Aggression in Children:
Influence of Sex and Situational Variables
Keywords:
Aggressive behavior, Pre-school children, Sex differencesAbstract
Aggression in pre-school children was investigated as a funetion of sex and situational variables (patio,
classroom and park). One hundred and twenty observations were made in a public nursery, located in the western section of
São Paulo serving a Iow-income population. Subjects included 20 children, 10 of each sex, between five and seven years old.
Each focai observational session lasted 15 minutes, and each child was observed in three settings: (a) one session in the
classroom; (b) four sessions at nursery patio; (c) one session in a park during an excursion outside of the nursery. Analyses
revealed that sex differences emerged, showing a significantly higher frequency of aggressive acts in males compaired to
females. Aside from frequency, behavioral differences were found with verbal aggression being rarely emitted, and only by
females. Aggressive acts oceurred more frequently at nursery patio then in the park, both in males and in females.
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em crianças de idade pré-escolar. Em N. Blurton-Jones (Orgs.),
Estudo etológico do comportamento da criança (pp. 67-100).
São Paulo: Pioneira.
Smith, K.P. & Green, M. (1975). Aggressive behavior in English
nurseries and play groups: Sex differences and response of
adults. Child Development, 46, 211-214.
Strayer, F.F., Moss, E.S., Trudel, M. & Jacques, M. (1986). Activités
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methods. Behavior, 49, 227-267.
Bandura, A., Ross, L. & Ross, L.A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated
models. Journal ofA bnormal and Social Psychology, 66,
3-11.
Barrett, D.E. (1979). A naturalistic study of sex differences in
children's aggression. Merril-Palmer Quarterly, 25, 193-203.
Blurton-Jones, N. (1981). Categorias de interação criança-criança.
Em N. Blurton-Jones (Org.), Estudo etológico do comportamento
da criança (pp. 101-133). São Paulo: Pioneira.
Blurton-Jones, N.G. & Konner, M.J. (1973). Sex differences in the
behavior of Bushman and London two-to-five-year-olds. Em
R.P. Michael & J.H. Crook (Orgs.), Comparative ecology and
the behavior ofprimates (pp. 689-749). New York: Academic
Press.
Buss, A.H. (1961). The psychology of aggression. New York:
Wiley.
Castro, M.F. (1979). Um estudo sobre incidentes agressivos entre
crianças durante atividade livre em pré-escolas. Dissertação
de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.
Dawe, H.C. (1934). An analysis of two hundred quarrels of preschool
children. Child Development, 5, 139-156.
Dollard, J., Doob, L.W., Miller, N.E., Mowrer, O.H. & Sears, R.R.
(1976). Frustação e Agressão. Em E.I. Megargee & J.E.
Hokanson (Orgs.), A dinâmica da agressão: análise de indivíduos,
grupos e nações (pp. 27-47). São Paulo: Editora
Pedagógica Universitária.
Durrett, M.E. (1959). The relationshipofearlyinfantregulation and
later behavior in play interviews. Child Development, 30, 211 -
216.
Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (1970). Ethology: The biology of behavior. New
York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Green, E. (1933). Group play and quarreling among preschool
children. Child Development, 4, 302-307.
Hatfield, J.S., Ferguson, L. R. & Alpert, R. (1967). Mother-child
interaction and the socialization process. Child Development,
38, 365-414.
Jersild, A.T. & Markey, F.V. (1935). Conflicts between preschool
children. Child Development Monographs, N" 21, New York:
Teachers College, Columbia University.
Lorenz, K. (1973). A agressão: uma história natural do mal. São
Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Maccoby, E.E. & Jacklin, C.N. (1980). Sex differences in aggres-
Madsen, C. (1968). Nurturance and modeling in preschoolers.
Child Development, 39, 221-236.
McCabe, A. & Lipscomb, T.J. (1988). Sex differences in children's
verbal aggression. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 34, 389-401.
McGrew, W.C. (1972). An ethological study of children 's behavior.
New York: Academic Press.
Mclntyre, A. (1972). Sex differences in children's aggression.
Proceedings of80th Annual Convention ofthe American Psychological
Association, 93-94.
Roff, M. & Roff, L. (1940). An analysis ofthe variance of conflict
behavior in preschool children. Child Development, 11, 43-60.
Smith, K.P. &Connolly, K. (1981). Brincadeiras e interação social
em crianças de idade pré-escolar. Em N. Blurton-Jones (Orgs.),
Estudo etológico do comportamento da criança (pp. 67-100).
São Paulo: Pioneira.
Smith, K.P. & Green, M. (1975). Aggressive behavior in English
nurseries and play groups: Sex differences and response of
adults. Child Development, 46, 211-214.
Strayer, F.F., Moss, E.S., Trudel, M. & Jacques, M. (1986). Activités
agonistiques durant les années prescolaires. Em J.L.
Camus & J. Cosnier (Orgs.), Ethology and psychology (pp.
67-76). Toulouse: Privat, J. E. C.
Walters, J., Pearce, D. & Dahms, L. (1957). Affectional and aggressive
behavior of preschool children. Child Development, 28,
15-26.
Whiting, B. & Edwards, GP. (1973). A cross-cultural study of sex
differences in the behavior of children aged three through
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Published
2012-09-20
How to Cite
Magalhães, C. M. C., & Otta, E. (2012). Aggression in Children:: Influence of Sex and Situational Variables. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 11(1). Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17207
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