Lands, Socio-spatial Mobility at the Borders and Citizenship: Three rights historically denied to the Avá-Guarani from the West of Paraná in the Triple Border (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina)

Abstract

The violation of territorial / socioenvironmental rights of the Avá-Guarani of the West of Paraná, a region included in the Triple Border (Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina), occurred from 1940, when they were impacted by large state projects: Parque Nacional do Iguaçu (1939) and Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Plant, from project to installation, from 1971 to 1982. In these 43 years, population and land data have been manipulated by institutional powers through actions / strategies that did not recognize the majority of the population and indigenous lands as such. They were expelled (physical violence) and their lands were ruined (document fraud). Almost all Avá-Guarani in the region were forced to go to indigenous lands already demarcated for another ethnicity, forced to seek refuge in other Guarani villages and, in their majority, they were pushed from Brazilian territory to villages in Paraguay. Land repossessions by Avá-Guarani have recently taken place; they are tiny and insufficient for dignified and rightful survival. They are surrounded by agribusiness, therefore by pesticides. The judicialization of the case is recent. Challenge: implement measures to repair rights. Methodology: field research with informants Avá-Guarani; ethnographic, archaeological, historical and geographic studies of Western Paraná; study of the institutional documentation on the grouping; study of indigenous legislation on the documentation raised. Theoretical basis: dialectical materialism.