Paradigma Deese-Roediger-McDermott:
Efeito da evocação prévia e tipo de tarefa de memória
Palabras clave:
Processos Psicológicos Básicos; Psicologia da Memória, Falsas memórias, Paradigma DRM, Teste de memória, Nível de processamento, Recordação préviaResumen
Dentre as metodologias utilizadas para analisar as memórias falsas destaca-se o paradigma DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott), que consiste na apresentação de palavras associadas a um item (crítico) que não consta da lista. Neste estudo pretendemos, fundamentalmente, testar se os itens críticos poderiam ser recuperados numa tarefa de complemento de inícios de palavras. Para averiguarmos a contaminação do teste de memória implícita manipulámos o nível de processamento. Verificou-se que o efeito de primação semântica foi significativo e estatisticamente superior ao de primação directa. Dada a ausência do efeito do nível de processamento, a tarefa de completamento de inícios de palavras foi, efectivamente, de memória implícita. Os resultados são interpretados com base no mecanismo de propagação automática da activação e dos processos de monitorização.
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Albuquerque, P. B. (2001). Memória implícita e processamento: Do subliminar à formação de imagens. Braga: Centro de Estudos em Educação e Psicologia da Universidade do Minho.
Albuquerque, P. B. (2005). Produção de evocações e reconhecimentos falsos em 100 listas de palavras associadas portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 3, 3-12.
Albuquerque, P. B., & Pimentel, E. (2005). Impacto da inibição do efeito de recência na produção de falsas memórias em listas de associados. Psicologia Educação e Cultura, 9(1), 69-87.
Busnello, R. H. D. (2010). Memória implícita, priming e falsas memórias. In L. M. Stein (Org.), Falsas memórias: Fundamentos científicos e suas aplicações clínicas e jurídicas (pp. 101-132). São Paulo: Artmed Editora.
Chan, J. C. K., McDermott, K. B., Watson, J. M., & Gallo, D. A. (2005). The importance of material-processing interactions in inducing false memories. Memory & Cognition, 33(3), 389-395.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17-22.
Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: false memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.
Gallo, D. A., Roberts, M. J., & Seamon, J. G. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 271-276.
Gallo, D. A., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2001). Associative false recognition occurs without strategic criterion shifts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 579-586.
Hicks, J. L., & Starns, J. J. (2005). False memories lack perceptual detail: Evidence from implicit word-stem completion and perceptual identification tests. Journal of Memory and Language, 52, 309-321.
Israel, L., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(4), 577-581.
McBride, D. M., Coane, J. H., & Raulerson III, B. A. (2006). An investigation of false memory in perceptual implicit tasks. Acta Psychologica, 123, 240-260.
McDermott, K. B. (1997). Priming on perceptual implicit memory tests can be achieved through presentation of associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(4), 582-586.
McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (1998). Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 508-520.
McKone, E. (2004). Distinguishing true from false memories via lexical decision as a perceptual implicit test. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 42-49.
McKone, E., & Murphy, B. (2000). Implicit false memory: Effects of modality and multiple study presentations on long-lived semantic priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 89-109.
Pimentel, E., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2007). Normas completamento de radicais de palavras portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 5(1), 65-80.
Pinho, M. S., Simões, M. R., Beato, M. S., & Díez, E. (2004). Estudo exploratório sobre a resistência ao efeito de evocação falsa imediata no paradigma DRM. Psicologia e Educação, 3(2), 57-69.
Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2000). The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(1), 158-162.
Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: A commentary. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28(4), 373-380.
Roediger, H. L., & Blaxton, T. A. (1987). Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion. Memory & Cognition, 15(5), 379-388.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K.B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 8 (pp. 63-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Distortions of Memory. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory (pp. 149-162). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Roediger, H. L., Weldon, M. S., & Challis, B. H. (1989). Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account. In H. L. Roediger & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 3-39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13(3), 501-518.
Schacter, D. L., Dobbins, I. G., & Schnyer, D. M. (2004). Specificity of priming: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 853-862.
Schacter, D. L., Gallo, D. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of implicit and false memories: Perspectives on processing specificity. In J. S. Nairne (Ed.) The foundations of remembering: Essays in honour of Henry L. Roediger III (pp. 353-378). New York: Psychology Press.
Schacter, D. L., Israel, L., & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 1-24.
Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Pierce, B. H., & Choi, H. (2002). The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: the Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 436-447.
Stein, L. M., Feix, L. F., & Rohenkohl, G. (2006). Avanços metodológicos no estudo das falsas memórias: Construção e normatização do procedimento de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19(2), 166-176.
Stein, L. M., & Pergher, G. K. (2001). Criando falsas memórias em adultos por meio de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14(2), 353-366.
Tajika, H., & Hamajima, H. (2002). Effects of imagery instructions on false memories produced on implicit and explicit memory tests. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 73, 324”“331.
Tajika, H., Neumann, E., Hamajima, H., & Iwahara, A. (2005). Eliciting false memories on implicit and explicit memory tests after incidental learning. Japanese Psychological Research, 47(1), 31”“39.
Thapar, A., & McDermott, K. B. (2001) False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing. Memory and Cognition, 29(3), 424-432.
Toglia, M. P., Neuschatz, J. S., & Goodwin, K. A. (1999). Recall accuracy and illusory memories: When more is less. Memory, 7(2), 233-256.
Zeelenberg, R., & Pecher, D. (2002). False memories and lexical decision: even twelve primes do not cause long-term semantic priming. Acta Psychologica, 109, 269-284.
Albuquerque, P. B. (2005). Produção de evocações e reconhecimentos falsos em 100 listas de palavras associadas portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 3, 3-12.
Albuquerque, P. B., & Pimentel, E. (2005). Impacto da inibição do efeito de recência na produção de falsas memórias em listas de associados. Psicologia Educação e Cultura, 9(1), 69-87.
Busnello, R. H. D. (2010). Memória implícita, priming e falsas memórias. In L. M. Stein (Org.), Falsas memórias: Fundamentos científicos e suas aplicações clínicas e jurídicas (pp. 101-132). São Paulo: Artmed Editora.
Chan, J. C. K., McDermott, K. B., Watson, J. M., & Gallo, D. A. (2005). The importance of material-processing interactions in inducing false memories. Memory & Cognition, 33(3), 389-395.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17-22.
Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: false memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.
Gallo, D. A., Roberts, M. J., & Seamon, J. G. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 271-276.
Gallo, D. A., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2001). Associative false recognition occurs without strategic criterion shifts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 579-586.
Hicks, J. L., & Starns, J. J. (2005). False memories lack perceptual detail: Evidence from implicit word-stem completion and perceptual identification tests. Journal of Memory and Language, 52, 309-321.
Israel, L., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(4), 577-581.
McBride, D. M., Coane, J. H., & Raulerson III, B. A. (2006). An investigation of false memory in perceptual implicit tasks. Acta Psychologica, 123, 240-260.
McDermott, K. B. (1997). Priming on perceptual implicit memory tests can be achieved through presentation of associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(4), 582-586.
McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (1998). Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 508-520.
McKone, E. (2004). Distinguishing true from false memories via lexical decision as a perceptual implicit test. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 42-49.
McKone, E., & Murphy, B. (2000). Implicit false memory: Effects of modality and multiple study presentations on long-lived semantic priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 89-109.
Pimentel, E., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2007). Normas completamento de radicais de palavras portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 5(1), 65-80.
Pinho, M. S., Simões, M. R., Beato, M. S., & Díez, E. (2004). Estudo exploratório sobre a resistência ao efeito de evocação falsa imediata no paradigma DRM. Psicologia e Educação, 3(2), 57-69.
Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2000). The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(1), 158-162.
Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: A commentary. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28(4), 373-380.
Roediger, H. L., & Blaxton, T. A. (1987). Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion. Memory & Cognition, 15(5), 379-388.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K.B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 8 (pp. 63-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Distortions of Memory. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory (pp. 149-162). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Roediger, H. L., Weldon, M. S., & Challis, B. H. (1989). Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account. In H. L. Roediger & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 3-39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13(3), 501-518.
Schacter, D. L., Dobbins, I. G., & Schnyer, D. M. (2004). Specificity of priming: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 853-862.
Schacter, D. L., Gallo, D. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of implicit and false memories: Perspectives on processing specificity. In J. S. Nairne (Ed.) The foundations of remembering: Essays in honour of Henry L. Roediger III (pp. 353-378). New York: Psychology Press.
Schacter, D. L., Israel, L., & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 1-24.
Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Pierce, B. H., & Choi, H. (2002). The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: the Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 436-447.
Stein, L. M., Feix, L. F., & Rohenkohl, G. (2006). Avanços metodológicos no estudo das falsas memórias: Construção e normatização do procedimento de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19(2), 166-176.
Stein, L. M., & Pergher, G. K. (2001). Criando falsas memórias em adultos por meio de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14(2), 353-366.
Tajika, H., & Hamajima, H. (2002). Effects of imagery instructions on false memories produced on implicit and explicit memory tests. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 73, 324”“331.
Tajika, H., Neumann, E., Hamajima, H., & Iwahara, A. (2005). Eliciting false memories on implicit and explicit memory tests after incidental learning. Japanese Psychological Research, 47(1), 31”“39.
Thapar, A., & McDermott, K. B. (2001) False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing. Memory and Cognition, 29(3), 424-432.
Toglia, M. P., Neuschatz, J. S., & Goodwin, K. A. (1999). Recall accuracy and illusory memories: When more is less. Memory, 7(2), 233-256.
Zeelenberg, R., & Pecher, D. (2002). False memories and lexical decision: even twelve primes do not cause long-term semantic priming. Acta Psychologica, 109, 269-284.
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Publicado
2011-09-22
Cómo citar
Pimentel, E., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2011). Paradigma Deese-Roediger-McDermott:: Efeito da evocação prévia e tipo de tarefa de memória. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 27(3), 315–326. Recuperado a partir de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17539
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