Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm:
Effect of Previous Recall and Type of Memory Task
Keywords:
False memories, DRM paradigm, Memory test, Level of processing, Previous recallAbstract
The DRM (Deese-Roediger-McDermott) paradigm has been one of the most widely used methods to analyze false memories. This methodology comprises the presentation of words associated to a nonpresented (critical) item. The main goal of the current study was to examine whether the critical items could occur in word stem completion task. In order to determine the contamination of the implicit memory test we manipulated the level of processing. The results revealed that semantic priming effect was significant, and also statistically above the direct priming effect. Moreover, since the level of processing had no effect in word stem completion task, it was in fact an implicit memory task. The data obtained are explained according the automatic spreading activation mechanism and the monitoring process.
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References
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Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17-22.
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Gallo, D. A., Roberts, M. J., & Seamon, J. G. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 271-276.
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McBride, D. M., Coane, J. H., & Raulerson III, B. A. (2006). An investigation of false memory in perceptual implicit tasks. Acta Psychologica, 123, 240-260.
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Pimentel, E., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2007). Normas completamento de radicais de palavras portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 5(1), 65-80.
Pinho, M. S., Simões, M. R., Beato, M. S., & Díez, E. (2004). Estudo exploratório sobre a resistência ao efeito de evocação falsa imediata no paradigma DRM. Psicologia e Educação, 3(2), 57-69.
Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2000). The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(1), 158-162.
Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: A commentary. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28(4), 373-380.
Roediger, H. L., & Blaxton, T. A. (1987). Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion. Memory & Cognition, 15(5), 379-388.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K.B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 8 (pp. 63-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Distortions of Memory. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory (pp. 149-162). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Roediger, H. L., Weldon, M. S., & Challis, B. H. (1989). Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account. In H. L. Roediger & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 3-39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13(3), 501-518.
Schacter, D. L., Dobbins, I. G., & Schnyer, D. M. (2004). Specificity of priming: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 853-862.
Schacter, D. L., Gallo, D. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of implicit and false memories: Perspectives on processing specificity. In J. S. Nairne (Ed.) The foundations of remembering: Essays in honour of Henry L. Roediger III (pp. 353-378). New York: Psychology Press.
Schacter, D. L., Israel, L., & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 1-24.
Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Pierce, B. H., & Choi, H. (2002). The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: the Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 436-447.
Stein, L. M., Feix, L. F., & Rohenkohl, G. (2006). Avanços metodológicos no estudo das falsas memórias: Construção e normatização do procedimento de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19(2), 166-176.
Stein, L. M., & Pergher, G. K. (2001). Criando falsas memórias em adultos por meio de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14(2), 353-366.
Tajika, H., & Hamajima, H. (2002). Effects of imagery instructions on false memories produced on implicit and explicit memory tests. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 73, 324”“331.
Tajika, H., Neumann, E., Hamajima, H., & Iwahara, A. (2005). Eliciting false memories on implicit and explicit memory tests after incidental learning. Japanese Psychological Research, 47(1), 31”“39.
Thapar, A., & McDermott, K. B. (2001) False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing. Memory and Cognition, 29(3), 424-432.
Toglia, M. P., Neuschatz, J. S., & Goodwin, K. A. (1999). Recall accuracy and illusory memories: When more is less. Memory, 7(2), 233-256.
Zeelenberg, R., & Pecher, D. (2002). False memories and lexical decision: even twelve primes do not cause long-term semantic priming. Acta Psychologica, 109, 269-284.
Albuquerque, P. B. (2005). Produção de evocações e reconhecimentos falsos em 100 listas de palavras associadas portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 3, 3-12.
Albuquerque, P. B., & Pimentel, E. (2005). Impacto da inibição do efeito de recência na produção de falsas memórias em listas de associados. Psicologia Educação e Cultura, 9(1), 69-87.
Busnello, R. H. D. (2010). Memória implícita, priming e falsas memórias. In L. M. Stein (Org.), Falsas memórias: Fundamentos científicos e suas aplicações clínicas e jurídicas (pp. 101-132). São Paulo: Artmed Editora.
Chan, J. C. K., McDermott, K. B., Watson, J. M., & Gallo, D. A. (2005). The importance of material-processing interactions in inducing false memories. Memory & Cognition, 33(3), 389-395.
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671-684.
Deese, J. (1959). On the prediction of occurrence of particular verbal intrusions in immediate recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58(1), 17-22.
Gallo, D. A. (2006). Associative illusions of memory: false memory research in DRM and related tasks. New York: Psychology Press.
Gallo, D. A., Roberts, M. J., & Seamon, J. G. (1997). Remembering words not presented in lists: Can we avoid creating false memories? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(2), 271-276.
Gallo, D. A., Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2001). Associative false recognition occurs without strategic criterion shifts. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 579-586.
Hicks, J. L., & Starns, J. J. (2005). False memories lack perceptual detail: Evidence from implicit word-stem completion and perceptual identification tests. Journal of Memory and Language, 52, 309-321.
Israel, L., & Schacter, D. L. (1997). Pictorial encoding reduces false recognition of semantic associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(4), 577-581.
McBride, D. M., Coane, J. H., & Raulerson III, B. A. (2006). An investigation of false memory in perceptual implicit tasks. Acta Psychologica, 123, 240-260.
McDermott, K. B. (1997). Priming on perceptual implicit memory tests can be achieved through presentation of associates. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4(4), 582-586.
McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (1998). Attempting to avoid illusory memories: Robust false recognition of associates persists under conditions of explicit warnings and immediate testing. Journal of Memory and Language, 39, 508-520.
McKone, E. (2004). Distinguishing true from false memories via lexical decision as a perceptual implicit test. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 42-49.
McKone, E., & Murphy, B. (2000). Implicit false memory: Effects of modality and multiple study presentations on long-lived semantic priming. Journal of Memory and Language, 43, 89-109.
Pimentel, E., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2007). Normas completamento de radicais de palavras portuguesas. Laboratório de Psicologia, 5(1), 65-80.
Pinho, M. S., Simões, M. R., Beato, M. S., & Díez, E. (2004). Estudo exploratório sobre a resistência ao efeito de evocação falsa imediata no paradigma DRM. Psicologia e Educação, 3(2), 57-69.
Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2000). The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(1), 158-162.
Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: A commentary. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28(4), 373-380.
Roediger, H. L., & Blaxton, T. A. (1987). Effects of varying modality, surface features, and retention interval on priming in word fragment completion. Memory & Cognition, 15(5), 379-388.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K.B. (1993). Implicit memory in normal human subjects. In F. Boller & J. Grafman (Eds.), Handbook of neuropsychology, Vol. 8 (pp. 63-131). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(4), 803-814.
Roediger, H. L., & McDermott, K. B. (2000). Distortions of Memory. In E. Tulving & F. I. M. Craik. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Memory (pp. 149-162). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Roediger, H. L., Weldon, M. S., & Challis, B. H. (1989). Explaining dissociations between implicit and explicit measures of retention: A processing account. In H. L. Roediger & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory and consciousness: Essays in honour of Endel Tulving (pp. 3-39). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schacter, D. L. (1987). Implicit memory: History and current status. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13(3), 501-518.
Schacter, D. L., Dobbins, I. G., & Schnyer, D. M. (2004). Specificity of priming: A cognitive neuroscience perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5, 853-862.
Schacter, D. L., Gallo, D. A., & Kensinger, E. A. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of implicit and false memories: Perspectives on processing specificity. In J. S. Nairne (Ed.) The foundations of remembering: Essays in honour of Henry L. Roediger III (pp. 353-378). New York: Psychology Press.
Schacter, D. L., Israel, L., & Racine, C. (1999). Suppressing false recognition in younger and older adults: The distinctiveness heuristic. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 1-24.
Smith, S. M., Gerkens, D. R., Pierce, B. H., & Choi, H. (2002). The roles of associative responses at study and semantically guided recollection at test in false memory: the Kirkpatrick and Deese hypotheses. Journal of Memory and Language, 47, 436-447.
Stein, L. M., Feix, L. F., & Rohenkohl, G. (2006). Avanços metodológicos no estudo das falsas memórias: Construção e normatização do procedimento de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 19(2), 166-176.
Stein, L. M., & Pergher, G. K. (2001). Criando falsas memórias em adultos por meio de palavras associadas. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14(2), 353-366.
Tajika, H., & Hamajima, H. (2002). Effects of imagery instructions on false memories produced on implicit and explicit memory tests. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 73, 324”“331.
Tajika, H., Neumann, E., Hamajima, H., & Iwahara, A. (2005). Eliciting false memories on implicit and explicit memory tests after incidental learning. Japanese Psychological Research, 47(1), 31”“39.
Thapar, A., & McDermott, K. B. (2001) False recall and false recognition induced by presentation of associated words: Effects of retention interval and level of processing. Memory and Cognition, 29(3), 424-432.
Toglia, M. P., Neuschatz, J. S., & Goodwin, K. A. (1999). Recall accuracy and illusory memories: When more is less. Memory, 7(2), 233-256.
Zeelenberg, R., & Pecher, D. (2002). False memories and lexical decision: even twelve primes do not cause long-term semantic priming. Acta Psychologica, 109, 269-284.
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Published
2011-09-22
How to Cite
Pimentel, E., & Albuquerque, P. B. (2011). Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm:: Effect of Previous Recall and Type of Memory Task. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 27(3), 315–326. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17539
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Estudos Empíricos
