Attentional Bias in Drug Abuse:
Theory and Method
Keywords:
Attentional bias, Drug abuse, Emotional stroop task, Dot-probe taskAbstract
Attentional bias to drug-related cues can induce craving, decrease concentration on non-related drug tasks and increase vulnerability to relapse in drug addicts. The aim of this study is to discuss current theories and research methods about the attentional bias role on addictive behaviors. The literature review of Medline, Pubmed and Lilacs databases showed that the dot-probe task and the emotional Stroop test are among the main methods of attentional bias investigation. This review also pointed out the methodological limitations in attentional bias research, suggesting that this phenomenon should be studied under better controlled conditions, which should consider levels of dependence, withdrawal and craving. Further studies on attentional bias can help to understand cognitive processes that underlie addictive behaviors.
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References
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Robinson, T., & Berridge, K. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18, 247-291.
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Siegel, S. (1979). The role of conditioning in drug tolerance and addiction. Em J. D. Keehn (Ed.), Psychopathology in animals: Treatment and research implications (pp. 143-168). New York: Academic Press.
Stewart, J., deWit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). The role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91, 251-268.
Stormark, J. M., Laberg, J. C., Nordby, H., & Hugdahl, K. (2000). Alcoholics` selective attention to alcohol stimuli: Automated processing? Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 18-23.
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Tiffany, S. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: Role of automatic and non-automatic processes. Psychological Review, 97, 147-168.
Townshed, J. M., & Duka, T. (2001). Attentional bias with alcohol cues: Differences between heavy and occasional social drinkers. Psychopharmacology, 157, 67-74.
Waters, A. J., Sayette, M. A., & Wertz, J. M. (2003). Carry-over effects can modulate emotional Stroop effects. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 501-509.
Waters, H., & Green, M. (2003). A demonstration of attentional bias, using a novel dual task paradigm, towards clinically salient material in recovering alcohol abuse patients? Psychological Medicine, 33, 491-498.
Williams, J. M., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Buletinl, 120, 3-24.
Bradley, B. P., Moog, K., Wright, T., & Field, M. (2003). Attentional bias in drug dependence: Vigilance for cigarette-related cues in smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17, 66-72.
Bruce, G., & Jones, B. T. (2004). A pictorial Stroop paradigm reveals an alcohol attentional bias in heavier compared to lighter social drinkers. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 18, 527-33.
Catania, A. C. (1999). Aprendizagem: comportamento, linguagem e cognição (D. D. G. de Souza, Trad.). Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas. (Trabalho original publicado em 1992)
Cox, W. M., Brown, M. A., & Rowlands, L. J. (2003). The effects of alcohol cue exposure on non-dependent drinker’s attentional bias for alcohol-related stimuli. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 38, 45-49.
Cox, W. M., Yeates, N. G., & Regan, M. C. (1999). Effects of alcohol cues on cognitive processing in heavy e light drinkers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 55, 85-89.
Di Chiara, G. (2000). Role of dopamine in the behavioral actions of nicotine related to addiction. European Journal of Pharmacology, 392, 295-314.
Dobson, K .S., & Dozois, D. J. (2004). Attentional biases in eating disorders: A meta-analytic review of Stroop performance. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1001-1022.
Ehrman, R. N., Robbins, S. J., Bromwell, M. A., Lankford, M. E., Monterosso, J. R., & O’Brien, C. P. (2002). Comparing attentional bias to smoking cues in current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers using a dot-probe task. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 67, 185-191.
Everitt, B. J., Dickinson, A., & Robbins, T. W. (2001). The neuropychological basis of addictive behavior. Brains Research Review, 36, 129-138.
Field, M., & Cox, W. M. (2008). Attentional bias in addictive behaviors: A review of its development, causes, and consequences. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 97, 1-20.
Field, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2004a). Cognitive bias and drug craving in recreational cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Dependence, 74, 105-11.
Field, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2004b). Eye movements to smoking cues: Effects of nicotine deprivation. Psychopharmacology, 173, 116-123.
Field, M., Mogg, K., Zatteler, J., & Bradley, B. (2004). Attentional biases for alcohol cues in heavy and light social drinkers: The roles of initial orienting and maintained attention. Psychoparmacology, 176, 88-93.
Johnsen, H. B., Laberg, C. J., Cox, M. W., Vaksdal, A., & Hugdahl, K. (1994). Alcoholic subjects’ attentional bias in the processing of alcohol-related words. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 8, 111-115.
Lopes, F. M., Peuker, A.C., & Bizarro, L. (2008). Viés atencional em fumantes. Psico (PUCRS), 39, 382-390.
Lubman, D. I., Peters, L. A., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Deakin, J. F. W. (2000). Attentional bias for drug cues in opiate dependence. Psychological Medicine, 30, 169-175.
Lusher, J., Chandler, C., & Ball, D. (2004). Alcohol dependence and the alcohol Stroop paradigm: Evidence and issues. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 75, 225-231.
Marlatt, G. A. (1985). Cognitive factors in relapse process. Em G. A. Marlatt & J. R. Gordon (Orgs.), Relapse prevention (pp. 128-200). New York: Guilford.
McLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 15-20.
Mineka, S., & Sutton, S. K. (1992). Cognitive biases and the emotional disorders. Psychological Science, 3, 65-69.
Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Field, M., & De Houwer, J. (2003). Eye movements to smoking related pictures in smokers: Relationship between attentional biases and implicit and explicit measures of stimulus valence. Addiction, 98, 825-836.
Mogg, K. & Bradley, B. P. (1992). Selective processing of smoking-related cues in smokers: Manipulation of deprivation level and comparison of three measures of processing bias. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 16, 385-392.
Mogg, K., Field, M., & Bradley, B. P. (2005). Attentional and approach biases for smoking cues in smokers: An investigation of competing views of addiction. Psychopharmacology, 180, 333-341.
Mogg, K., Mathews, A., & Eysenck, M. (1992). Attentional bias to threat in clinical anxiety states. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 149-159.
Monti, P. M., Kadden, R. M., Rohsenow, D. J, Cooney, N. L., & Abrams, D. B. (2005). Tratando a dependência de álcool. Um guia de treinamento das habilidades de enfrentamento (M. G. Armando, Trad.). São Paulo: Roca. (Trabalho original publicado em 2002)
O’Brien, C. P., Childress, A. R., Ehrman, R., & Robbins, S. J. (1998). Conditioning factors in drug abuse: Can they explain compulsion? Journal of Psychopharmacology, 12, 15-22.
Robbins, S., & Ehrman, R. (2004). The role of attentional bias in substance abuse. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3, 243-260.
Robinson, T., & Berridge, K. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18, 247-291.
Robinson, T., & Berridge, K. (2003). Addiction. Annual Reviews Psychology, 54, 25-53.
Sayette, M. A., Martin, C. S., Wertz, J. M., Shiffman, S., & Perrot, M. A. (2001). A multi-dimensional analysis of cue-elicited craving in heavy smokers and tobacco chippers. Addiction, 96, 1419-1432.
Schoenmakers, T., Wiers, R., Jones, B., Bruce, G., & Jansen, A. (2007). Attentional re-training decreases attentional bias in heavy drinkers without generalization. Addiction, 102, 399-405.
Sharma, D., Albery, I. P., & Cook, C. (2001). Selective attentional bias to alcohol related stimuli in problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers. Addiction, 96, 85-295.
Siegel, S. (1979). The role of conditioning in drug tolerance and addiction. Em J. D. Keehn (Ed.), Psychopathology in animals: Treatment and research implications (pp. 143-168). New York: Academic Press.
Stewart, J., deWit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984). The role of unconditioned and conditioned drug effects in the self-administration of opiates and stimulants. Psychological Review, 91, 251-268.
Stormark, J. M., Laberg, J. C., Nordby, H., & Hugdahl, K. (2000). Alcoholics` selective attention to alcohol stimuli: Automated processing? Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61, 18-23.
Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
Tiffany, S. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: Role of automatic and non-automatic processes. Psychological Review, 97, 147-168.
Townshed, J. M., & Duka, T. (2001). Attentional bias with alcohol cues: Differences between heavy and occasional social drinkers. Psychopharmacology, 157, 67-74.
Waters, A. J., Sayette, M. A., & Wertz, J. M. (2003). Carry-over effects can modulate emotional Stroop effects. Cognition and Emotion, 17, 501-509.
Waters, H., & Green, M. (2003). A demonstration of attentional bias, using a novel dual task paradigm, towards clinically salient material in recovering alcohol abuse patients? Psychological Medicine, 33, 491-498.
Williams, J. M., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Buletinl, 120, 3-24.
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Published
2010-02-09
How to Cite
Peuker, A. C., Lopes, F. M., & Bizarro, L. (2010). Attentional Bias in Drug Abuse:: Theory and Method. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 25(4), 603. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17437
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Artigos Metodológicos
