El impacto de la guerra en el sector turístico ucraniano
Retos globales e implicaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/rev.cenario.v13i1.56711Palabras clave:
industria turística, Gestión de crisis, Impacto económico de la guerra, Apoyo internacional, Restauración del turismo tras la guerra. a guerraResumen
El artículo examina el desarrollo de la industria turística en el contexto de la guerra en Ucrania. Considera los retos globales para el negocio turístico en el contexto de un desequilibrio de seguridad y analiza la sostenibilidad y adaptabilidad del turismo en Ucrania en el contexto del estallido de las hostilidades. También esboza las perspectivas y orientaciones para la reactivación y el desarrollo de la industria turística en el periodo de posguerra. El artículo pretende estudiar el impacto de la guerra en Ucrania en la formación de retos globales en el ámbito del turismo, analizar el alcance de los daños causados, los problemas y peculiaridades del desarrollo de la industria turística en el contexto de la guerra, y evaluar la sostenibilidad socioeconómica del negocio turístico y las perspectivas de su recuperación en la posguerra. Para redactar el artículo se utilizaron los siguientes métodos de investigación: métodos abstractos y lógicos para resumir los planteamientos científicos sobre el impacto de la guerra en la situación y el desarrollo del turismo mundial, métodos de sistematización para identificar las barreras y amenazas que se ciernen sobre el negocio turístico en tiempos de guerra, y métodos de análisis estadístico para evaluar los indicadores de desarrollo turístico a escala mundial y nacional. Para evaluar la sostenibilidad económica y social del turismo, el autor propone un enfoque propio que combina el método de índices y el de series temporales para comparar las tasas de crecimiento de los indicadores económicos y sociales de la industria turística con indicadores similares de la economía en su conjunto durante un periodo determinado. Los indicadores utilizados fueron: indicadores sociales del desarrollo turístico (número de empleados, salario medio) e indicadores económicos (ventas de servicios turísticos, inversiones de capital y rentabilidad). Los resultados del análisis mostraron una resistencia económica relativamente alta del turismo en Ucrania durante los últimos seis años, a pesar de las importantes turbulencias asociadas a la pandemia COVID-19 y a la guerra, debido a la gran movilidad y adaptabilidad del negocio turístico. La sostenibilidad social es comparativamente menor, ya que este sector recurre a numerosas adaptaciones del personal.
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