Survey of Formicidae (Hymenoptera) in green manures: during development and after management incorporation of dry matter to the soil

Abstract

The experiment was conducted at the center of agricultural sciences of Federal University of São Carlos, in the municipality of Araras (São Paulo) (22° 21 ' 25 "and 47° 23 ' 03") in the experimental area of 1344 m2, in the period from January to July 2010.The objective was to assess the occurrence and diversity of Formicidae in different green manure fertilization treatments, during and after development and for incorporation into dry matter soill. The study was composed of five treatments: T1, crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum); T2, crotalaria, millet and velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima); T3, crotalaria and organic compound; T4, crotalaria, millet and organic compound and T5, crotalaria, millet and velvet bean and organic compound. The amount of organic compound used in the treatments, 2,79 t/ha, was calculated in accordance with the provision of P2O5 (14mg/dm3) in soil. The design of the experiment was of blocks randomized, with four replications. The ants were captured every two weeks, through the pitfalls of type "pitfall", which remained at fixed points within each plot, during the development of green manure and after its incorporation into the soil. In the sampling of Formicidae collected in this study were identified five subfamilies and 15 genera, Atta spp., Monomorium spp., Pheidole spp. and Dorymyrmex spp. The higher diversity index and uniformity of distribution of ants in green manure plants was observed in the T4 (crotalaria, millet and use of organic compound) and after managing to incorporation of the dry matter in the soil was T2 (crotalaria, millet and velvet bean).