagefor low-income houses. Data were obtained through energy audit on a sample of 60 low-income houses in the region of Florianópolis-SC, by means of questionnaires and measurements of electricity consumption. The data obtained from the questionnaires refer to the socioeconomic status of the householders and the schedules of equipment and lighting usage, estimated for summer and winter periods. The measurements were used to characterize the equipment and lamps, determining the electricity consumption and usage time, for a period longer than two weeks in each house. The data were assessed through confidence intervals, with parametric and nonparametric statistics. The results showed that the electric shower represents the largest end-use of the sample, with a median of 36.8%, followed by refrigerators, television and lighting. The data showed no significant differences between summer and winter periods, due to the small sample size and the variability of the data. The usage schedules found, when related with respective average power density,correspond to input variables for building simulation studies on the thermal performance of these houses, and contribute to characterize this type of building. The correct quantification of electricity end-uses from small samples leads to the adoption of specific measuresfor energy efficiency in these houses.