Teoria da Sensibilidade ao Reforçamento: Pressupostos, Procedimentos e Medidas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e37218%20Palavras-chave:
Teoria da sensibilidade ao reforçamento, Medidas, Personalidade, CondicionamentoResumo
A Teoria da Sensibilidade ao Reforçamento (RST) é um modelo psicobiológico de personalidade derivado de estudos experimentais com humanos e não humanos. Na RST, duas dimensões de personalidade influenciam a reatividade ao ambiente: sensibilidade à recompensa (SR) e sensibilidade à punição (SP). O pressuposto central da teoria é de que há uma relação entre personalidade (SR e SP) e aprendizagem por condicionamento. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar aos pesquisadores brasileiros a história, as hipóteses centrais e os procedimentos experimentais da RST e discutir as medidas utilizadas para testar os pressupostos da teoria. A RST é um modelo promissor para o estudo da personalidade dentro da psicologia experimental, psiquiatria e neurociências.
Downloads
Referências
Aberg, K. C., Doell, K. C., & Schwartz, S. (2016). Linking Individual Learning Styles to Approach-Avoidance Motivational Traits and Computational Aspects of Reinforcement Learning. PLoS One, 11(11), e0166675. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166675
Ávila, C., & Parcet, M. A. (2000). The Role of Gray's Impulsivity in Anxiety”Mediated Differences in Resistance to Extinction. European Journal of Personality, 14(3), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-0984(200005/06)14:3%3C185::AID-PER370%3E3.0.CO;2-U
Ávila, C., & Torrubia, R. (2008). Performance and Conditioning Studies. Em P. Corr (Org.), The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (pp. 228-260). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819384
Benjamin, J., Li, L., Patterson, C., Greenberg, B. D., Murphy, D. L., & Hamer, D. H. (1996). Population and Familial Association between the D4 Dopamine Receptor Gene and Measures of Novelty Seeking. Nature Genetics, 12(1), 81-84. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0196-81
Bijttebier, P., Beck, I., Claes, L., & Vandereycken, W. (2009). Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a Framework for Research on Personality-Psychopathology Associations. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 421-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.002
Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral Inhibition, Behavioral Activation, and Affective Responses to Impending Reward and Punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319
ÄŒolović, P., Smederevac, S., OljaÄa, M., Nikolašević, Ž., & Mitrović, D. (2018). A Short Measure of the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory-RSQ17. The Journal of Psychology, 152(3), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2017.1419158
Conner, B. T., Rahm-Knigge, R. L., & Jenkins, A. L. (2018). Revision and Clarification of the Sensitivity to Punishment Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 121, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.09.016
Corr, P. J. (2004). Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Personality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.01.005
Corr, P. J. (2016). Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaires: Structural Survey with Recommendations. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 60-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.045
Corr, P. J., & Cooper, A. J. (2016). The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality Questionnaire (RST-PQ): Development and Validation. Psychological Assessment, 28(11), 1427-1440. http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pas0000273
Corr, P. J., & Thompson, S. J. (2014). Pause for Thought: Response Perseveration and Personality in Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(4), 889-900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9395-4
Eysenck, H. (1979). The Conditioning Model of Neurosis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(2), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00061653
Eysenck H.J., & Levey A. (1972). Conditioning, Introversion-Extraversion and the Strength of the Nervous System. Em V. D. Nebylitsyn, & J. A. Gray (Orgs.), Biological Bases of Individual Behavior (pp. 206-220). Academic Press.
Gray, J. A. (1982). The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Septo-Hippocampal System. Oxford University Press.
Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Septo-Hippocampal System (2a Ed.). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198522713.001.0001
Jackson, C. J. (2009). Jackson-5 Scales of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) and Their Application to Dysfunctional Real-World Outcomes. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(4), 556-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.02.007
Kambouropoulos, N., & Staiger, P. K. (2004). Personality and Responses to Appetitive and Aversive Stimuli: The Joint Influence of Behavioural Approach and Behavioural Inhibition Systems. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(6), 1153-1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.11.019
Krupić, D., Corr, P. J., RuÄević, S., Križanić, V., & GraÄanin, A. (2016). Five Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) of Personality Questionnaires: Comparison, Validity and Generalization. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.012
Leue, A., & Beauducel, A. (2008). A Meta-Analysis of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: On Performance Parameters in Reinforcement Tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(4), 353-369. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1088868308316891
Markett, S., Montag, C., & Reuter, M. (2014). In Favor of Behavior: On the Importance of Experimental Paradigms in Testing Predictions from Gray's Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8(184), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00184
McNaughton, N., & Corr, P. J. (2008). The Neuropsychology of Fear and Anxiety: A Foundation for Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Em P. Corr (Org.), The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality (pp. 44-94). Cambridge University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/CBO9780511819384.003
Mobbs, D., Petrovic, P., Marchant, J. L., Hassabis, D., Weiskopf, N., Seymour, B., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2007). When Fear is Near: Threat Imminence Elicits Prefrontal-Periaqueductal Gray Shifts in Humans. Science, 317(5841), 1079-1083. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1144298
Pickering, A., & Corr, P. J. (2008). J. A. Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) of Personality. Em G. J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Orgs.), The Sage Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment (pp. 239-256). Sage.
Reuter, M., Cooper, A. J., Smillie, L. D., Markett, S., & Montag, C. (2015). A New Measure for the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Psychometric Criteria and Genetic Validation. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 9(38), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00038
Reuter, M., Schmitz, A., Corr, P. J., & Hennig, J. (2006). Molecular Genetics Support Gray's Personality Theory: The Interaction of COMT and DRD2 Polymorphisms Predicts the Behavioral Approach System. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 9(2), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145705005419
Smederevac, S., Mitrović, D., ÄŒolović, P., & Nikolašević, Ž. (2014). Validation of the Measure of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory Constructs. Journal of Individual Differences, 35, 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000121
Smillie, L. D., Dalgleish, L. I., & Jackson, C. J. (2007). Distinguishing between Learning and Motivation in Behavioral Tests of the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(4), 476-489. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167206296951
Torrubia, R., Avila, C., Moltó, J., & Caseras, X. (2001). The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a Measure of Gray's Anxiety and Impulsivity Dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 837-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00183-5
Walker, B. R., Jackson, C. J., & Frost, R. (2017). A Comparison of Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory with Other Contemporary Personality Models. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.053
Whisman, M. A., Richardson, E. D., & Smolen, A. (2011). Behavioral Inhibition and Triallelic Genotyping of the Serotonin Transporter Promoter (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism. Journal of Research in Personality, 45(6), 706-709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2011.08.009
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Gibson Weydmann, Giovanna Nunes Cauduro, Nelson Hauck Filho, Lisiane Bizarro
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
