O conceito de contingência na psicologia experimental
Palabras clave:
Contingência, Comportamento e eventos ambientaisResumen
Define-se contingência como uma relação entre eventos ambientais ou entre comportamento e eventos ambientais na forma condicional "se.., então...". Contingências mais simples especificam relações entre estímulos (contingências SS) ou entre respostas e estímulos (contingênciasRS). O presente trabalho apresenta uma diversidade de procedimentos experimentais viabilizados pelo conceito de contingência, dos reflexos condicionais de Pavlov à quantificação da Lei do Efeito.
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the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 5, 213-233.
Brown, P. L., & Jenkins, H. M. (1968). Auto-shaplng of the pigeon's key peck. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 503-516.
Carranza, N. J., & Naranjo, C. F. A. (1978). Automoldeamiento de respostas de contacto
hacia un estímulo auditivo en ratas. Tese Profissional. Universidade Nacional
Autônoma do México.
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in the rat. Psychology and Behavior, 9, 705-716.
Dardano, J. F. (1972). Variable location of punishment in a response sequence. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 433-442.
Dews, P. B„ & Morse, W. H. (1968). Some observations on an operant in human
subjects and its modification by dextro-amphetamine. Journal of the Experimental
Anaysis of Behavior, 1, 359-364.
Felton, M., & Lyon, D. O. (1966). The post-reinforcement pause. Journal of the ExperimentalAnalysis
of Behavior, 9, 131-134.
Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. Englewood Cliffs,
N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Findley, J. D. (1958). Preference and switching under concurrent scheduling. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1, 123-144
Herrnstein, R. J. (1961). Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of
frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 4,
267-272.
Herrnstein, R. J. (1970). On the law of effect. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 13, 243-366.
Herrnstein, R. J., & Morse, W. H. (1958). A conjunctive Schedule of reinforcement.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1 15-24.
Honig, W. K. (1966). Operant behavior: Áreas of research and application. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Honig, W. K., & Staddon, J. E. R. (1977). Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood
Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Hursh, S. R. (1980). Economic concepts for the analysis of behavior. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 34, 219-238.
Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. N. (1950). Principies of psychology. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts.
Kelleher, R. T., & Cook, L. (1959). An analysis of the behavior of rats and monkeys on
concurrent fixed-ratio avoidance schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 2, 203-211.
Rachlin, H. (1973). Contrast and matching. Psychological Review, 80, 217-234.
Rachlin, H. (1976). Introduction to modem behaviorsm. Second edition. San Francisco:
Freeman.
Schwartz, B., & Gamzu, E. (1977). Pavlovian control of operant behavior. Em W. K.
Honig & J. E. R. Staddon (Orgs.). Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood
Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Shimp, C. P., & Wheatley, K. L. (1971). Matching to relative reinforcement frequency in
multiple schedules with a short component duration. Journal of the Experimental
Anaysis of Behavior, 15, 205-210.
Sidman, M., & Fletcher, F. G. (1968). A demonstration of autoshaping with monkeys.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 307-309.
Simonassi, L. E. (1980). Manutenção de respostas por contingências de omissão:
problemas de interpretação dos efeitos de variáveis controladoras. Dissertação
de Mestrado. Universidade de Brasília.
Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1948). "Superstition" in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology,
38, 168-172.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New
York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, Knopf.
Skinner, B. F., & Morse, W. H. (1958). Sustained performance during very long experimental
sess\ons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1, 235-244.
Staddon, J. E. R. (1977). Schedule-induced behavior. Em W. K. Honig & J. E. R.
Staddon (Orgs.). Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-
Hall.
Staddon, J. E. R., & Simmelhag, V. L. (1971). The "superstition" experiment: A reexamination
of its implications for the principies of adaptive behavior. Psychological
Review, 78, 3-53.
Todorov, J. C. (1971). Análise experimental do comportamento de escolha: algumas
considerações sobre método em psicologia. Ciência e Cultura, 23, 585-594.
Todorov, J. C. (1972). Component duration and relative response rates in multiple
schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 45-49.
Todorov, J. G (1981). Aquisição e manutenção do comportamento em situações de
estimulação aversiva não-contingente. Anais da XI Reunião Anual de Psicologia.
Ribeirão Preto: Sociedade de Psicologia de Ribeirão Preto.
Todorov, J.C. (1985). O conceito de contingência trfplice na análise do comportamento
humano. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 1, 140-146
Todorov, J. C. (1989). A psicologia como o estudo de interações. Psicologia: Teoria e
Pesquisa, 5, -325-347.
Williams. B. A. (1988). Reinforcement, choice, and responde strength. Em R. C.
Atkinson, R. J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R. D. Luce (Orgs.), Stevens' handbook
of experimental psychology. Second edition. Vol. 2: Learning and cognition. New
York: Wiley.
the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 5, 213-233.
Brown, P. L., & Jenkins, H. M. (1968). Auto-shaplng of the pigeon's key peck. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 503-516.
Carranza, N. J., & Naranjo, C. F. A. (1978). Automoldeamiento de respostas de contacto
hacia un estímulo auditivo en ratas. Tese Profissional. Universidade Nacional
Autônoma do México.
Collier, G. H., Hirsch, E., & Hamlin, P. H. (1972). The ecológical determinants of reinforcement
in the rat. Psychology and Behavior, 9, 705-716.
Dardano, J. F. (1972). Variable location of punishment in a response sequence. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 433-442.
Dews, P. B„ & Morse, W. H. (1968). Some observations on an operant in human
subjects and its modification by dextro-amphetamine. Journal of the Experimental
Anaysis of Behavior, 1, 359-364.
Felton, M., & Lyon, D. O. (1966). The post-reinforcement pause. Journal of the ExperimentalAnalysis
of Behavior, 9, 131-134.
Ferster, C. B., & Skinner, B. F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. Englewood Cliffs,
N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Findley, J. D. (1958). Preference and switching under concurrent scheduling. Journal
of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1, 123-144
Herrnstein, R. J. (1961). Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of
frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 4,
267-272.
Herrnstein, R. J. (1970). On the law of effect. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 13, 243-366.
Herrnstein, R. J., & Morse, W. H. (1958). A conjunctive Schedule of reinforcement.
Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1 15-24.
Honig, W. K. (1966). Operant behavior: Áreas of research and application. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Honig, W. K., & Staddon, J. E. R. (1977). Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood
Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Hursh, S. R. (1980). Economic concepts for the analysis of behavior. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 34, 219-238.
Keller, F. S., & Schoenfeld, W. N. (1950). Principies of psychology. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts.
Kelleher, R. T., & Cook, L. (1959). An analysis of the behavior of rats and monkeys on
concurrent fixed-ratio avoidance schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 2, 203-211.
Rachlin, H. (1973). Contrast and matching. Psychological Review, 80, 217-234.
Rachlin, H. (1976). Introduction to modem behaviorsm. Second edition. San Francisco:
Freeman.
Schwartz, B., & Gamzu, E. (1977). Pavlovian control of operant behavior. Em W. K.
Honig & J. E. R. Staddon (Orgs.). Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood
Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
Shimp, C. P., & Wheatley, K. L. (1971). Matching to relative reinforcement frequency in
multiple schedules with a short component duration. Journal of the Experimental
Anaysis of Behavior, 15, 205-210.
Sidman, M., & Fletcher, F. G. (1968). A demonstration of autoshaping with monkeys.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 307-309.
Simonassi, L. E. (1980). Manutenção de respostas por contingências de omissão:
problemas de interpretação dos efeitos de variáveis controladoras. Dissertação
de Mestrado. Universidade de Brasília.
Skinner, B. F. (1938). The behavior of organisms. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1948). "Superstition" in the pigeon. Journal of Experimental Psychology,
38, 168-172.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New
York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, Knopf.
Skinner, B. F., & Morse, W. H. (1958). Sustained performance during very long experimental
sess\ons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 1, 235-244.
Staddon, J. E. R. (1977). Schedule-induced behavior. Em W. K. Honig & J. E. R.
Staddon (Orgs.). Handbook of operant behavior. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-
Hall.
Staddon, J. E. R., & Simmelhag, V. L. (1971). The "superstition" experiment: A reexamination
of its implications for the principies of adaptive behavior. Psychological
Review, 78, 3-53.
Todorov, J. C. (1971). Análise experimental do comportamento de escolha: algumas
considerações sobre método em psicologia. Ciência e Cultura, 23, 585-594.
Todorov, J. C. (1972). Component duration and relative response rates in multiple
schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17, 45-49.
Todorov, J. G (1981). Aquisição e manutenção do comportamento em situações de
estimulação aversiva não-contingente. Anais da XI Reunião Anual de Psicologia.
Ribeirão Preto: Sociedade de Psicologia de Ribeirão Preto.
Todorov, J.C. (1985). O conceito de contingência trfplice na análise do comportamento
humano. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 1, 140-146
Todorov, J. C. (1989). A psicologia como o estudo de interações. Psicologia: Teoria e
Pesquisa, 5, -325-347.
Williams. B. A. (1988). Reinforcement, choice, and responde strength. Em R. C.
Atkinson, R. J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R. D. Luce (Orgs.), Stevens' handbook
of experimental psychology. Second edition. Vol. 2: Learning and cognition. New
York: Wiley.
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Publicado
2012-08-16
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Todorov, J. C. (2012). O conceito de contingência na psicologia experimental. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 7(1), 59–70. Recuperado a partir de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17107
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