Theory of Active Minorities:
Premises, Concepts and Development
Keywords:
Active minorities theory, Social influence, Functionalist model, Genetic modelAbstract
This paper reviews the present studies in the literature concerning the Active Minorities Theory (AMT), by
Serge Moscovici, arranging them in a theoretical framework. Considering its historical-analytic context, the AMT is located
in the social influence field. The functionalistic and genetic models which are in the basis of theoretical interpretations are
analysed. The establishment of AMT is focused in terms of its premises, explainable categories, research field and development.
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References
Asch, S.E. (1960). Psicologia social (Vol. 2). São Paulo: Cia.
Editora Nacional.
Billig, M. (1976). Social psychology and intergroup relations,
London: Academic Press.
Billig, M. (1984). Political ideology: Social psychological aspects.
Em H. Tajfel (Org.), The social dimension (pp. 449-465). New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Byrne, D. & Close, G.L. (1967). Effective arousal and attraction.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 638.
Del Prette, A. (1993). Comportamento coletivo como fenômeno
psicológico-social. Psicologia: Argumento, 11, 11-24.
Doms, M. & VanAvermaet, E. (1980). Majority influence, minority
influence and conversion behavior: A replication. Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 283-292,
Forgas, J.P. (1990). Affective influence on individual and group
judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 441-
453.
Hollander, E.P. (1960). Competence and conformity in the acceptance
of influencer. Journal of Ahnormal and Social Psychology,
61, 360-367.
Israel, J. (1972). Stipulations and construction in the social sciences.
Em J. Israel & H. Tajfel (Orgs.), The context of social psychology
(pp. 123-211). New York: Academic Press.
Jurberg, M.B. (1991). Minorias ativas e influência social. Anais do
3° Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Intercâmbio Científico,
Águas de São Pedro: ANPEPP, 171-177.
Latané, B. (1981). The psychology of social impact. American
Psychologist, 36, 343-356.
Latané, B. & Wolf, S. (1981). The social impact of majorities and
minorities. Psychological Review, 88, 438-453.
Leme, M.A.V.S. (1991). O músico independente: um estudo de um
movimento social. Anais do 3oSimpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa
e Intercâmbio Científico, Águas de São Pedro: ANPEPP, 178-
182.
Leyens, J.P. (1988). Psicologia social. Lisboa: Edições 70.
Maass, A & Clark III, R.D. (1983). Internalization versus compliance:
Differential processes underlying minority influence and
conformity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13,45-55.
Maass, A. & Clark III, R.D. (1984). The hidden impact of minorities:
Fourteen years of minority influence research. Psychological
Bulletin, 95, 423-450.
Maass, A., Clark III, R.D. & Haberkorn, G. (1982). The effects of
differential ascribed category membership and norms on minority
influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 12,
89-104.
Moscovici, S. (1972). Society and theory in social psychology. Em
J. Israel & H. Tajfel (Orgs.), The context of social psychology
(pp. 17-68). New York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. (1976). Social influence and social change. New
York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. (1979). Psychologie des minorités actives. Paris:
Press Universitaire de France.
Moscovici, S. (1980). Toward a theory of conversion behavior. Em
L. Berkowitz (Org.). Advances in experimental social psychology
(Vol. XIII, pp. 209-239). New York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. & Faucheaux, C. (1972). Social influence, conforming
bias, and study of active minorities. Em L. Berkowitz
(Org.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. VI,
pp. 150-202). New York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. & Lage, E. (1976). Studies in social influence: III.
Majority versus minority influence in a group. European Journal
of Social Psychology, 6, 149-174.
Moscovici, S. & Lage, E. (1978). Studies in social influence in
context of original judgement. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 8, 349-365.
Moscovici, S., Lage, E. & Naffrechoux, M. (1969). Influence of a
consistent minority on the response of a majority a collor
perspective task. Sociometry, 32, 365-379.
Moscovici, S. & Neve, P. (1973). Studies in social influence II:
Instrumental and symbolic behavior. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 3, 461-47'4.
Moscovici, S. & Personnaz, B. (1980). Minority influence and
conversion behavior in a perceptual task. Journal of Social
Psychology, 16, 272-282.
Moscovici, S. & Personnaz, B. (1991). Studies in social influence
VI: Is Lenin orange or red? Imagery and social influence.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 101-118.
Mugny, G. (1975). Negotiation, image of the other and process of
minority influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5,
209-220.
Mugny, G. (1979). A rejoinder to Paicheler: The influence of
reactionary minorities. European Journal of Social Psychology,
9, 223-225.
Mugny, G (1982). The power of minorities. New York: Academic
Press.
Mugny, G. (1984a). El poder de Ias minorias. Madri: Editorial
Alianza.
Mugny, G. (1984b). The influence of minorities: Ten years later.
Em H. Tajfel (Org.), The social dimension (Vol. II, 498-514).
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mugny, G., Kaiser, C, Papastamou, S. & Perez, J.A. (1984).
Intergroup relations, identifícation and social influence. British
Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 317-322.
Nemeth, C, Swedlund, M. & Kanki, B. (1974). Patterning of the
minority's responses and their influence on the majority. European
Journal of Social Psychology, 4, 53-64.
Nemeth, C. & Wachtler, J. (1973). Consistency and modification
of judgement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9,
65-79.
Paicheler, G. (1977). Norms and attitude change: II. The fenomenon
of bipolarization. European Journal of Social Psychology, 7,
5-14.
Sachadev, I. & Bourhis, R.Y. (1991). Power and status differentials
in minority and majority group relations. European Journal of
Social Psychology, 21, 1-24.
Sampson, E.E. (1981). Cognitive psychology as ideology. American
Psychologist, 36, 730-743.
Sigall, H. (1970). The effects of competition and consensual validation
on a comunicator's leaking for the audience. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 16,25]-258.
Sorrentino, R.M., King, G. & Leo, G. (1980). The influence of the
minority on perception: A note on a possible alternative explanation.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 293-
301.
Steiner, I.D. (1974). Whatever happened to the group in social
psychology? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10,
94-108.
Tajfel, H. (1972). Experiments in a vacuum. Em J. Israel & H. Tajfel
(Orgs.), The context of social psychology: A criticai assessment
(pp. 69-119). New York: Academic Press.
Tajfel, H. (1979). Individuais and groups in social psychology.
British Journal of Social and Clinicai Psychology, 18,183-190.
Tanford, S. & Penrod, S. (1984). Social influence model: A formal
integration of research on majority and minority influence
process. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 189-225.
Zimbardo, P.G. & Leippe, M.R. (1991) The psychology of altitudes
change and social influence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wahrman, R. & Pugh, M.D. (1972). Competence and conformity:
Another look at Hollander' study. Sociometry, 35, 370-386.
Editora Nacional.
Billig, M. (1976). Social psychology and intergroup relations,
London: Academic Press.
Billig, M. (1984). Political ideology: Social psychological aspects.
Em H. Tajfel (Org.), The social dimension (pp. 449-465). New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Byrne, D. & Close, G.L. (1967). Effective arousal and attraction.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 638.
Del Prette, A. (1993). Comportamento coletivo como fenômeno
psicológico-social. Psicologia: Argumento, 11, 11-24.
Doms, M. & VanAvermaet, E. (1980). Majority influence, minority
influence and conversion behavior: A replication. Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 283-292,
Forgas, J.P. (1990). Affective influence on individual and group
judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 441-
453.
Hollander, E.P. (1960). Competence and conformity in the acceptance
of influencer. Journal of Ahnormal and Social Psychology,
61, 360-367.
Israel, J. (1972). Stipulations and construction in the social sciences.
Em J. Israel & H. Tajfel (Orgs.), The context of social psychology
(pp. 123-211). New York: Academic Press.
Jurberg, M.B. (1991). Minorias ativas e influência social. Anais do
3° Simpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Intercâmbio Científico,
Águas de São Pedro: ANPEPP, 171-177.
Latané, B. (1981). The psychology of social impact. American
Psychologist, 36, 343-356.
Latané, B. & Wolf, S. (1981). The social impact of majorities and
minorities. Psychological Review, 88, 438-453.
Leme, M.A.V.S. (1991). O músico independente: um estudo de um
movimento social. Anais do 3oSimpósio Brasileiro de Pesquisa
e Intercâmbio Científico, Águas de São Pedro: ANPEPP, 178-
182.
Leyens, J.P. (1988). Psicologia social. Lisboa: Edições 70.
Maass, A & Clark III, R.D. (1983). Internalization versus compliance:
Differential processes underlying minority influence and
conformity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13,45-55.
Maass, A. & Clark III, R.D. (1984). The hidden impact of minorities:
Fourteen years of minority influence research. Psychological
Bulletin, 95, 423-450.
Maass, A., Clark III, R.D. & Haberkorn, G. (1982). The effects of
differential ascribed category membership and norms on minority
influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 12,
89-104.
Moscovici, S. (1972). Society and theory in social psychology. Em
J. Israel & H. Tajfel (Orgs.), The context of social psychology
(pp. 17-68). New York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. (1976). Social influence and social change. New
York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. (1979). Psychologie des minorités actives. Paris:
Press Universitaire de France.
Moscovici, S. (1980). Toward a theory of conversion behavior. Em
L. Berkowitz (Org.). Advances in experimental social psychology
(Vol. XIII, pp. 209-239). New York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. & Faucheaux, C. (1972). Social influence, conforming
bias, and study of active minorities. Em L. Berkowitz
(Org.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. VI,
pp. 150-202). New York: Academic Press.
Moscovici, S. & Lage, E. (1976). Studies in social influence: III.
Majority versus minority influence in a group. European Journal
of Social Psychology, 6, 149-174.
Moscovici, S. & Lage, E. (1978). Studies in social influence in
context of original judgement. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 8, 349-365.
Moscovici, S., Lage, E. & Naffrechoux, M. (1969). Influence of a
consistent minority on the response of a majority a collor
perspective task. Sociometry, 32, 365-379.
Moscovici, S. & Neve, P. (1973). Studies in social influence II:
Instrumental and symbolic behavior. European Journal of Social
Psychology, 3, 461-47'4.
Moscovici, S. & Personnaz, B. (1980). Minority influence and
conversion behavior in a perceptual task. Journal of Social
Psychology, 16, 272-282.
Moscovici, S. & Personnaz, B. (1991). Studies in social influence
VI: Is Lenin orange or red? Imagery and social influence.
European Journal of Social Psychology, 21, 101-118.
Mugny, G. (1975). Negotiation, image of the other and process of
minority influence. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5,
209-220.
Mugny, G. (1979). A rejoinder to Paicheler: The influence of
reactionary minorities. European Journal of Social Psychology,
9, 223-225.
Mugny, G (1982). The power of minorities. New York: Academic
Press.
Mugny, G. (1984a). El poder de Ias minorias. Madri: Editorial
Alianza.
Mugny, G. (1984b). The influence of minorities: Ten years later.
Em H. Tajfel (Org.), The social dimension (Vol. II, 498-514).
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mugny, G., Kaiser, C, Papastamou, S. & Perez, J.A. (1984).
Intergroup relations, identifícation and social influence. British
Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 317-322.
Nemeth, C, Swedlund, M. & Kanki, B. (1974). Patterning of the
minority's responses and their influence on the majority. European
Journal of Social Psychology, 4, 53-64.
Nemeth, C. & Wachtler, J. (1973). Consistency and modification
of judgement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9,
65-79.
Paicheler, G. (1977). Norms and attitude change: II. The fenomenon
of bipolarization. European Journal of Social Psychology, 7,
5-14.
Sachadev, I. & Bourhis, R.Y. (1991). Power and status differentials
in minority and majority group relations. European Journal of
Social Psychology, 21, 1-24.
Sampson, E.E. (1981). Cognitive psychology as ideology. American
Psychologist, 36, 730-743.
Sigall, H. (1970). The effects of competition and consensual validation
on a comunicator's leaking for the audience. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 16,25]-258.
Sorrentino, R.M., King, G. & Leo, G. (1980). The influence of the
minority on perception: A note on a possible alternative explanation.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 293-
301.
Steiner, I.D. (1974). Whatever happened to the group in social
psychology? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10,
94-108.
Tajfel, H. (1972). Experiments in a vacuum. Em J. Israel & H. Tajfel
(Orgs.), The context of social psychology: A criticai assessment
(pp. 69-119). New York: Academic Press.
Tajfel, H. (1979). Individuais and groups in social psychology.
British Journal of Social and Clinicai Psychology, 18,183-190.
Tanford, S. & Penrod, S. (1984). Social influence model: A formal
integration of research on majority and minority influence
process. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 189-225.
Zimbardo, P.G. & Leippe, M.R. (1991) The psychology of altitudes
change and social influence. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wahrman, R. & Pugh, M.D. (1972). Competence and conformity:
Another look at Hollander' study. Sociometry, 35, 370-386.
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Published
2012-09-24
How to Cite
Del Prette, A. (2012). Theory of Active Minorities:: Premises, Concepts and Development. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 11(2), 145–153. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17242
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