Whale watching in Brazil

Auteurs-es

  • Rosany Rossi Pereira Gomes MSc in Environment, Technology, and Society, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region - Ufersa, Mossoró, RN, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5981-6790
  • Vitor de Oliveira Lunardi Ph.D. in Ecology, Professor, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region - Ufersa, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-382X
  • Diana Gonçalves Lunardi Ph.D. in Psychobiology, Professor, Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region - Ufersa, Mossoró, RN, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5535-2917

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v13n2.2022.43038

Mots-clés :

Baleia, Ecoturismo, Golfinho, Mamíferos aquáticos, Unidades de conservação

Résumé

This study aims to investigate whale-watching in Brazil, based on a survey of their areas of occurrence, key species and current rules and regulations. The methodology includes an extensive literature review on areas where cetaceans occur in Brazil, dolphin and whale-watching, legal instruments and codes of conduct for the planning of this activity. A search for reference areas for whale watching was carried out on the homepage of tour operators and agencies. Data collection took place through phone contact, e-mail and social networks of agencies and tour operators. In this study, seven key cetacean species for ecotourism were identified, 29 reference areas, with 79% included in Protected Areas. The results of this study will be able to support actions of monitoring and inspection of whale-watching, aiming at its management and the protection of these animals.

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Bibliographies de l'auteur-e

Rosany Rossi Pereira Gomes, MSc in Environment, Technology, and Society, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region - Ufersa, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

MSc in Environment, Technology and Society from the Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA). Graduated in Environmental Management from the University of Rio Grande do Norte State (UERN).

Vitor de Oliveira Lunardi, Ph.D. in Ecology, Professor, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region - Ufersa, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.

PhD in Ecology, MSc in Ecology and Natural Resources, Graduated in Biological Sciences and Professor at the Department of Biosciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. He coordinates scientific projects in animal ecology and conservation biology.

Diana Gonçalves Lunardi, Ph.D. in Psychobiology, Professor, Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region - Ufersa, Mossoró, RN, Brazil

PhD in Psychobiology, MSc in Ecology, graduated in Biological Sciences and Professor at the Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. She coordinates projects that aim to support biodiversity conservation and ecotourism in protected natural areas.

Références

AÇORES. Decreto Legislativo Regional nº 10, de 22 de março de 2003. Altera o Decreto Legislativo Regional nº 9/99/A, de 22 de março (observação de cetáceos). Available at: http://pt.artazores.com/legislacao/DLR_10_2003_A.pdf. Access in: 27 mar. 2021.

AGRELO, M. et al. Spatial behavioural response of coastal bottlenose dolphins to habitat disturbance in southern Brazil. Aquatic Conservation: marine and freshwater ecosystems, v. 29, n. 11, p. 1949-1958, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3188

ALVES, L. C. P. S. et al. As atividades turísticas baseadas na alimentação artificial de botos-da-Amazônia (Inia geoffrensis) e a legislação ambiental brasileira.

Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, v. 28, p. 89-106, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/dma.v28i0.31511

AUSTRALIA. Environment protection and biodiversity conservation regulations 2000. Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2020C00778. Access in: 04 abr. 2021.

BEJDER, L. et al. Low energy expenditure and resting behaviour of humpback whale mother-calf pairs highlights conservation importance of sheltered breeding areas. Scientific Reports, v. 9, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36870-7

BRASIL. Decreto nº 90.347, de 23 de outubro de 1984. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/atos/decretos/1984/d90347.html. Access in: 25 jan. 2021.

BRASIL. Lei nº 7.643, de 18 de dezembro de 1987. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l7643.htm#:~:text=LEI%20N%C2%BA%207.643%2C%20DE%2018,brasileiras%2C%20e%20d%C3%A1%20outras%20provid%C3%AAncias. Access in: 25 jan. 2021.

BRASIL. Lei nº 9.985, de 18 de julho de 2000a. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9985.htm. Access in: 25 jan. 2021.

BRASIL. Decreto s/n, de 14 de setembro de 2000b. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/dnn/2000/dnn9027.htm. Access in: 12 abr. 2021.

BRASIL. Decreto nº 6.698, de 17 de dezembro de 2008. Available at: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2007-2010/2008/decreto/d6698.htm. Access in: 01 mai. 2021.

BRAZIL. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Portaria MMA nº 148, de 07 de junho de 2022. Available at: https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/portaria-mma-n-148-de-7-de-junho-de-2022-406272733. Access in: 20 jun. 2022.

BRUMATTI, P. N. M. O papel do turismo de observação da vida selvagem para a conservação da natureza. Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo (RBEcotur), v. 6, n. 4, p. 191-206, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34024/rbecotur.2013.v6.6377

CANANÉIA-SP. Lei nº 2.129, de 21 de dezembro de 2011. Available at: https://cananeia.sp.gov.br/joomla/images/stories/atos_oficiais/leis/2011/2129.pdf. Access in: 27 mar. 2021.

CECHINEL, A. et al. Estudo/análise documental: uma revisão teórica e metodológica. Revista Criar Educação, v. 5, n. 1, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18616/ce.v5i1.2446

CEMAAM. Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente do estado do Amazonas. Resolução nº 28, de 22 de janeiro de 2018. Available at: http://meioambiente.am.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/28.-RESOLU%C3%87%C3%83O-N-28-INTERA%C3%87%C3%83O-COM-BOTOS-VERMELHOS.pdf. Access in: 27 mar. 2021.

CHALCOBSKY, A.; CRESPO, E. A.; COSCARELLA, M. A. Short-term effects of whale-watching boats on the movement patterns of southern right whales in Península Valdés, Patagonia, Argentina. Marine Environmental Research, v. 157, p. e104927, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104927

CHUBUT. Decreto nº 167, de 29 de febrero de 2008. Available at:

https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wwhandbook/guideline-documents/Argentina_Ley-No-5714-WW-Regulations-for-the-Chubut-Province_Spanish.pdf. Access in: 27 mar. 2021.

DUTRA, G. F. et al. A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the Abrolhos Bank, Bahia, Brazil. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science (CABS), 2006. Available at: http://3.13.142.99/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=10204. Access in: 27 jun. 2022.

FERNANDES, L.; ROSSI-SANTOS, M. R. An integrated framework to assess the carrying capacity of humpback whale-watching tourism in Praia do Forte, northeastern Brazil. In: ROSSI-SANTOS, M.; FINKL, C. (Org.). Advances in Marine Vertebrate Research in Latin America. Coastal Research Library, v. 22. Springer, Cham, 2018. p. 41-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56985-7_3

FIORI, L. et al. Effects of whale-based tourism in Vava’u, Kingdom of Tonga: behavioural responses of humpback whales to vessel and swimming tourism activities. Plos One, v. 14, n. 7, p. e0219364, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219364

FUMAGALLI, M. et al. Behavioural responses of spinner dolphins to human interactions. Royal Society Open Science, v. 5, n. 4, p. e172044, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172044

GARCÍA-CEGARRA, A. M.; PACHECO, A. S. Whale-watching trips in Peru lead to increases in tourist knowledge, pro-conservation intentions and tourist concern for the impacts of whale-watching on humpback whales. Aquatic Conservation: marine and freshwater ecosystems, v. 27, n. 5, p. 1011-1020, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2754

GROCH, K. Conservation advances for the southern right whales in Brazil. In: ROSSI-SANTOS, M.; FINKL, C. (Org.). Advances in Marine Vertebrate Research in Latin America. Springer, Cham, 2018. p. 441-475. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56985-7_16

GUIDINO, C. et al. Whale-watching in Northern Peru: an economic boom? Tourism in Marine Environments, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427320X15819596320544

IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Portaria nº 2.306, de 22 de novembro de 1990. Available at: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/cepsul/images/stories/legislacao/Portaria/1990/p_ibama_2306_1990_proibemolestamentointencionaltodaespeciecetaceo.pdf. Access in: 30 mar. 2021.

IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Portaria nº 5-N, de 25 de janeiro de 1995. Available at: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/cepsul/images/stories/legislacao/Portaria/1995/p_ibama_05_1995_regulamentaprotecaogolfinhos_fernandonoronha.pdf. Access in: 30 mar. 2021.

IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Portaria nº 117, de 26 de dezembro de 1996. Available at:

https://www1.icmbio.gov.br/parnaabrolhos/images/stories/legislacao/legislacao.pdf.

Access in: 30 mar. 2021.

IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Portaria nº 5-N, de 20 de janeiro de 1998. Available at: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/cepsul/images/stories/legislacao/Portaria/1998/p_ibama_05_1998_regulamentaapaanhatomirim_sc.pdf. Access in: 30 mar. 2021.

IBAMA. Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis. Portaria nº 24, de 08 de fevereiro de 2002. Available at: http://www.ibama.gov.br/sophia/cnia/legislacao/IBAMA/PT0024-080202.PDF.

Access in: 25 jan. 2021.

IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Atlas geográfico das zonas costeiras e oceânicas do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 2011. Available at: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv55263.pdf. Access in: 30 abr. 2021.

ICMBIO. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Portaria nº 07, de 03 de janeiro de 2017. Available at: https://www.in.gov.br/materia/-/asset_publisher/Kujrw0TZC2Mb/content/id/20579700/do1-2017-01-11-portaria-n-7-de-3-de-janeiro-de-2017-20579579. Access in: 22 mar. 2021.

ICMBIO. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Portaria nº 1.112, de 17 de dezembro de 2018. Available at:

https://www.in.gov.br/materia/-/asset_publisher/Kujrw0TZC2Mb/content/id/56415732. Access in: 22 mar. 2021.

ICMBIO. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Guia ilustrado de identificação de cetáceos e sirênios do Brasil – ICMBio/CMA. Brasília, DF, 2019. Available at: https://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/comunicacao/publicacoes/publicacoesdiversas/guia_ilustrado_de_identificacao_de_cetaceos_e_sirenios_do_brasil_icmbio_cma_2ed.pdf. Access in: 01 mai. 2021.

IUCN. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Status of the world's cetaceans. Available at: https://iucn-csg.org/status-of-the-worlds%20cetaceans/#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20cetacean%20species,on%20the%20IUCN%20Red%20List.&text=The%20vaquita%20(Phocoena%20sinus)%2C,is%20listed%20as%20critically%20endangered. Access in: 29 jun. 2022.

KASSAMALI-FOX, A. et al. Tour boats affect the activity patterns of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. PeerJ, v. 8, p. e8804, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8804

LUNARDI, D. G. et al. Avaliação do turismo de observação de botos-cinza na Reserva Faunística Costeira de Tibau do Sul (Refauts), Rio Grande do Norte, BRAZIL. Sustentabilidade em Debate, v. 8, n. 1, p. 40-53, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v8n1.2017.20213

MACEDO, H. S. et al. Have you seen the dolphins? Dolphin watching participatory monitoring in a brazilian multiple-use marine protected area. In: HUMPHREYS, J.; CLARK, R. W. E. (Org.). Marine Protected Areas, Elsevier, 2020, p. 361-378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102698-4.00019-8

MANGARATIBA-RJ. Lei nº 832, de 26 de outubro de 2012. Available at: http://www.mangaratiba.rj.gov.br/portal/arquivos/atos-oficiais/leis-2012/pmm-lei-8322012.PDF. Access in: 23 abr. 2021.

MANGARATIBA-RJ. Lei nº 940, de 08 de outubro de 2014. Available at: https://www.mangaratiba.rj.gov.br/portal/arquivos/atos-oficiais/leis-2014/pmm-lei-9402014.pdf. Access in: 23 abr. 2021.

MAREGA-IMAMURA, M. et al. Behavioral responses of Sotalia guianensis (Cetartiodactyla, Delphinidae) to boat approaches in northeast Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 46, n. 2, p. 268-279, 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol46-issue2-fulltext-3

MPF. Ministério Público Federal. Recomendação nº 06/2021. 2021. PR-RN-00025168/2021. Available at: https://apps.mpf.mp.br/aptusmpf/protected/download/recuperarIntegra?modulo=0&sistema=portal-reco&id=58182759. Access in: 29 jun. 2022.

NEW ZEALAND. Marine mammals protection regulations 1992. Available at: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/wwhandbook/guideline-documents/New-Zealand-Marine-Mammals-Protection-Regulations-1992.pdf. Access in: 23 abr. 2021.

NOTHEN, M. R. Proteção e desenvolvimento da Amazônia Azul: análise estratégica de um projeto marítimo brasileiro para o Século XXI. Revista Política Hoje, v. 24, n. 1, p. 117-134, 2015.

PARANAGUÁ-PR. Lei Ordinária nº 3.833, de 04 de julho de 2019. Available at: https://leismunicipais.com.br/a1/pr/p/paranagua/lei-ordinaria/2019/384/3833/lei-ordinaria-n-3833-2019-dispoe-sobre-a-regulamentacao-para-o-poder-executivo-criar-e-explorar-as-atividades-com-fins-comerciais-de-turismo-lazer-e-esporte-nautico-dentro-do-municipio-de-paranagua?r=p. Access in: 16 abr. 2021.

RENAULT-BRAGA, E. P. et al. Area usage estimation and spatiotemporal variability in distribution patterns of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis, of southern Brazil. Marine Ecology, v. 39, n. 3, p. e12506, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/maec.12506

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE. Decreto n° 14.369, de 22 de março de 1999. Available at: http://adcon.rn.gov.br/ACERVO/idema/DOC/DOC000000000014307.PDF. Access in: 23 jun. 2022.

SECCHI, E.; SANTOS, M. C. O.; REEVES, R. Sotalia guianensis (errata version published in 2019). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018,

p. e.T181359A144232542. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T181359A144232542.en. Access in: 24 fev. 2021.

SILVA, M. M. S. et al. Percepção de atores sociais como subsídio ao zoneamento ambiental de uma unidade de conservação costeira no Nordeste do Brasil. Raega – O Espaço Geográfico em Análise, v. 50, p. 84-106, 2021. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v50i0.67678

SITAR, A. et al. Tourists' perspectives on dolphin watching in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Tourism in Marine Environments, v. 12, n. 2, p. 79-94, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427316X14820977775343

SOTO-CORTÉS, L. V.; ACOSTA, A. L.; MAYA, D. L. Whale-watching management: assessment of sustainable governance in Uramba Bahía Málaga National Natural Park, Valle del Cauca. Frontiers in Marine Science, v. 8, p. e71, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.575866

SOUSA, A. S de; OLIVEIRA, G. S. de; ALVES, L. H. A pesquisa bibliográfica: princípios e fundamentos. Cadernos da Fucamp, v. 20, n. 43, 2021.

SPROGIS, K. R.; VIDESEN, S.; MADSEN, P. T. Vessel noise levels drive behavioural responses of humpback whales with implications for whale-watching. Elife, v. 9, p. e56760, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.56760

TIBAU DO SUL – RN. Lei Municipal nº 349, de 28 de dezembro de 2007?. Available at: https://tibaudosul.rn.leg.br/leis/lei-ordinaria-municipal/lei-municipal-no-349-de-28-de-dezembro-de-2007/view. Access in: 16 abr. 2021.

TISCHER, M. C. et al. Tourism growth altering spinner dolphins’ area of occupation in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, v. 45, n. 4, p. 807-813, 2017. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue4-fulltext-16

TISCHER, M. C. et al. A historical perspective on the life cycle of a tourist activity: dolphin watching in Brazil’s Fernando de Noronha archipelago. Ethnobiology and Conservation, v. 7, 2018. Available at: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8429-7646

TISCHER, M. C. et al. Dolphin watching tourists in Fernando de Noronha, Brazil: knowledge and conservation. Ocean & Coastal Management, v. 198, p. e105325, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105325

TOLEDO, G. A. C. et al. Epimeletic behavior of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) towards a calf supposedly killed by a motorboat in Brazil. Aquatic Mammals, v. 43, n. 6, p. 614-617, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.43.6.2017.614

VIDAL, M. D. et al. Ordenamento participativo do turismo com botos no Parque Nacional de Anavilhanas, Amazonas, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi – Ciências Naturais, v. 12, n. 1, p. 23-36, 2017. Available at: https://boletimcn.museugoeldi.br/bcnaturais/article/view/403. Access in: 15 abr. 2021.

VITÓRIA-ES. Decreto nº 17.342, de 03 de julho de 2018. Available at:

https://sistemas.vitoria.es.gov.br/webleis/Arquivos/2018/D17342.PDF. Access in: 15 abr. 2021.

Téléchargements

Publié-e

2022-08-30

Comment citer

Gomes, R. R. P. . ., Lunardi, V. de O. . ., & Lunardi, . D. G. . (2022). Whale watching in Brazil. Sustainability in Debate, 13(2), 123–155. https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v13n2.2022.43038

Numéro

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2022): Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate

Rubrique

Articles - Varia

Licence

(c) Tous droits réservés Sustainability in Debate 2022

Licence Creative Commons

Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.

SUSTAINABILITY IN DEBATE – Copyright Statement

The submission of original scientific work(s) by the authors, as the copyright holders of the text(s) sent to the journal, under the terms of Law 9.610/98, implies in the concession of copyrights of printed and/or digital publication to the Sustainability in Debate Journal of the article(s) approved for publication purposes, in a single issue of the journal. Furthermore, approved scientific work(s) will be released without any charge, or any kind of copyright reimbursement, through the journal’s website, for reading, printing and/or downloading of the text file, from the date of acceptance for publication purposes. Therefore, the authors, when submitting the article (s) to the journal, and gratuitous assignment of copyrights related to the submitted scientific work, are fully aware that they will not be remunerated for the publication of the article(s) in the journal.
The Sustainability in Debate Journal is licensed under Creative Commons License – Non-Commercial-No-Derivation Attribution (Derivative Work Ban) 3.0 Brazil, aiming at dissemination of scientific knowledge, as indicated on the journal's website, which allows the text to be shared, and be recognized in regards to its authorship and original publication in this journal.
Authors are allowed to sign additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the works published in the Sustainability in Debate Journal (for example, in a book chapter), provided that it is expressed the texts were originally published in this journal. Authors are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their text online, following publication in Sustainability in Debate (e.g. in institutional repositories or their personal pages). The authors expressly agree to the terms of this Copyright Statement, which will be applied following the submission and publishing by this journal.

 

Articles les plus lus du,de la,des même-s auteur-e-s