Ensayos no destructivos, digitalización y gemelos digitales en edificios históricos: una revisión sistemática
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https://doi.org/10.18830/1679-09442026v19e60423Palabras clave:
Ensayos no destructivos, Monitoreo, Patrimonio construido, PRISMA, Revisión sistemáticaResumen
La preservación del patrimonio construido es una práctica esencial, ya que estos bienes reúnen valores históricos, culturales y técnicos cuya degradación o pérdida compromete de manera irreversible la memoria colectiva. Las edificaciones de interés histórico requieren inspecciones y monitoreos constantes que, en muchos casos, no deben causar alteraciones ni daños en su estructura. En este contexto, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo investigar técnicas para el seguimiento del estado de conservación de edificaciones de interés histórico. Para ello, se empleó el método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), que orientó la selección y el análisis de los artículos científicos, permitiendo la elaboración de una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) de forma estructurada. La investigación se centró en los ensayos no destructivos y en las técnicas de digitalización y creación de gemelos digitales, que se relacionan directamente con los estudios de caracterización y documentación del patrimonio construido. Los resultados revelaron que la inspección visual, el Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) y la Termografía Infrarroja (IRT) son ampliamente utilizados para la caracterización de edificios históricos. La digitalización para la creación de gemelos digitales en el patrimonio construido se ha realizado mediante fotografías, fotogrametría y escaneo láser móvil, con el objetivo de monitorear los procesos de deterioro, entre otras contribuciones al campo de la conservación.
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