Cultivo do Alho ‘Quitéria’ em sistema de produção em transição agroecológica

Abstract

This research aims with the objective of studing the garlic cultivation in an agroecological transition system, characterizing the garlic production systems in relation to their ecological and sociocultural compounds, two experiments were made at the field of Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária –FEPAGRO/SUL, Rio Grande city, RS, from August to December of 2005 and 2006. Quitéria cultivar was used and submitted to the following treatments: ST+BM+SM+CU+WF–Seed Treatment + Bordeaux mixture (0,5%) + Biofertilizer “SuperMagro”(5%) + Cow’s urine (0,5%) + Wheat Flour (100g); ST+CB+SM+AL - Seed treatment + Bordeaux mixture (0,5%) + Biofertilizer “SuperMagro”(5%) + Alhol(1%); ST–Seed treatment; STA + BM+SM+CU+WF–Seed treatment absence + Bordeaux mixture (0,5%) + Biofertilizer “SuperMagro”(5%) + Cow’s urine (0,5%) + Wheat Flour (100g); STA + BM+SM+AL -Seed treatment absence + Bordeaux mixture (0,5%) + Biofertilizer “SuperMagro”(5%) + Alhol (1%); STA–Seed treatment absence (witness). The experiments were lead at random block design with four repetitions. The analyzed variables were post-harvest weight, yield, bulb diameter, bulb number, clove number per bulbs and macronutrients content at aerial plant part. It was also made evaluations with soil quality indicators at the respective area comparing to native vegetation area. Worms mite and springtails population and the microbial carbon or microbial biomass were used as biological quality soil indicators and as chemical soil quality indicators, the values referring to phosphorous contend, base saturation, organic carbon and total nitrogen were used. Interviews with agriculturist began in 2006, in order to realize also the social problematic of garlic cultivation, linking the grower to the research work, to his social environmental history an to local reality of the researched region. It was concluded that the seed treatment and leaf fertilization used had not influenced post-harvest weight, yield and nitrogen,phosphorous, calcium and magnesium content of the garlic aerial part; leaf fertilization had in 2006’s crop-season, positive effect on bulb number, clove number per bulbs and bulb diameter, the ecological base transition system used at the garlic cultivated area provided a positive effect on soil quality, in the both years studied, this way, it contributed, on this way, to the agroecological transition process; Quitéria garlic culture had a harsh reduction of the cropped area at the last ten years, persisting only as a culture to the regional families consumption; the area reduction of the garlic culture was basically derived by an organizational lack of the production chain, of technical assistance deficiency and of disease problems deriving of management.