PROGRESSOS NO ESTUDO DAS BASES NEURAIS DA APRENDIZAGEM
Palavras-chave:
Aprendizagem, Sensitização, Habituação, Bases neuraisResumo
O estudo dos mecanismos neurais da aprendizagem revelou considerável progresso nos últimos vinte anos. A possibilidade de experimentação com invertebrados tem levado a descobertas importantes sobre as mudanças funcionais e estruturais, a nfvel celular, que acompanham processos simples de aprendizagem como a habituação e a sensi-tização.
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Referências
Bailey. C. H., & Chen, M. (1983). Morphotogical basis of long-term habituation and
sensitization in Aplysia. Science, 220, 91-93. Bailey. C. H., & Chen, M. (1988a).
Long-term memory in Aplysia modulates the total
number of vericosities of single identified sensory neurons. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America, 85, 2373-2377.
Bailey, C. H., & Chen, M. (1988b). Morphotogical basis of short-term habituation in
Aplysia. Journal of Neurosciences, 8, 2452-2459. Byrne, J. H. (1990). Learning
and memory in Aplysia and other invertebrates. Em R. P.
Kesner, & D. S. Olton (Orgs.). Neurobiology of Comparative Cognition. Millsdale,
NJ.: Erlbaum. Carew. T. J„ Hawkins, R. D., & Kandel. E. R. (1983). Differential
classical conditioning
of defensive withdrawal refex in Aplysia californica. Science, 219, 397-400. Carew,
T. J., Pinsker. H. M.; & Kandel, E. R. (1972). Long-term habituation in Aplysia.
Science, 175, 451-454. Carew, T. J., Walters, E. T.. & Kandel. E. R. (1981).
Classical conditioning in a simple
withdrawal refelx in Aplysia californica. Journal of Neuroscience, 1, 1426-1437.
Castelucci, V. F., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R. (1978). Cellular analysis of long-term
habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica. Science, 202,
1306-1308.
Castelucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1974). A quantal analysis of the synaptic
depression underlying habituation of the gíll-withdrawal reflex of
Aplysia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 71, 5004-5008. Castelucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1976). Presynaptic
facilitation as a mechanism for
behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Science, 194, 1176-1178. Castelucci, V. F„
Pinsker, M., Kupfermann, I., & Kandel, E. R. (1970). Neuronal
mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in
Aplysia. Science, 167, 1745-1748. Cook, D. G., & Carew, T. J. (1986). Operant
conditioning of head waving in Aplysia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 83, 1120-1124. Crow, T„ & Alkon, D. L. (1978). Retention of an
associative behavioral changge in
Hermissenda. Science, 201, 1239-1241. Crow, T., & Offenbach, N. (1983).
Modification of the inrtiatíon of locomotion in
Hermissenda: Behavioral analysis. Brain Research, 271, 301-310. Frost, W. N.,
Castelucci, V. F., Hawkins. R. D., & Kandel!, E. R. (1985). Monosynaptic
connections made by the sensory neurons of the gil- and siphon-withdrawal reflex
in Aplysia participate in the storage of tong-term memory for sensitization.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 82, 8266-8269. Gelperin, A. (1975). Rapid food-aversion learning by a
terrestrial mollusk. Science,
189, 567-570. Gingrich, K. J., & Byrne, J. H. (1985). Simulation of synaptic
depression. posttetanic
potentiation, and presynaptic facilitation of synaptic potentials from sensory
neurons mediating gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Journal of Neurophysiology, 53,
652-669. Gingrich, K. J., & Byrne, J. H. (1987). Single-cell neuronal model for
associative
learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 57, 1705-1715. Hawkins, R. D., Carew, T.
J., & Kandel, E. R. (1986). Effects of interstimulus interval
and contingency on classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex.
Journal of Neuroscience, 6, 1695-1701. Kandel, E. R. (1979). Small systems of
neurons. Scientific American, 241, 61-70. Kandel, E. R., & Schwartz, J. M. (1982).
Molecular biology of learning: Modulation of
transmitter release. Science, 218, 433-443. Klein, M., & Kandel, E. R. (1978).
Presynaptic modulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+
current: Mechanisms for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia
californica.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 75, 3512-3516. Klein, M., & Kandel, E. R. (1980). Mechanism of calcium
current modulation underlying
presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 77, 6912-6916.
Lewis, D. J. (1979). Psychobiology of active and inactive memory. Psychological
Bulletin,86, 1054-1083. McGaugh, J. L., & Herz, M. J. (1972). Memory
Consolidation. S. Francisco: Albion.
Mpitsos, G. J., & CoIlins, S. D. (1975). Learning: Rapid aversive condltioning in the
gastropod mollusk Pleurobranchaes. Science, 188, 954-957. Pinsker, M., Hening,
W. A., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R. (1973). Long term
sensitization of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science, 182,1039-1042.
Pinsker, H., Kupfermann, I., Castelucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1970). Habituation and
dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science, 167, 1740-1742.
Scholz, K. P., & Byrne, J. H. (1987). Long-term sensitization in Aplysia: Biophysical
correlates in tail sensory neurons. Science, 235, 685-587. Skinner, B. F.
(1938). The Behavior of Organisms. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior.
New York: Macmillan. Separ, N. E. (1973). Retrieval of memory in animais.
Psychological Review, 80,
163-194.
sensitization in Aplysia. Science, 220, 91-93. Bailey. C. H., & Chen, M. (1988a).
Long-term memory in Aplysia modulates the total
number of vericosities of single identified sensory neurons. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences ofthe United States of America, 85, 2373-2377.
Bailey, C. H., & Chen, M. (1988b). Morphotogical basis of short-term habituation in
Aplysia. Journal of Neurosciences, 8, 2452-2459. Byrne, J. H. (1990). Learning
and memory in Aplysia and other invertebrates. Em R. P.
Kesner, & D. S. Olton (Orgs.). Neurobiology of Comparative Cognition. Millsdale,
NJ.: Erlbaum. Carew. T. J„ Hawkins, R. D., & Kandel. E. R. (1983). Differential
classical conditioning
of defensive withdrawal refex in Aplysia californica. Science, 219, 397-400. Carew,
T. J., Pinsker. H. M.; & Kandel, E. R. (1972). Long-term habituation in Aplysia.
Science, 175, 451-454. Carew, T. J., Walters, E. T.. & Kandel. E. R. (1981).
Classical conditioning in a simple
withdrawal refelx in Aplysia californica. Journal of Neuroscience, 1, 1426-1437.
Castelucci, V. F., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R. (1978). Cellular analysis of long-term
habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica. Science, 202,
1306-1308.
Castelucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1974). A quantal analysis of the synaptic
depression underlying habituation of the gíll-withdrawal reflex of
Aplysia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 71, 5004-5008. Castelucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1976). Presynaptic
facilitation as a mechanism for
behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Science, 194, 1176-1178. Castelucci, V. F„
Pinsker, M., Kupfermann, I., & Kandel, E. R. (1970). Neuronal
mechanisms of habituation and dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in
Aplysia. Science, 167, 1745-1748. Cook, D. G., & Carew, T. J. (1986). Operant
conditioning of head waving in Aplysia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 83, 1120-1124. Crow, T„ & Alkon, D. L. (1978). Retention of an
associative behavioral changge in
Hermissenda. Science, 201, 1239-1241. Crow, T., & Offenbach, N. (1983).
Modification of the inrtiatíon of locomotion in
Hermissenda: Behavioral analysis. Brain Research, 271, 301-310. Frost, W. N.,
Castelucci, V. F., Hawkins. R. D., & Kandel!, E. R. (1985). Monosynaptic
connections made by the sensory neurons of the gil- and siphon-withdrawal reflex
in Aplysia participate in the storage of tong-term memory for sensitization.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 82, 8266-8269. Gelperin, A. (1975). Rapid food-aversion learning by a
terrestrial mollusk. Science,
189, 567-570. Gingrich, K. J., & Byrne, J. H. (1985). Simulation of synaptic
depression. posttetanic
potentiation, and presynaptic facilitation of synaptic potentials from sensory
neurons mediating gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Journal of Neurophysiology, 53,
652-669. Gingrich, K. J., & Byrne, J. H. (1987). Single-cell neuronal model for
associative
learning. Journal of Neurophysiology, 57, 1705-1715. Hawkins, R. D., Carew, T.
J., & Kandel, E. R. (1986). Effects of interstimulus interval
and contingency on classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex.
Journal of Neuroscience, 6, 1695-1701. Kandel, E. R. (1979). Small systems of
neurons. Scientific American, 241, 61-70. Kandel, E. R., & Schwartz, J. M. (1982).
Molecular biology of learning: Modulation of
transmitter release. Science, 218, 433-443. Klein, M., & Kandel, E. R. (1978).
Presynaptic modulation of voltage-dependent Ca2+
current: Mechanisms for behavioral sensitization in Aplysia
californica.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America, 75, 3512-3516. Klein, M., & Kandel, E. R. (1980). Mechanism of calcium
current modulation underlying
presynaptic facilitation and behavioral sensitization in Aplysia. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 77, 6912-6916.
Lewis, D. J. (1979). Psychobiology of active and inactive memory. Psychological
Bulletin,86, 1054-1083. McGaugh, J. L., & Herz, M. J. (1972). Memory
Consolidation. S. Francisco: Albion.
Mpitsos, G. J., & CoIlins, S. D. (1975). Learning: Rapid aversive condltioning in the
gastropod mollusk Pleurobranchaes. Science, 188, 954-957. Pinsker, M., Hening,
W. A., Carew, T. J., & Kandel, E. R. (1973). Long term
sensitization of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science, 182,1039-1042.
Pinsker, H., Kupfermann, I., Castelucci, V. F., & Kandel, E. R. (1970). Habituation and
dishabituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. Science, 167, 1740-1742.
Scholz, K. P., & Byrne, J. H. (1987). Long-term sensitization in Aplysia: Biophysical
correlates in tail sensory neurons. Science, 235, 685-587. Skinner, B. F.
(1938). The Behavior of Organisms. New York:
Appleton-Century-Crofts. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior.
New York: Macmillan. Separ, N. E. (1973). Retrieval of memory in animais.
Psychological Review, 80,
163-194.
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Publicado
2012-08-20
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Todorov, J. C. (2012). PROGRESSOS NO ESTUDO DAS BASES NEURAIS DA APRENDIZAGEM. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 7(03), 303–310. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17118
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