Localization Practices in Trading Card Games, Magic: the gathering from English into Portuguese
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v9.n4.2020.26387Palabras clave:
Translation Practices. Localization. Trading Card Games. Magic The Gathering.Resumen
The localization of a long-lasting and often updated Trading Card Game (TCG) such as Magic: The Gathering (USA, 2003-present) requires specific and detailed translation for consistency, while following certain policies. A parallel, bilingual corpus was created to observe technical constraints and localization policies pertaining to its translation into Brazilian Portuguese. The text of 249 cards in each language was extracted, aligned, and analyzed using Wordsmith 3.0 and Notepad++, with theoretical support of a translation description model (Lambert and Van Gorp) adapted for the genre. Macro and micro analyses both resulted in a translation product that is linguistically adequate to the target system, but not acceptable in the target cultural system. Also, some sections of the product require less rigidity in relation to the game rules and could benefit from transcreation.
Descargas
Citas
Bernal-Merino, Miguel A. “On the Translation of Video Games.” The Journal of Specialized Translation, v. 6, 2006, pp. 22-36.
Bulfinch, Thomas. O Livro de Ouro da Mitologia, translated by David Jardim Júnior, Ediouro, 2002
Cederskoog, Karin. “When to Forgo the Culturalization of Video Games: Contextualizing Globalization within the Mobile Marketplace.” Gamasutra, 02 July 2012,: http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/KarinESkoog/20120702/173371/When_to_Forgo_the_Culturalization_of_Video_Games_Contextualizing_Globalization_within_the_Mobile_Marketplace.php. Accessed on: 02 Mar. 2020.
Chandler, Heather Maxwell, and Stephanie O’Malley Deming. The Game Localization Handbook, 2nd edition, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012.
Coletti, Bruna Luizi. “COPA-MUM ”“ A importância do Domínio da Linguagem Especializada na Localização de Roleplaying Games.” Pesquisas em Games: Ideias, Projetos e Trabalhos, edited by Cristiane D. Vidal, Isaque M. Elias, and Viviane M. Heberlep, UFSC/LLE/CCE, 2013, pp. 57-67.
Cronin, Michael. “The Cracked Looking Glass of Servants: Translation and Minority in a Global Age.” The Translator, vol. 2, no. 4, 1998, pp. 145-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.1998.10799017
Edwards, Kate. “Culturalization: The Geopolitical and Cultural Dimension of Game Content.” Trans, vol. 15, 2011, pp. 19-28.
Esselink, Bert. A Practical Guide to Localization, John Benjamins, 2000. doi: https://doi.org/10.1075/liwd.4
Fernandes, Lincoln P. Brazilian Practices of Translating Names in Children’s Fantasy Literature: A Corpus-Based Study. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2004.
Fornazari, Meggie R. “Magic the Gathering sob a Ótica da Gramática Visual.” In-traduções, vol. 5, 2013, pp. 13-28.
Gile, Daniel. “Fidelity in Interpretation and Translation.” Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training, vol. 8, 2009, pp. 52-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1075/btl.8
Hartley, Tony. “Technology and Translation”. The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies, edited by Jeremy Munday, Routledge, 2009, pp.106-127.
Holmes, James. “The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 1972, pp. 172-185.
Honeywood, Richard. Best Practices in Game Localization. International Game Developers Association, 2011, http://englobe.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Best-Practices-for-Game-Localization-v21.pdf. Accessed on: 02 Mar. 2020.
Lambert, José, and Hendrik Van Gorp. “Sobre a Descrição de Traduções.” Literatura & Tradução: Textos Selecionados de José Lambert, edited by Andréia Guerini, Marie-Hélène Torres, and Walter Carlos Costa, 7Letras, 1985, pp. 197-213.
Leech, Geoffrey. “Corpora and Theories of Linguistic Performance.” Directions in Corpus Linguistics: Proceedings of Nobel Symposium, edited by Jan Svartvik, Mouton de Gruyter, 1992, pp. 105-122.
O’hagan, Minako, and Carmen Mangiron. “Game Localisation: Unleashing Imagination with ‘Restricted’ Translation.” The Journal of Specialized Translation, vol. 6, 2006, pp. 10-21.
Munday, Jeremy. The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies, Routledge, 2009.
Olohan, Maeve. Introducing Corpus-based Translation Studies, Routledge, 2004. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203640005
Palumbo, Giuseppe. Key Terms in Translation Studies, Continuum, 2009.
Pym, Anthony. “Venuti’s visibility” (Review of The Translator’s Invisibility). Target, vol. 8, no. 1, 1996, pp. 165-177. doi: https://doi.org/10.1075/target.8.1.12pym
Rosewater, Mark. “Mark Rosewater Archive.” Daily MTG, https://www.wizards.com/Magic/Magazine/Archive.aspx?author=Mark%20Rosewater. Accessed on: 02 Mar. 2020.
Thunes, Martha. “Classifying Translational Correspondences.” Corpora and Cross-Linguistic Research: Theory, Method and Case Studies, edited by Stig Johansson and Signe Oksefjell, Rodopi, 1998, pp. 25-50.
Toury, Gideon. “The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation.” The Translation Studies Reader, edited by Lawrence Venuti, Routledge, 1995, pp. 198-212.
Venuti, Lawrence. The Translation Studies Reader, Routledge, 2012.
Vidal, Cristiane Denise. Multimodalidade e Traduções Funcionais para Investigar a Aquisição de Segunda Língua em Gamers. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2011.
Vidal, Cristiane Denise. A Experiência da Localização de Games da Blizzard ao português do Brasil: um Estudo de Caso. Unpublished postdoctoral report, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 2013.
Vidal, Cristiane Denise, and e Isaque M. Elias. “When Brazil Enters the Koprulu Sector: The Starcraft II Localized into Brazilian Portuguese.” Proceedings of XI SBGames, 2012, pp. 114-124.
Williams, Jenny, and Andrew Chesterman. The Map - A Beginner's Guide to Doing Research in Translation Studies, St. Jerome, 2002.
Wizards of the Coast. M13 Basic Rulebook, 2012, http://media.wizards.com/images/magic/resources/rules/EN_MTGM13_Rulebook.pdf. Accessed on: 02 Mar. 2020.
Wizards of the Coast. Gatherer ”“ The Magic Card Database, www.gatherer.wizards.com. Accessed on: 02 Mar. 2020.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2020 CC BY
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Copyright Statement
Given the public access to this journal, the texts are free to use but requires the recognition of the original authorship and initial publication in this journal to be properly stated.
The journal allows the use of works published for non-commercial purposes, including the right to submit the work to publicly accessible databases. Published contributions are the sole and exclusive responsibility of the author(s).
- When submitting papers to be evaluated by the Belas Infiéis journal, the author(s):
- Declare that the contents of the contributions are original and of their original creation, being entirely responsible for their content if there is an objection by third parties.
- Claim to be aware that they should not commit academic plagiarism.
- Declare that the manuscript has not been published, completely or partially, in Portuguese or another language. If it is a translation it should be submitted to the Translated Articles section.
- Declare that the manuscript is not being evaluated by other journals.
- Declare that the manuscript was not submitted to another journal simultaneously.
- Commit(s) to inform the journal of any kind of error or inaccuracy in their contribution (published, in evaluation or in editing) and to collaborate with the editors to make due corrections of the article (when in evaluation or editing) or erratum/retraction (after publication).
- Declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the published work.
- Authorize its release if it is accepted for publication without any kind of monetary compensation.
- Agree to assign non-exclusive rights to publication to the magazine, remaining free to make their contribution available in other media as long as the publication of the first version in Belas Infiéis magazine is mentioned. They also authorize Belas Infiéis to assign their texts for reproduction in content indexers, virtual libraries and similar platforms.
- Maintain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, the work being licensed under theCreative Commons Attribution License.
- Is/Are allowed and encouraged to publish and distribute their work online after the editorial process, which may increase the impact and citation of the published work.
- Authorize the editorial team to make textual adjustments and to adapt the article to the publication rules, when necessary.
