THE UNDERSTANDING OF SYLLOGISMS IN CHILDREN
Abstract
Research has shown that the comparatively poor
levels of performance observed among children and adults in syllogistic
problems are attributable not to a lack of reasoning competence,
but are related to the content of the premises, as well as to
the different forms of syllogistic problems. In this study subjects
from 7 to 14 years of age were more accurate in dealing with
problems with content that agreed with their everyday experience,
than with that which contradicted it. Children performed much
worse on problems involving invalid inferences (Affirmation of
Consequent and Denial of Antecedent) than on problems involving
valid inferences (Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens), replicating
Dias (1987) findings among adults
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Carraher, D.W. (1984). O desenvolvimento do senso crítico. Relatório mimeografado,
UFPE.
Dias, M.G.B.B. (1987). Da lógica do analfabeto à lógica do adolescente: há progresso?
Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 39, 29-40.
Evans, J.St., B.T., Barston, J.L, and Pollard, P. (1983). On the conflict between
logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 11,
295-306.
Harris, P. (1974). Inferences and semantic development. Journal of Child Language,
2, 143-152.
Hawkins, J., Pea, R.D., Glick, J. & Scribner, S. (1984). "Merds that laugh don't
like mushrooms": Evidence for deductive reasoning by preschoolers.
Developmental Psychology, 20, 584-594.
Henle, M. & Michael, M. (1956). The influence of attitudes on syllogistic reasoning.
Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 11 5-127.
Janis, I. & Frick, P. (1 943). The relationship between attitudes towards conclusions
and errors in judging logical validity of syllogisms. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 33,73-77.
Kaufman, H. & Goldstein, S. (1967). The effects of emotional value of conclusions
upon distortion in syllogistic reasoning. Psychonomic Science, 7,
367-368.
Lefford, A. (1946). The influence of emotional subject matter on logical reasoning.
Journal of General Psychology, 34, 127-151.
Luria, A.R. (1976). Cognitive development: It's cultural and social foundations.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mayer, R. (1 981). Cognição e aprendizagem humana. São Paulo: Cultrix.
Peel, E.A. (1967). A method for investigating children's understanding of certain
logical connectives used in binary propositional thinking. British
Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 20, 81-82.
Piper, D. (1985). Syllogistic reasonig in varied narrative contexts: Aspects of
logical and linguistic development. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,
14,
Revlis, R. (1975). Syllogistic reasoning: logical decisions from a complex data
base. Em R. Falmagne (Ed.), Reasoning representation and process (pp.
93-1 33). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Roberge, J.J. (1970). A study of children's abilities to reason with basic principles
of deductive reasoning. American Educational Research Journal, 7,
583-595.
UFPE.
Dias, M.G.B.B. (1987). Da lógica do analfabeto à lógica do adolescente: há progresso?
Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 39, 29-40.
Evans, J.St., B.T., Barston, J.L, and Pollard, P. (1983). On the conflict between
logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 11,
295-306.
Harris, P. (1974). Inferences and semantic development. Journal of Child Language,
2, 143-152.
Hawkins, J., Pea, R.D., Glick, J. & Scribner, S. (1984). "Merds that laugh don't
like mushrooms": Evidence for deductive reasoning by preschoolers.
Developmental Psychology, 20, 584-594.
Henle, M. & Michael, M. (1956). The influence of attitudes on syllogistic reasoning.
Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 11 5-127.
Janis, I. & Frick, P. (1 943). The relationship between attitudes towards conclusions
and errors in judging logical validity of syllogisms. Journal of Experimental
Psychology, 33,73-77.
Kaufman, H. & Goldstein, S. (1967). The effects of emotional value of conclusions
upon distortion in syllogistic reasoning. Psychonomic Science, 7,
367-368.
Lefford, A. (1946). The influence of emotional subject matter on logical reasoning.
Journal of General Psychology, 34, 127-151.
Luria, A.R. (1976). Cognitive development: It's cultural and social foundations.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mayer, R. (1 981). Cognição e aprendizagem humana. São Paulo: Cultrix.
Peel, E.A. (1967). A method for investigating children's understanding of certain
logical connectives used in binary propositional thinking. British
Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 20, 81-82.
Piper, D. (1985). Syllogistic reasonig in varied narrative contexts: Aspects of
logical and linguistic development. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research,
14,
Revlis, R. (1975). Syllogistic reasoning: logical decisions from a complex data
base. Em R. Falmagne (Ed.), Reasoning representation and process (pp.
93-1 33). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Roberge, J.J. (1970). A study of children's abilities to reason with basic principles
of deductive reasoning. American Educational Research Journal, 7,
583-595.
Downloads
Published
2012-07-12
How to Cite
Dias, M. da G. B. (2012). THE UNDERSTANDING OF SYLLOGISMS IN CHILDREN. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 4(2), 156–169. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17044
Issue
Section
Artigos
