Linguagem na Síndrome de Down
Palabras clave:
Aquisição de linguagem, Síndrome de Down, Percepção de fala, Produção verbal e cogniçãoResumen
A linguagem é a área do desenvolvimento do comportamento das pessoas com síndrome de Down mais comprometida quando comparada ao de outras áreas como desenvolvimento cognitivo, sócio-afetivo e motor. Alguns fatores que interferem no processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento da habilidade de linguagem nestas pessoas são descritos, entre eles problemas mecânicos da fala, defeitos sensoriais e alterações neurológicas. Aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos são também descritos no intuito de buscar uma melhor compreensão da relação entre percepção e produção de fala. Finalmente, discute-se a relação entre linguagem e cognição e o quanto disfunções no processamento auditivo podem interferir no desenvolvimento destas habilidades
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Atkinson, J., Braddick, O. & Pimm-Smith, E. (1982). "Preferential
looking" for monocular and binocular acuity testing of infants.
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 66, 264-268.
Balkany, T.J. (1980). Otologic aspects of Down syndrome. Seminars
in Speech, Language and Hearing, 1, 39-48.
Barrio, J.A. (1993). Evaluation del desarrollo psicoling stico en
los ninos con sindrome de Down en edad escolar. Em J. Flórez
& M.V. Troncoso (Orgs.), Sindrome de Down у education (pp.
153-181). Santander: Ediciones Científicas y Técnicas.
Beeghly, M., Weiss-Perry, Ð’. & Cicchetti, D. (1990). Beyond sensorimotor
functioning: Early communicative and play-development
of children with Down syndrome. Em D. Cicchetti &
M. Beeghly (Orgs.), Children with Down syndrome: A developmental
perspective (pp. 329-369). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Bertelson, P. (1993). Reading acquisition and phonemic awareness
testing: How conclusive are data from Down's syndrome? (Remarks
on Cossu, Rossini, and Marshall, 1993). Cognition, 48,
281-283.
Blackbourn, J.M. & Bankston, D.W. (1989). Development of functional
use of oral language in a child with Down syndrome.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68, 1137-1138.
Buckhalt, J.A., Rutherford, R.B. & Goldberg, K.E. (1978). Verbal
and nonverbal interaction of mothers with their Down's syndrome
and nonretarded infants. American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 82, 337-343.
Carlesimo, G., Marotta, L. & Vicari, S. (1996). Long-term memory
in mental retardation: Evidence for a specific impairment in
subjects with Down's syndrome. Neuropsychology, 35, 71-79.
Chapman, R.S., Bird, E.K. & Schwartz, S.E. (1990). Fast mapping
of words in event contexts by children with Down syndrome.
Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 761-770.
Chapman, R.S., Schwartz, S.E. & Bird, E.K. (1991). Language
skills of children and adolescents with Down syndrome: I. Comprehension.
Journal of Language, Speech and Hearing Research,
34, 1106-1120.
Chapman, R.S., Seung, H.K., Schwartz, S.E. & Bird, E.K. (1998).
Language skills of children and adolescents with Down syndrome:
II. Production deficits. Journal of Language Speech,
and Hearing Research, 41, 861-73.
Cicchetti, D. & Sroufe, A. (1976). The relationship between affective
and cognitive development in Down's syndrome infants.
Child Development, 47, 920-929.
Cicchetti, D. & Sroufe, A. (1978). An organizational view of affect:
Illustration from the study of Down syndrome infants.
Em M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum (Orgs.), The development of
affect (pp. 309-350). New York: Plenum.
Cooper, S.A. & Collacott, R.A. (1995). The effect of age on language
in people with Down's syndrome. Journal of Intellectual
Disability Research, 39, 197-200.
Cossu, G., Rossini, F. & Marshall, J.C. (1993). When reading is
acquired but phonetic awareness is not: A study of literacy in
Down's syndrome. Cognition, 46, 129-138.
Cunningham, C. (1981). Hearing loss and treatment in young
Down's syndrome. Child: Care, Health and Development, 7,
357-374.
Dahle, A.J. & Baldwin, R.L. (1992). Audiologic and otolaryngologic
concerns. Em S. Pueschel & J. Pueschel (Orgs.), Biomedical
concerns in persons with Down syndrome (pp. 69-80). Baltimore:
Paul Brookes.
Dodd, B. (1975). Recognition and reproduction of words by Down's
syndrome and non-Down's syndrome retarded children. American
Journal of Mental Deficiency, 80, 306-311.
Fabretti, D., Pizzuto, E., Vicari, S. & Volterra, V. (1997). A story
description task in children with Down's syndrome: Lexical
and morphosyntatic abilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability
Research, 41, 165-179.
Fischer, M.A. (1988). The relationship between child initiations
and maternal responses in preschool-age children with Down
syndrome. Em K. Marfo (Org.), Parent-child interaction and
developmental disabilities (pp. 126-145). New York: Praeger.
Flórez, J. (1993). Actividad cerebral у lenguaje. Revista Síndrome
de Down, 10, 5-7.
Gompertz. J. (1990). Improving communication in Down syndrome.
The Lancet, 26, 1278.
Greenough, W.T., Black, J.E. & Wallace, C.S.W. (1987). Experience
and brain development. Child Development, 58, 539-559.
Harada, T. & Sando, I. (1981). Temporal bone histopathologic findings
in Down's syndrome. Archives of Otolaryngology, 107,
96-103.
Hodapp, R.M. (1988). The role of maternal emotions and perceptions
in interactions with young handicapped children. Em K.
Marfo (Org.), Parent-child interaction and developmental disabilities
(pp. 32-46). New York: Praeger.
Kalmar, M. & Bedõ-Prevics, E. (1987). Interplay of biological and
environmental factors in the development of a pair of Down
syndrome twins. Em H. Rauth & H.C. Steinhausen (Orgs.),
Psychobiology and early development (pp. 185-199). North
Holland: Elsevier.
Kumin, L., Councill, С & Goodman, M. (1994). A longitudinal
study of the emergence of phonemes in children with Down
syndrome. Journal of the Communication Disorders, 27, 293-
303.
Largo, R.H. (1987). Influence of pre-, peri-, and postnatal events
on language development during the first five years of life. Em
H. Rauth & H.C. Steinhausen (Orgs.), Psychobiology and early
development (pp. 171-183). North Holland: Elsevier.
Liberman, A.M. (1993). In speech perception, time is not what it
seems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 693, 264-
271.
Lynch, M.P., Oiler, K., Steffens, M.L., Levine, S., Basinger, D.L.
& Umbel, V (1995). Onset of speech-like vocalizations in infants
with Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation,
100, 68-86.
Lynch, M.P., Oiler, D.K., Steffens. M.L. & Buder, E.H. (1995).
Developmental Psychobiology, 28, 3-25.
Marcell, M.M., Ridgeway, M.M., Sewell, D.H. & Whelan, M.L.
(1995). Sentence imitation by adolescents and young adults
with Down's syndrome and other intellectual disabilities. Journal
of Intellectual Disability Research, 39, 215-232.
Mervis, C.B. & Bertrand, J. (1995). Acquisition of the novel name
- nameless category (N3C) principle by young children who
have Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation,
3, 231-243.
Miller, J.F. (1995). Individual differences in vocabulary acquisition
in children with Down syndrome. Em C.J. Epstein, T.
Hassold, I.T. Lott, L. Nadel & D. Patterson (Orgs.), Ethiology
and Pathogenesis of Down syndrome. Progress in Clinical and
Biological Research, 393, 93-103. New York: Wiley-Liss.
Miller, J.E, Leddy, M., Miolo, G. & Sedey, A. (1993). The development
of early language skills in children with Down syndrome.
Em L. Nadel & D. Rosenthal (Orgs.), Down syndrome:Proceedings of the international Down syndrome conference.
New York: Wiley-Liss.
Mogford, K. (1993). Oral language acquisition in the prelinguistically
deaf. Em D. Bishop & K. Mogford (Orgs.), Language
development in exceptional circumstances (pp. 110-131).
Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mogford, K. & Bishop, D. (1993a). Language development in unexceptional
circumstances. Em D. Bishop & K. Mogford
(Orgs.), Language development in exceptional circumstances
(pp. 10-28). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mogford, K. & Bishop, D. (1993b). Five questions about language
acquisition considered in the light of exceptional circumstances.
Em D. Bishop & K. Mogford (Orgs.), Language development
in exceptional circumstances (pp. 239-260). Hillsdale: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Mundy, P., Sigman M., Kasari, С & Yirmiya, N. (1988). Nonverbal
communication skills in Down syndrome children. Child
Development, 59, 235-249.
Prasher, V.P. (1996). The effect of age on language in people with
Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,
40, 484-486.
Roberts, J.E., Burchinal, M.R., Koch, M.A., Footo, M.M., &
Henderson, F.W. (1988). Otitis media in early childhood and
its relationship to later phonological development. Journal of
Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 416-424.
Rondai, J.A. (1988). Parent-child interaction and the process of
language acquisition in severe mental retardation: Beyond the
obvious. Em K. Marfo (Org.), Parent-child interaction and developmental
disabilities (pp. 114-125). New York: Praeger.
Rondai, J.A. (1993). Down's syndrome. Em D. Bishop & K.
Mogford (Orgs.), Language development in exceptional circumstances
(pp. 165-176). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sak, R.J. & Ruben, R.J. (1981). Recurrent middle ear effusion in
childhood: Implications of temporary auditory deprivation for
language and learning. Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology,
90, 546-551.
Smith, L. (1987). The Structure of "dialogue" in early language
development: Longitudinal case studies of Down syndrome and
nonretarded toddlers. Em H. Rauh & H.C. Steinhausen (Orgs.),
Psychobiology and early development (pp. 201-213). North
Holland: Elsevier.
Smith, L. &Tetzchner, S.V. (1986). Communicative, sensorimotor
and language skills of young children with Down syndrome.
American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 57-66.
Spiker, D. (1990). Intervention strategies from a developmental
perspective. Em D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Orgs.), Down syndrome:
The developmental perspective (pp. 424-448). New
York: Cambridge University Prees.
Steffens, M.L., Oiler, D.K., Lynch, M. & Urbano, R.C. (1992).
Vocal development in infants with Down syndrome and infants
who are developing normally. American Journal on Mental
Retardation, 97, 235-246.
So, L.K.H. & Dodd, B.J. (1994). Down's syndrome and the acquisition
of phonology by Cantonese-speaking children. Journal
of Intellectual Disability Research, 38, 501-517.
Stansfield, J.F. (1997). Expressive pragmatic skills in pre-school
children with and without Down's syndrome: Parental perceptions.
Journal of Intelectual Disability Research, 41, 19-29.
Taveira, R. (1995). Privação auditiva precoce em crianças portadoras
da síndrome de Down e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento
da linguagem. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade
de Brasília, Brasília.
Wagner, S., Ganiban, J. & Cicchetti, D. (1990). Attention, memory,
and perception: A review. Em D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly
(Orgs.), Children with Down syndrome, a developmental perspective
(pp. 147-179). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Weeks, D.J. & Elliott, D. (1992). Atypical cerebral dominance in
Down's syndrome. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30,
23-25.
Zellweger, H. (1977). Down syndrome. Em P.J. Vinken & G.W.
Bruyn (Orgs.), Handbook of clinical neurology, 31, parte 2 (pp.
367-469). New York: North Holland.
Zigler, E. & Hodapp, R.M. (1993). Understanding mental retardation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
looking" for monocular and binocular acuity testing of infants.
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 66, 264-268.
Balkany, T.J. (1980). Otologic aspects of Down syndrome. Seminars
in Speech, Language and Hearing, 1, 39-48.
Barrio, J.A. (1993). Evaluation del desarrollo psicoling stico en
los ninos con sindrome de Down en edad escolar. Em J. Flórez
& M.V. Troncoso (Orgs.), Sindrome de Down у education (pp.
153-181). Santander: Ediciones Científicas y Técnicas.
Beeghly, M., Weiss-Perry, Ð’. & Cicchetti, D. (1990). Beyond sensorimotor
functioning: Early communicative and play-development
of children with Down syndrome. Em D. Cicchetti &
M. Beeghly (Orgs.), Children with Down syndrome: A developmental
perspective (pp. 329-369). Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Bertelson, P. (1993). Reading acquisition and phonemic awareness
testing: How conclusive are data from Down's syndrome? (Remarks
on Cossu, Rossini, and Marshall, 1993). Cognition, 48,
281-283.
Blackbourn, J.M. & Bankston, D.W. (1989). Development of functional
use of oral language in a child with Down syndrome.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68, 1137-1138.
Buckhalt, J.A., Rutherford, R.B. & Goldberg, K.E. (1978). Verbal
and nonverbal interaction of mothers with their Down's syndrome
and nonretarded infants. American Journal of Mental
Deficiency, 82, 337-343.
Carlesimo, G., Marotta, L. & Vicari, S. (1996). Long-term memory
in mental retardation: Evidence for a specific impairment in
subjects with Down's syndrome. Neuropsychology, 35, 71-79.
Chapman, R.S., Bird, E.K. & Schwartz, S.E. (1990). Fast mapping
of words in event contexts by children with Down syndrome.
Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 761-770.
Chapman, R.S., Schwartz, S.E. & Bird, E.K. (1991). Language
skills of children and adolescents with Down syndrome: I. Comprehension.
Journal of Language, Speech and Hearing Research,
34, 1106-1120.
Chapman, R.S., Seung, H.K., Schwartz, S.E. & Bird, E.K. (1998).
Language skills of children and adolescents with Down syndrome:
II. Production deficits. Journal of Language Speech,
and Hearing Research, 41, 861-73.
Cicchetti, D. & Sroufe, A. (1976). The relationship between affective
and cognitive development in Down's syndrome infants.
Child Development, 47, 920-929.
Cicchetti, D. & Sroufe, A. (1978). An organizational view of affect:
Illustration from the study of Down syndrome infants.
Em M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum (Orgs.), The development of
affect (pp. 309-350). New York: Plenum.
Cooper, S.A. & Collacott, R.A. (1995). The effect of age on language
in people with Down's syndrome. Journal of Intellectual
Disability Research, 39, 197-200.
Cossu, G., Rossini, F. & Marshall, J.C. (1993). When reading is
acquired but phonetic awareness is not: A study of literacy in
Down's syndrome. Cognition, 46, 129-138.
Cunningham, C. (1981). Hearing loss and treatment in young
Down's syndrome. Child: Care, Health and Development, 7,
357-374.
Dahle, A.J. & Baldwin, R.L. (1992). Audiologic and otolaryngologic
concerns. Em S. Pueschel & J. Pueschel (Orgs.), Biomedical
concerns in persons with Down syndrome (pp. 69-80). Baltimore:
Paul Brookes.
Dodd, B. (1975). Recognition and reproduction of words by Down's
syndrome and non-Down's syndrome retarded children. American
Journal of Mental Deficiency, 80, 306-311.
Fabretti, D., Pizzuto, E., Vicari, S. & Volterra, V. (1997). A story
description task in children with Down's syndrome: Lexical
and morphosyntatic abilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability
Research, 41, 165-179.
Fischer, M.A. (1988). The relationship between child initiations
and maternal responses in preschool-age children with Down
syndrome. Em K. Marfo (Org.), Parent-child interaction and
developmental disabilities (pp. 126-145). New York: Praeger.
Flórez, J. (1993). Actividad cerebral у lenguaje. Revista Síndrome
de Down, 10, 5-7.
Gompertz. J. (1990). Improving communication in Down syndrome.
The Lancet, 26, 1278.
Greenough, W.T., Black, J.E. & Wallace, C.S.W. (1987). Experience
and brain development. Child Development, 58, 539-559.
Harada, T. & Sando, I. (1981). Temporal bone histopathologic findings
in Down's syndrome. Archives of Otolaryngology, 107,
96-103.
Hodapp, R.M. (1988). The role of maternal emotions and perceptions
in interactions with young handicapped children. Em K.
Marfo (Org.), Parent-child interaction and developmental disabilities
(pp. 32-46). New York: Praeger.
Kalmar, M. & Bedõ-Prevics, E. (1987). Interplay of biological and
environmental factors in the development of a pair of Down
syndrome twins. Em H. Rauth & H.C. Steinhausen (Orgs.),
Psychobiology and early development (pp. 185-199). North
Holland: Elsevier.
Kumin, L., Councill, С & Goodman, M. (1994). A longitudinal
study of the emergence of phonemes in children with Down
syndrome. Journal of the Communication Disorders, 27, 293-
303.
Largo, R.H. (1987). Influence of pre-, peri-, and postnatal events
on language development during the first five years of life. Em
H. Rauth & H.C. Steinhausen (Orgs.), Psychobiology and early
development (pp. 171-183). North Holland: Elsevier.
Liberman, A.M. (1993). In speech perception, time is not what it
seems. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 693, 264-
271.
Lynch, M.P., Oiler, K., Steffens, M.L., Levine, S., Basinger, D.L.
& Umbel, V (1995). Onset of speech-like vocalizations in infants
with Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation,
100, 68-86.
Lynch, M.P., Oiler, D.K., Steffens. M.L. & Buder, E.H. (1995).
Developmental Psychobiology, 28, 3-25.
Marcell, M.M., Ridgeway, M.M., Sewell, D.H. & Whelan, M.L.
(1995). Sentence imitation by adolescents and young adults
with Down's syndrome and other intellectual disabilities. Journal
of Intellectual Disability Research, 39, 215-232.
Mervis, C.B. & Bertrand, J. (1995). Acquisition of the novel name
- nameless category (N3C) principle by young children who
have Down syndrome. American Journal on Mental Retardation,
3, 231-243.
Miller, J.F. (1995). Individual differences in vocabulary acquisition
in children with Down syndrome. Em C.J. Epstein, T.
Hassold, I.T. Lott, L. Nadel & D. Patterson (Orgs.), Ethiology
and Pathogenesis of Down syndrome. Progress in Clinical and
Biological Research, 393, 93-103. New York: Wiley-Liss.
Miller, J.E, Leddy, M., Miolo, G. & Sedey, A. (1993). The development
of early language skills in children with Down syndrome.
Em L. Nadel & D. Rosenthal (Orgs.), Down syndrome:Proceedings of the international Down syndrome conference.
New York: Wiley-Liss.
Mogford, K. (1993). Oral language acquisition in the prelinguistically
deaf. Em D. Bishop & K. Mogford (Orgs.), Language
development in exceptional circumstances (pp. 110-131).
Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mogford, K. & Bishop, D. (1993a). Language development in unexceptional
circumstances. Em D. Bishop & K. Mogford
(Orgs.), Language development in exceptional circumstances
(pp. 10-28). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Mogford, K. & Bishop, D. (1993b). Five questions about language
acquisition considered in the light of exceptional circumstances.
Em D. Bishop & K. Mogford (Orgs.), Language development
in exceptional circumstances (pp. 239-260). Hillsdale: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Mundy, P., Sigman M., Kasari, С & Yirmiya, N. (1988). Nonverbal
communication skills in Down syndrome children. Child
Development, 59, 235-249.
Prasher, V.P. (1996). The effect of age on language in people with
Down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,
40, 484-486.
Roberts, J.E., Burchinal, M.R., Koch, M.A., Footo, M.M., &
Henderson, F.W. (1988). Otitis media in early childhood and
its relationship to later phonological development. Journal of
Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 416-424.
Rondai, J.A. (1988). Parent-child interaction and the process of
language acquisition in severe mental retardation: Beyond the
obvious. Em K. Marfo (Org.), Parent-child interaction and developmental
disabilities (pp. 114-125). New York: Praeger.
Rondai, J.A. (1993). Down's syndrome. Em D. Bishop & K.
Mogford (Orgs.), Language development in exceptional circumstances
(pp. 165-176). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sak, R.J. & Ruben, R.J. (1981). Recurrent middle ear effusion in
childhood: Implications of temporary auditory deprivation for
language and learning. Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology,
90, 546-551.
Smith, L. (1987). The Structure of "dialogue" in early language
development: Longitudinal case studies of Down syndrome and
nonretarded toddlers. Em H. Rauh & H.C. Steinhausen (Orgs.),
Psychobiology and early development (pp. 201-213). North
Holland: Elsevier.
Smith, L. &Tetzchner, S.V. (1986). Communicative, sensorimotor
and language skills of young children with Down syndrome.
American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 91, 57-66.
Spiker, D. (1990). Intervention strategies from a developmental
perspective. Em D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly (Orgs.), Down syndrome:
The developmental perspective (pp. 424-448). New
York: Cambridge University Prees.
Steffens, M.L., Oiler, D.K., Lynch, M. & Urbano, R.C. (1992).
Vocal development in infants with Down syndrome and infants
who are developing normally. American Journal on Mental
Retardation, 97, 235-246.
So, L.K.H. & Dodd, B.J. (1994). Down's syndrome and the acquisition
of phonology by Cantonese-speaking children. Journal
of Intellectual Disability Research, 38, 501-517.
Stansfield, J.F. (1997). Expressive pragmatic skills in pre-school
children with and without Down's syndrome: Parental perceptions.
Journal of Intelectual Disability Research, 41, 19-29.
Taveira, R. (1995). Privação auditiva precoce em crianças portadoras
da síndrome de Down e suas implicações para o desenvolvimento
da linguagem. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade
de Brasília, Brasília.
Wagner, S., Ganiban, J. & Cicchetti, D. (1990). Attention, memory,
and perception: A review. Em D. Cicchetti & M. Beeghly
(Orgs.), Children with Down syndrome, a developmental perspective
(pp. 147-179). Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Weeks, D.J. & Elliott, D. (1992). Atypical cerebral dominance in
Down's syndrome. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30,
23-25.
Zellweger, H. (1977). Down syndrome. Em P.J. Vinken & G.W.
Bruyn (Orgs.), Handbook of clinical neurology, 31, parte 2 (pp.
367-469). New York: North Holland.
Zigler, E. & Hodapp, R.M. (1993). Understanding mental retardation.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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2012-09-12
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Tristão, R. M., & Guimarães Feitosa, M. A. (2012). Linguagem na Síndrome de Down. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 14(2), 127–137. Recuperado a partir de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17318
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