Performance, self-regulation, and competencies of entrepreneurs in Brazilian creative industries
Keywords:
Entrepreneurship, Competencies, Self-regulation, Creative industriesAbstract
The prediction of entrepreneurial competencies on the perception of business performance by creative industries professionals was tested. Performance was measured based on the entrepreneurs’ perception concerning their satisfaction with the enterprise performance indicators (e.g., profitability) and their social relationships and career (e.g., the image of the enterprise and personal career advancement). Mediation of self-regulation was also tested. Participants were 295 professionals from the Brazilian creative industries. Data were analyzed using both the factor analysis and multivariate multiple linear regression. Strategy and Planning competencies were predictors of performance perception, regarding enterprise performance indicators (R2 RF = 0.20) and social relationship and career (R2 RF = 0.24). The self-monitoring dimension of self-regulation showed partial mediation (0.09 and 0.10, respectively, p<0.001). Entrepreneurs from the music industry had significantly higher scores. Practical implications of these results are discussed.
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References
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Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in
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Electronic copy available at Social Science Research Network:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1752103
Kanfer, F. H., & Karoly, P. (1972). Self-control: a behavioristic
excursion into the lion’s den. Behavior Therapy, 3, 398-416.
Doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(72)80140-0
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modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
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program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model.
Behavior Research Methods, 38(1), 88-91. Doi: 10.3758/
BF03192753
Man, T. W. Y. (2001). Entrepreneurial competencies and the
performance of small and medium enterprises in the Hong
Kong services sector (Doctoral Dissertation, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong).
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2005). The context of entrepreneurship
in Hong Kong. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, 12(4), 464-481. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1108/14626000510628162
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial competencies
of AME owner/managers in the Hong Kong services sector.
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S0218495800000139
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(SCMS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment, 31, 83-93. Doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9104-2
Mortan, R.A., Ripoli, P., Carvalho, C., & Bernal, M.C. (2014)
Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention
and self-efficacy. Journal of Work and Organizational
Psychology, 30, 97-104 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
rpto.2014.11.004
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intention: the mediation effect of self-regulation. Vocations and
Learning, 6, 385”“401. Doi: 10.1007/s12186-013-9101-9
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Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sesen, H., & Pruett, M. (2014). The impact of education,
economy, and culture on entrepreneurial motives, barriers and
intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23 (2), 231-261. doi:
10.1177/0971355714535309
Simsek, Z., Heavey, C., & Veiga, J.J.F. (2010). The impact of CEO
core self´-evaluation on the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation.
Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 110”“119. doi 10.1002/
smj.800
Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2005). Performance concepts and
performance theory. In S. Sonnentag (Ed.), Psychological
Management of Individual Performance (pp.3-27). Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Throsby, D. (2001). Defining the artistic workforce: The Australian
experience. Poetics, 28(4), 255-271. doi: 10.1016/S0304-
422X(01)80003-6
Vale, G. M. V. (2014) Empreendedor: Origens, Concepções
Teóricas, Dispersão e Integração. Revista de Administração
Contemporânea, 18(6), 874-891. doi: 10.1590/1982-
7849rac20141244
Wikström, P. (2009). The adaptive behavior of music firms: a music
industry feedback model. Journal of Media Business Studies,
6(2), 67-96. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2009.11073485
competencies and entrepreneurial success in AMEs in Australia
and Malaysia (Dissertação de Doutorado, Universidade de
Adelaide, Sydney, Austrália).
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions. In J. Kihl & J. Beckmann
(Orgs.) Action control (pp.11-39). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,
50, 248-287.
Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1 (2), 164”“180.
doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator
variable distinction in social psychology research. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. doi:
10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Baumeister, R.F,; Bratslavsky E., Muraven M., & Tice, D. M.
(1998). Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource?
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-
1265 doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252
Bendassolli, P. F., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2013). Desempenho
empreendedor nas indústrias criativas. Temas em Psicologia,
21(1), 105-120 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9788/TP2013.1-13.
Bendassolli, P. F., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2015). Meaning,
meaningfulness, and tensions in artistic work. Revista
Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 15(1), 71-81.
Bendassolli, P. F., & Wood Jr., T. (2010). O paradoxo de Mozart:
carreiras nas indústrias criativas. Organizações & Sociedade,
17, 259-277.
Bendassolli, P. F., Wood Jr., T., Kirschbaum, C., & Cunha, M. P. E.
(2009). Indústrias criativas: definição, limites e possibilidades.
RAE, 49,10-18. doi: 10.1590/S0034-75902009000100003
Beugelsdijk, S., & Maseland, R. (2011). Culture in economics.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship.
Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222-230.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007
Bryant, P. (2009). Self-regulation and moral awareness among
entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 505”“518.
doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.005
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS.
New York: Routledge.
Carbone, P.P., Brandão, H.P., Leite, J.B., & Vilhena, R.M. (2009).
Gestão por competências e gestão do conhecimento. Rio de
Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
Carland, J. W., Hoy. F., Boulton, W., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984).
Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A
conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9, 354-
359. Doi: 10.5465/AMR.1984.4277721
Caves, R. E. (2000). Creative industries: Contracts between art
and commerce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H. (1994). Founder competence, the
environment, and venture performance. Entrepreneurship:
Theory and Practice, 18(3), 77-89.
Cooley, L. (1990). Entrepreneurship training and the strengthening
of entrepreneurial performance. Washington: USAID.
Correa, V. S.. & Vale, G. M. V. (2014). Redes sociais, perfil
empreendedor e trajetórias. Revista de Administração (São
Paulo), 49 (1), 77-88. Doi: 10.5700/rausp1132
De Bruin, A. (2005). Multi-level entrepreneurship in the creative
industries. New Zeeland’s screen production industry.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6 (3), 143-150. doi: http://
dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000054662791
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and
behavior. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley
Forgas, J.P., Baumeister, R.F., & Tice, D.M. (2009). The psychology
of self-regulation. In J.P. Forgas, R.F. Baumeister & D.M. Tice
(Eds.). Psychology of Self-regulation (pp.183-197). New York:
Psychology Press.
Franklin, R.J. (2013). Motives, self-regulation, and a reconceptualization
of entrepreneurial success. Doctoral
Dissertation. Oklahoma State University.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M.M. (2014). The psychology of
entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology
and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413”“38. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
Geldhof, G.J., Weiner, M., Agans, J.P., Mueller, M.K., & Lerner,
R.M. (2014). Understanding entrepreneurial intent in late
adolescence. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 43, 81”“91 DOI
10.1007/s10964-013-9930-8
Hlady-Rispal, M., & Jouison-Laffitte, E. (2014) Qualitative
research methods and epistemological frameworks. Journal
of Small Business Management, 52(4), 594-614. doi: 10.1111/
jsbm.12123
Hoque, Z. (2004). A contingency model of the association
between strategy, environmental uncertainty and performance
measurement. International Business Review, 13(4), 485-502.
Doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.003
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in
factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179-185. Doi: 10.1007/
BF02289447
Jaramillo-Villanueva, J. L., Escobedo-Garrido, J. S., Morales-
Jimenez, J., & Ramos- Castro, J. G. (2012) Perfil emprendedor
de los pequeños empresarios agropecuarios en El Valle de
Puebla, México. Entramado, 8 (1), 44-57.
Johnson, A.R., & Delmar, F. (2009). Psychology of entrepreneurs.
Electronic copy available at Social Science Research Network:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1752103
Kanfer, F. H., & Karoly, P. (1972). Self-control: a behavioristic
excursion into the lion’s den. Behavior Therapy, 3, 398-416.
Doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(72)80140-0
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation
modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). Factor: A computer
program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model.
Behavior Research Methods, 38(1), 88-91. Doi: 10.3758/
BF03192753
Man, T. W. Y. (2001). Entrepreneurial competencies and the
performance of small and medium enterprises in the Hong
Kong services sector (Doctoral Dissertation, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong).
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2005). The context of entrepreneurship
in Hong Kong. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, 12(4), 464-481. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1108/14626000510628162
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial competencies
of AME owner/managers in the Hong Kong services sector.
Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(3), 235-254. Doi: 10.1142/
S0218495800000139
Mezo, P. (2008). The self-control and self-management scale
(SCMS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment, 31, 83-93. Doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9104-2
Mortan, R.A., Ripoli, P., Carvalho, C., & Bernal, M.C. (2014)
Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention
and self-efficacy. Journal of Work and Organizational
Psychology, 30, 97-104 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
rpto.2014.11.004
Pihie, Z.A.L., & Bagheri, A. (2013). Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial
intention: the mediation effect of self-regulation. Vocations and
Learning, 6, 385”“401. Doi: 10.1007/s12186-013-9101-9
Schumpeter, H. (1934). The theory of economic development.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sesen, H., & Pruett, M. (2014). The impact of education,
economy, and culture on entrepreneurial motives, barriers and
intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23 (2), 231-261. doi:
10.1177/0971355714535309
Simsek, Z., Heavey, C., & Veiga, J.J.F. (2010). The impact of CEO
core self´-evaluation on the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation.
Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 110”“119. doi 10.1002/
smj.800
Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2005). Performance concepts and
performance theory. In S. Sonnentag (Ed.), Psychological
Management of Individual Performance (pp.3-27). Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Throsby, D. (2001). Defining the artistic workforce: The Australian
experience. Poetics, 28(4), 255-271. doi: 10.1016/S0304-
422X(01)80003-6
Vale, G. M. V. (2014) Empreendedor: Origens, Concepções
Teóricas, Dispersão e Integração. Revista de Administração
Contemporânea, 18(6), 874-891. doi: 10.1590/1982-
7849rac20141244
Wikström, P. (2009). The adaptive behavior of music firms: a music
industry feedback model. Journal of Media Business Studies,
6(2), 67-96. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2009.11073485
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Published
2017-05-23
How to Cite
Bendassolli, P. F., Borges-Andrade, J. E., Gondim, S. M., & Makhamid Makhamed, Y. (2017). Performance, self-regulation, and competencies of entrepreneurs in Brazilian creative industries. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 32(5). Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/19396
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Section
Estudos Empíricos
