Legal profession and legal system in the first decades of the Soviet State (1917-1956)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26512/revistainsurgncia.v10i2.54404

Keywords:

Soviet system of laws, Legal, Soviet Union

Abstract

This article is an introduction to the transformations that occurred in the area of the legal profession in the first decades of the Soviet Union. The text makes a description about the sudden emergence of the profession in the Tsarist era and the disappearance of the same with the October Revolution; and also analyses the reasons that led to the restoration of the profession in the early years of the Decade of the 20th and the transformations that have occurred in the activity from the total collectivization in the late 1920s and until shortly after Stalin's death. At the same time the thesis of different researchers on the history of the professions in the capitalist countries are analyzed and try to be applied to the transformations in the legal profession in this period in the Soviet Union.

Author Biography

Jorge Wozniak, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Professor de História egresso da Universidade de Buenos Aires (UBA). Mestrando em Ciências Políticas na Universidade Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM). Docente pesquisador do Centro de estudos sobre Genocídio (CEG) da Universidade Nacional de Três de Fevereiro (UNTRES). Professor de História Contemporânea na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais da UBA. Tem dedicado a temáticas vinculadas à União Soviética, Rússia e Ucrânia.

References

AAVV. Адвокатура Советского периода (La abogacía en el período soviético), en Адвокатура и нотариат. Становление адвокатуры в РФ (La abogacía y el notariado. El proceso de formación de la abogacía en la Federación Rusa), Rusia, Allpravo, 2003. Disponível em: http://www.allpravo.ru/library/doc75p0/instrum103/item197.html

Barry, Donald D. The USSR Supreme Court: Recent Developments. Soviet Studies, Nº 4, pág. 511-522, vol. 20, abril, 1969.

Berman, Harold J. Law Reform in the Soviet Union. American Slavic and East European Review. Nº 2, pág. 179-189, vol. 15, abril, 1956.

Berman, Harold J. The Law of the Soviet State. Europe-Asia Studies. Nº 3, pág. 225 – 237, vol.6, Janeiro, 1955.

Berlant, Jeffrey L. Profession and Monopoly: A Study of Medicine in the United States and Great Britain, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1975.

Berlant, Jeffrey L. Chap. 2: Toward an Adequate Theory of Institutionalization. In: Berlant, Jeffrey. Professions and Monopoly. Berkeley, University of California Press, pág. 43-63, 1975.

Bialer, Seweryn. Los primeros sucesores de Stalin. México, F.C.E., 2000.

Boikov, A. D; Kapinus, N. I; Tarlo, E G., Адвокатура России: Учебное пособие. Мoscou, Editorial Kameron, 2004.

Bourdieu, Pierre. The specificity of the cientific field and the social conditions of the progress os reason. Social Science Information, Nº 6, pág. 19-47, vol. 14, 1975.

Bourdieu, Pierre. El campo científico. In: Bourdieu, Pierre. Intelectuales, política y poder. Buenos Aires, EUDEBA, 1999.

Bourdieu, Pierre. “Cap. V: La fuerza del Derecho. Elementos para una sociología del campo jurídico” en Bourdieu, Pierre. Poder, Derecho y clases sociales. Bilbao, Desclee de Broker, 2000.

Burbank, Jane. Lenin and the Law in Revolutionary Russia. Slavic Review, Nº 1 , vol. 54, primavera, 1995.

Broué, Pierre. Los procesos de Moscú. Barcelona, Editorial Anagrama, 1969.

Carr, Edward H. Historia de la Rusia Soviética. Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1979.

Constitución de la República Socialista Soviética Federativa de Rusia de 1918.

Constitución de la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas de 1924.

Constitución de la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas de 1936.

Collins, Randall. Market clousure and the conflict theory of the professions. In: Burrage, Michael; Tostendhal, Rolf. Professions in Theory an History. Londres, SAGE, pág. 24-43, 1990.

Figes, Orlando. Los que susurran. Barcelona, Edhasa, 2009.

Freidson, Eliot. Profession of Medicine: A Study of the Sociology of A-pplied Knowledge, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Freidson, Eliot. The Changing Nature of Professional Control. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 10, pág. 1-20, 1984.

Fointsky, I. I. Уголовный процесс.Защита в уголовном процессе как служение общественное (El proceso judicial. La defensa en el proceso judicial como servicio público). Allpravo, Rusia, 2004 (1º edición San Petersburgo, 1885). Versión digital en:

http://www.allpravo.ru/library/doc1897p/instrum2050/

Geison, Gerald. Professions and Professional Ideologies in America. Chapel Hill y Londres, The University of North Carolina Press, pág. 9-10, 1983.

Ginsburgs, George. Structural and Functional Evolution of the Soviet Judiciary since Stalin's Death: 1953-1956. Soviet Studies, Nº 3, pág. 281-302, vol. 13, enero 1962.

González Leandri, Ricardo. Las profesiones. Entre la vocación y el interés corporativo, Editorial Catriel, Madrid, 1999.

Gorlizki, Yoram. Rules, Incentives and Soviet Campaign Justice after World War II. Europe-Asia Studies, Nº 7, pág.1245-1265, vol. 51, noviembre 1999.

Gsovski, Vladimir. Family and Inheritance in Soviet Law. Russian Review, Nº 1, pág. 71-87, vol. 7, outono, 1947.

Guins, George C. Soviet Law in the Mirror of Legal Science. American Slavic and East European Review, Nº 1, pág. 66-73, vol. 16, fevereiro, 1957.

Hazard, John N. Soviet Textbooks on Law. A Review. Slavonic and East European Review. American Series, Nº 1, pág. 211 –222, vol. 2, março, 1943.

Huskey, Eugene. The Limits to Institutional Autonomy in the Soviet Union: The Case of the Advokatura. Soviet Studies, , Nº 2, pág. 200-227, vol. 34, abril, 1982.

Huskey, Eugene. Russian Lawyers and the Soviet State. The Origins and Development of the Soviet Bar, 1917-1939, Princenton, Princenton University Press, 1986.

Huskey, Eugene. Specialists in the Soviet Communist Party Apparatus: Legal Professionals as Party Functionaries. Soviet Studies, Nº 4, pág. 538-555, vol. 4, outubro, 1988.

Johnson, E. L. Some Aspects of the Soviet Legal System, Soviet Studies, Nº 4, pág. 351-358, vol. 6, abril, 1955.

Johnson, Terry. Governmentality and the institutionalization of expertise. In: Johnson, Terry; Larkin, Gerry; Saks, Mike (Ed.). Health professions and the state in Europe. Londres, Routledge, págs. 7-24, 1995.

Kimerling, Elise. Civil Rights and Social Policy in Soviet Russia, 1918-1936. Russian Review, Nº 1, pág. 24-46, vol. 41, enero 1982.

Kiralfy, A. K. R. Recent Legal Changes in the USSR. Soviet Studies, Nº 1, pág.1-19, vol. 9, julho. 1957.

Lenin, Vladimir Illich. Obras Completas. Buenos Aires, Editorial Cartago, 1960.

Lissitzyn, O. J. Recent Soviet Literature on International Law. American Slavic and East European Review, Nº 4, pág. 257-273, vol. 11, dezembro, 1952.

Perkin, Harold. The Rise of Professional Society. England Since 1880, Londres y Nueva York, Routledge, 1989.

Sarfatti Larson, Magali. El poder de los expertos: ciencia y educación de masas como fundamentos de una ideología. Revista de Educación. Nº 285, Madrid, janeiro-abril, 1988.

Sarfatti Larson, Magali. The rise of professionalism: a sociological analysis, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1977.

Schettini, Cristiana. Hacia la historia social de los abogados: una visión del caso brasileño. Anuario IEHS Nº 21, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina, 2006.

Schlesinger, Rudolf. A Soviet Theory of the Law of Evidence. Soviet Studies, Nº 1, pág. 74-78, vol. 1, junho, 1949.

------------------------: “The Practice of Soviet Justice”, Soviet Studies, Nº 3, pág. 305, vol. 9, Janeiro 1958.

------------------------: “The Discussions on Strogovichs Book on Criminal Procedure”, Soviet Studies, enero 1950, Nº 3, pág. 200-209, vol. 1.

------------------------: “Soviet Criminal Law”, Soviet Studies, abril 1952, Nº 4, pág. 408-410, vol. 3.

------------------------: “New Approaches to Questions of Law”, Soviet Studies, octubre 1953, Nº 2, pág. 213-220, vol. 5.

------------------------: “Soviet Lawyers on the Problems of the Legal System – I”, Soviet Studies, octubre 1955, Nº 2, pág. 164-182, vol. 7.

------------------------: “Soviet Lawyers on the Problems of the Legal System – II”, Soviet Studies, enero 1956, Nº 3, pág. 332-342, vol. 7.

------------------------: “The Practice of Soviet Justice”, Soviet Studies, enero 1958, Nº 3, pág. 299-322, vol. 9.

------------------------: “The Discussion on Criminal Law and Procedure”, Soviet Studies, enero 1959, Nº 3, pág. 293-306, vol. 10.

------------------------: “The Criminal Code of the RSFSR”, Soviet Studies, abril 1961, Nº 4, pág. 456-464, vol. 12.

Schudson, Michael, “A discussion of Magali Sarfatti Larson’s ‘The rise of professionalism: a sociological analysis’”, Theory and Society, Nº 9, 1980, pp. 215-229.

Schudson, Michael, “A discussion of Magali Sarfatti Larson’s ‘The rise of professionalism: a sociological analysis’”, Theory and Society, 1980, Nº 9.

Shapiro, Isaac: “The Soviet Bar: Past and Present”, Russian Review, abril, Nº 2, pág. 143-150, vol. 20, 1961.

Soljenitsin, Alexander: Archipiélago GULAG, 1918-1956, Barcelona, Plaza & Janés, 1974.

Solomon Jr., Peter H.: “Soviet Penal Policy, 1917-1934: A Reinterpretation”, Slavic Review, junio 1980, Nº 2, pág. 195-217, vol. 39.

-------------------------: “Criminalization and Decriminalization in Soviet Criminal Policy, 1917-1941”, Law & Society Review, Nº 1, vol. 16, 1981-82.

-------------------------: “Local Political Power and Soviet Criminal Justice 1922-41”, Soviet Studies, julio 1985, Nº 3, pág. 305-329, vol. 37.

---------------------------: Soviet Criminal Justice under Stalin, Cambridge y New York, Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Taylor, Pauline B.: “Soviet Courts in the Social Complex”, Russian Review, enero 1964, Nº 1, pág. 49-56, vol. 23.

----------------------: “Treason Espionage and Other Soviet State Crimes”, Russian Review, julio, 1964, Nº 3, pág. 247-258, vol. 23.

Timasheff, N. S.: “Soviet Jurisprudence since World War II”, Russian Review, octubre 1952, Nº 4, pág. 233-240, vol. 11.

--------------------: “The Impact of the Penal Law of Imperial Russia on Soviet Penal Law”, American Slavic and East European Review, Nº 4, pág. 441-462, vol. 12, diciembre 1953.

Stalin, José: Obras Completas, Moscú, Edición en Lenguas Extranjeras, 1953.

Traverso, Enzo: “El totalitarismo. Usos y abusos de un concepto” en Feierstein, Daniel, Genocidio. La administración de la muerte en la modernidad, Buenos Aires, Eduntref, 2005.

Vishniak, Mark: “Sovereignty in Soviet Law”, Russian Review, enero 1949, Nº 1, pág. 34-45, vol. 8.

Zimmermann, Eduardo, “The Education of Lawyers and Judges in Argentina's Organización Nacional (1860-1880)”, en Judicial Institutions in Nineteenth Century Latin America, Londres, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1999.

Published

31.07.2024

How to Cite

WOZNIAK, Jorge. Legal profession and legal system in the first decades of the Soviet State (1917-1956). InSURgência: revista de direitos e movimentos sociais [InSURgence: rights and social movements journal], Brasília, v. 10, n. 2, p. 449–478, 2024. DOI: 10.26512/revistainsurgncia.v10i2.54404. Disponível em: https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/insurgencia/article/view/54404. Acesso em: 24 nov. 2024.

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.