Desempenho, autorregulação e competências de empreendedores de indústrias criativas brasileiras
Palavras-chave:
Empreendedorismo, Competências, Autorregulação, Indústrias criativasResumo
O objetivo deste artigo foi testar o poder preditivo das competências empreendedoras sobre o desempenho de profissionais nas indústrias criativas. O desempenho foi mensurado com base na percepção dos empreendedores sobre indicadores de resultado do negócio (e.g., lucratividade) e sobre relacionamentos sociais e carreira (e.g., a imagem do negócio e os avanços na própria carreira). A mediação exercida pela autorregulação também foi testada. Participaram 295 profissionais das indústrias criativas brasileiras. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises fatoriais e de análise de regressão multivariada. Os resultados indicam que as competências de estratégia e planejamento foram preditores da percepção de desempenho, tanto dos indicadores de resultado do negócio (R2 RF = 0,20) quanto dos relacionamentos sociais e de carreira (R2 RF = 0,24). Uma dimensão da autorregulação, automonitoramento, apresentou mediação parcial sobre a variável-critério (0,09 e 0,10, respectivamente, p<0.001). Os empreendedores do setor de música apresentaram escores significativamente mais elevados nas competências avaliadas. Implicações práticas dos resultados são discutidas.
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Referências
Ahmad, N. H. (2007). A cross cultural study of entrepreneurial
competencies and entrepreneurial success in AMEs in Australia
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Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions. In J. Kihl & J. Beckmann
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Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,
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Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1 (2), 164”“180.
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Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator
variable distinction in social psychology research. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. doi:
10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Baumeister, R.F,; Bratslavsky E., Muraven M., & Tice, D. M.
(1998). Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource?
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-
1265 doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252
Bendassolli, P. F., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2013). Desempenho
empreendedor nas indústrias criativas. Temas em Psicologia,
21(1), 105-120 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9788/TP2013.1-13.
Bendassolli, P. F., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2015). Meaning,
meaningfulness, and tensions in artistic work. Revista
Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 15(1), 71-81.
Bendassolli, P. F., & Wood Jr., T. (2010). O paradoxo de Mozart:
carreiras nas indústrias criativas. Organizações & Sociedade,
17, 259-277.
Bendassolli, P. F., Wood Jr., T., Kirschbaum, C., & Cunha, M. P. E.
(2009). Indústrias criativas: definição, limites e possibilidades.
RAE, 49,10-18. doi: 10.1590/S0034-75902009000100003
Beugelsdijk, S., & Maseland, R. (2011). Culture in economics.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship.
Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222-230.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007
Bryant, P. (2009). Self-regulation and moral awareness among
entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 505”“518.
doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.005
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS.
New York: Routledge.
Carbone, P.P., Brandão, H.P., Leite, J.B., & Vilhena, R.M. (2009).
Gestão por competências e gestão do conhecimento. Rio de
Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
Carland, J. W., Hoy. F., Boulton, W., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984).
Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A
conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9, 354-
359. Doi: 10.5465/AMR.1984.4277721
Caves, R. E. (2000). Creative industries: Contracts between art
and commerce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H. (1994). Founder competence, the
environment, and venture performance. Entrepreneurship:
Theory and Practice, 18(3), 77-89.
Cooley, L. (1990). Entrepreneurship training and the strengthening
of entrepreneurial performance. Washington: USAID.
Correa, V. S.. & Vale, G. M. V. (2014). Redes sociais, perfil
empreendedor e trajetórias. Revista de Administração (São
Paulo), 49 (1), 77-88. Doi: 10.5700/rausp1132
De Bruin, A. (2005). Multi-level entrepreneurship in the creative
industries. New Zeeland’s screen production industry.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6 (3), 143-150. doi: http://
dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000054662791
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and
behavior. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley
Forgas, J.P., Baumeister, R.F., & Tice, D.M. (2009). The psychology
of self-regulation. In J.P. Forgas, R.F. Baumeister & D.M. Tice
(Eds.). Psychology of Self-regulation (pp.183-197). New York:
Psychology Press.
Franklin, R.J. (2013). Motives, self-regulation, and a reconceptualization
of entrepreneurial success. Doctoral
Dissertation. Oklahoma State University.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M.M. (2014). The psychology of
entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology
and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413”“38. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
Geldhof, G.J., Weiner, M., Agans, J.P., Mueller, M.K., & Lerner,
R.M. (2014). Understanding entrepreneurial intent in late
adolescence. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 43, 81”“91 DOI
10.1007/s10964-013-9930-8
Hlady-Rispal, M., & Jouison-Laffitte, E. (2014) Qualitative
research methods and epistemological frameworks. Journal
of Small Business Management, 52(4), 594-614. doi: 10.1111/
jsbm.12123
Hoque, Z. (2004). A contingency model of the association
between strategy, environmental uncertainty and performance
measurement. International Business Review, 13(4), 485-502.
Doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.003
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in
factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179-185. Doi: 10.1007/
BF02289447
Jaramillo-Villanueva, J. L., Escobedo-Garrido, J. S., Morales-
Jimenez, J., & Ramos- Castro, J. G. (2012) Perfil emprendedor
de los pequeños empresarios agropecuarios en El Valle de
Puebla, México. Entramado, 8 (1), 44-57.
Johnson, A.R., & Delmar, F. (2009). Psychology of entrepreneurs.
Electronic copy available at Social Science Research Network:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1752103
Kanfer, F. H., & Karoly, P. (1972). Self-control: a behavioristic
excursion into the lion’s den. Behavior Therapy, 3, 398-416.
Doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(72)80140-0
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation
modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). Factor: A computer
program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model.
Behavior Research Methods, 38(1), 88-91. Doi: 10.3758/
BF03192753
Man, T. W. Y. (2001). Entrepreneurial competencies and the
performance of small and medium enterprises in the Hong
Kong services sector (Doctoral Dissertation, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong).
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2005). The context of entrepreneurship
in Hong Kong. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, 12(4), 464-481. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1108/14626000510628162
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial competencies
of AME owner/managers in the Hong Kong services sector.
Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(3), 235-254. Doi: 10.1142/
S0218495800000139
Mezo, P. (2008). The self-control and self-management scale
(SCMS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment, 31, 83-93. Doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9104-2
Mortan, R.A., Ripoli, P., Carvalho, C., & Bernal, M.C. (2014)
Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention
and self-efficacy. Journal of Work and Organizational
Psychology, 30, 97-104 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
rpto.2014.11.004
Pihie, Z.A.L., & Bagheri, A. (2013). Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial
intention: the mediation effect of self-regulation. Vocations and
Learning, 6, 385”“401. Doi: 10.1007/s12186-013-9101-9
Schumpeter, H. (1934). The theory of economic development.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sesen, H., & Pruett, M. (2014). The impact of education,
economy, and culture on entrepreneurial motives, barriers and
intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23 (2), 231-261. doi:
10.1177/0971355714535309
Simsek, Z., Heavey, C., & Veiga, J.J.F. (2010). The impact of CEO
core self´-evaluation on the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation.
Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 110”“119. doi 10.1002/
smj.800
Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2005). Performance concepts and
performance theory. In S. Sonnentag (Ed.), Psychological
Management of Individual Performance (pp.3-27). Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Throsby, D. (2001). Defining the artistic workforce: The Australian
experience. Poetics, 28(4), 255-271. doi: 10.1016/S0304-
422X(01)80003-6
Vale, G. M. V. (2014) Empreendedor: Origens, Concepções
Teóricas, Dispersão e Integração. Revista de Administração
Contemporânea, 18(6), 874-891. doi: 10.1590/1982-
7849rac20141244
Wikström, P. (2009). The adaptive behavior of music firms: a music
industry feedback model. Journal of Media Business Studies,
6(2), 67-96. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2009.11073485
competencies and entrepreneurial success in AMEs in Australia
and Malaysia (Dissertação de Doutorado, Universidade de
Adelaide, Sydney, Austrália).
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions. In J. Kihl & J. Beckmann
(Orgs.) Action control (pp.11-39). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,
50, 248-287.
Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a psychology of human agency.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1 (2), 164”“180.
doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator
variable distinction in social psychology research. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182. doi:
10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Baumeister, R.F,; Bratslavsky E., Muraven M., & Tice, D. M.
(1998). Ego depletion: is the active self a limited resource?
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1252-
1265 doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1252
Bendassolli, P. F., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2013). Desempenho
empreendedor nas indústrias criativas. Temas em Psicologia,
21(1), 105-120 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9788/TP2013.1-13.
Bendassolli, P. F., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2015). Meaning,
meaningfulness, and tensions in artistic work. Revista
Psicologia: Organizações e Trabalho, 15(1), 71-81.
Bendassolli, P. F., & Wood Jr., T. (2010). O paradoxo de Mozart:
carreiras nas indústrias criativas. Organizações & Sociedade,
17, 259-277.
Bendassolli, P. F., Wood Jr., T., Kirschbaum, C., & Cunha, M. P. E.
(2009). Indústrias criativas: definição, limites e possibilidades.
RAE, 49,10-18. doi: 10.1590/S0034-75902009000100003
Beugelsdijk, S., & Maseland, R. (2011). Culture in economics.
Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Brandstätter, H. (2011). Personality aspects of entrepreneurship.
Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 222-230.
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.007
Bryant, P. (2009). Self-regulation and moral awareness among
entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 24, 505”“518.
doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.005
Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS.
New York: Routledge.
Carbone, P.P., Brandão, H.P., Leite, J.B., & Vilhena, R.M. (2009).
Gestão por competências e gestão do conhecimento. Rio de
Janeiro: Fundação Getúlio Vargas.
Carland, J. W., Hoy. F., Boulton, W., & Carland, J. A. C. (1984).
Differentiating entrepreneurs from small business owners: A
conceptualization. Academy of Management Review, 9, 354-
359. Doi: 10.5465/AMR.1984.4277721
Caves, R. E. (2000). Creative industries: Contracts between art
and commerce. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H. (1994). Founder competence, the
environment, and venture performance. Entrepreneurship:
Theory and Practice, 18(3), 77-89.
Cooley, L. (1990). Entrepreneurship training and the strengthening
of entrepreneurial performance. Washington: USAID.
Correa, V. S.. & Vale, G. M. V. (2014). Redes sociais, perfil
empreendedor e trajetórias. Revista de Administração (São
Paulo), 49 (1), 77-88. Doi: 10.5700/rausp1132
De Bruin, A. (2005). Multi-level entrepreneurship in the creative
industries. New Zeeland’s screen production industry.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 6 (3), 143-150. doi: http://
dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000054662791
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and
behavior. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley
Forgas, J.P., Baumeister, R.F., & Tice, D.M. (2009). The psychology
of self-regulation. In J.P. Forgas, R.F. Baumeister & D.M. Tice
(Eds.). Psychology of Self-regulation (pp.183-197). New York:
Psychology Press.
Franklin, R.J. (2013). Motives, self-regulation, and a reconceptualization
of entrepreneurial success. Doctoral
Dissertation. Oklahoma State University.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M.M. (2014). The psychology of
entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology
and Organizational Behavior, 1, 413”“38. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
Geldhof, G.J., Weiner, M., Agans, J.P., Mueller, M.K., & Lerner,
R.M. (2014). Understanding entrepreneurial intent in late
adolescence. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 43, 81”“91 DOI
10.1007/s10964-013-9930-8
Hlady-Rispal, M., & Jouison-Laffitte, E. (2014) Qualitative
research methods and epistemological frameworks. Journal
of Small Business Management, 52(4), 594-614. doi: 10.1111/
jsbm.12123
Hoque, Z. (2004). A contingency model of the association
between strategy, environmental uncertainty and performance
measurement. International Business Review, 13(4), 485-502.
Doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.003
Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in
factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30(2), 179-185. Doi: 10.1007/
BF02289447
Jaramillo-Villanueva, J. L., Escobedo-Garrido, J. S., Morales-
Jimenez, J., & Ramos- Castro, J. G. (2012) Perfil emprendedor
de los pequeños empresarios agropecuarios en El Valle de
Puebla, México. Entramado, 8 (1), 44-57.
Johnson, A.R., & Delmar, F. (2009). Psychology of entrepreneurs.
Electronic copy available at Social Science Research Network:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1752103
Kanfer, F. H., & Karoly, P. (1972). Self-control: a behavioristic
excursion into the lion’s den. Behavior Therapy, 3, 398-416.
Doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(72)80140-0
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation
modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P. J. (2006). Factor: A computer
program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model.
Behavior Research Methods, 38(1), 88-91. Doi: 10.3758/
BF03192753
Man, T. W. Y. (2001). Entrepreneurial competencies and the
performance of small and medium enterprises in the Hong
Kong services sector (Doctoral Dissertation, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong).
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2005). The context of entrepreneurship
in Hong Kong. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise
Development, 12(4), 464-481. Doi: http://dx.doi.
org/10.1108/14626000510628162
Man, T. W. Y., & Lau, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial competencies
of AME owner/managers in the Hong Kong services sector.
Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(3), 235-254. Doi: 10.1142/
S0218495800000139
Mezo, P. (2008). The self-control and self-management scale
(SCMS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment, 31, 83-93. Doi: 10.1007/s10862-008-9104-2
Mortan, R.A., Ripoli, P., Carvalho, C., & Bernal, M.C. (2014)
Effects of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial intention
and self-efficacy. Journal of Work and Organizational
Psychology, 30, 97-104 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.
rpto.2014.11.004
Pihie, Z.A.L., & Bagheri, A. (2013). Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial
intention: the mediation effect of self-regulation. Vocations and
Learning, 6, 385”“401. Doi: 10.1007/s12186-013-9101-9
Schumpeter, H. (1934). The theory of economic development.
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Sesen, H., & Pruett, M. (2014). The impact of education,
economy, and culture on entrepreneurial motives, barriers and
intention. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23 (2), 231-261. doi:
10.1177/0971355714535309
Simsek, Z., Heavey, C., & Veiga, J.J.F. (2010). The impact of CEO
core self´-evaluation on the firm’s entrepreneurial orientation.
Strategic Management Journal, 31(1), 110”“119. doi 10.1002/
smj.800
Sonnentag, S., & Frese, M. (2005). Performance concepts and
performance theory. In S. Sonnentag (Ed.), Psychological
Management of Individual Performance (pp.3-27). Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Throsby, D. (2001). Defining the artistic workforce: The Australian
experience. Poetics, 28(4), 255-271. doi: 10.1016/S0304-
422X(01)80003-6
Vale, G. M. V. (2014) Empreendedor: Origens, Concepções
Teóricas, Dispersão e Integração. Revista de Administração
Contemporânea, 18(6), 874-891. doi: 10.1590/1982-
7849rac20141244
Wikström, P. (2009). The adaptive behavior of music firms: a music
industry feedback model. Journal of Media Business Studies,
6(2), 67-96. doi: 10.1080/16522354.2009.11073485
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Publicado
2017-05-23
Como Citar
Bendassolli, P. F., Borges-Andrade, J. E., Gondim, S. M., & Makhamid Makhamed, Y. (2017). Desempenho, autorregulação e competências de empreendedores de indústrias criativas brasileiras. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 32(5). Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/19396
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Estudos Empíricos
