US Action in Venezuela: NGOs, Civil Society and Neoliberalism

Authors

  • Tiago Santos Salgado PUC-SP

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21057/10.21057/repamv13n3.2019.23385

Keywords:

Hugo Chávez; USA; Neoliberalism; Wikileaks.

Abstract

This article aims to demonstrate how the US intervened in Venezuela during the government of Hugo Chavez through the analysis of the documentation made available on the Wikileaks website that made public access to secret documents produced by the US Congress and the US Embassy in Caracas. This analysis shows how the US government acted as the organizer and financier of the Venezuelan opposition to the democratically elected government of Chávez, in particular through the activities of NGOs that worked to defend US interests in the country and as diffusers of neoliberal discourse within chavista bases.

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References

CICCARIELLO-MAHER, George. Building the commune: Radical democracy in Venezuela. Verso Books, 2016.

CICCARIELLO-MAHER, George. We created Chávez: A people’s history of the Venezuelan revolution. duke university press, 2013.

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SALGADO, Tiago Santos. A Folha de S. Paulo e o Governo Hugo Chávez (2002 ”“ 2005). Jundiaí, Paco Editorial: 2015

SCHOULTZ, Lars. Estados Unidos: poder e submissão uma história da política norte-americana em relação à América Latina. Edusc, 2000.

SEABRA, Raphael. A revolução venezuelana: chavismo e bolivarianismo. Sociedade e Cultura 13.2 (2010).

Documentação:

Doc. Confidential. nº9521. Das Deshazo´s meeting with g-5 apposition leaders 21/01/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS295_a.html

Doc. Unclassified. nº9443. Human rights strategy for Venezuela. 04/02/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS425_a.html

Doc. Unclassified. nº31401. Update on the USAID/OTI Venezuela program. 11/02/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS501_a.html

Doc. Confidential ”“ nº10035. The “Tropical Unity” of the opposition. 12/02/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS533_a.html

Doc. Confidential nº5131. Chavez Takes aim at human rights organization. 20/02/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS612_a.html.

Doc. Confidential, nº4563. Chavez accuses usg of funding "coupmongers". 26/02/2004. Disponível: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS634_a.html/

Doc. Confidential nº 5972. Request for additional funds to help strengthen local governments and civil society groups. 27/03/2009. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09CARACAS404_a.html

Doc. Confidential nº9027. Venezuela: Potential fraud in the appeals process 05/05/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS1507_a.html

Doc. Confidential. nº7588. Chavez: Coup attempt averted with arrest of “paramilitaries. 11/05/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS1543_a.html

Doc.Confidential. nº 4987. Ambassador meets with Sumate leaders 16/06/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS1993_a.html

Doc. confidential nº10682. No Progress on poverty under Chávez. 17/06/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS2003_a.html

Doc. Confidential nº13179. Chavez v Chavez: What´s his plan? 25/06/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS2081_a.html

Doc. Confidential. nº 10445. Opposition launches “National consensus plan. 5/07/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS2248_a.html

Doc. Confidential. nº4576. Citizens assemblies: civil society gets organized. 28/07/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS2389_a.html

Doc. Confidential. Nº6352. Visit to mass market and Bolivarian school. 10/12/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS3817_a.html

Doc. Confidential. nº12763. Chavez gives marching orders for the Revolution. 23/12/2004. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04CARACAS3928_a.html

Doc. Confidential nº10442. VIEWS ON BARRIO ADENTRO FROM CUBAN DOCTORS. 05/12/2006. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06CARACAS3548_a.html

Doc.Confidential. nº9345. USAID/OTI WATCHDOGS START TO SHED LIGHT. 26/01/2007. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/07CARACAS175_a.html

Doc. Confidential. nº 8999. NGOS CITE WORRISOME HUMAN RIGHTS PATTERNS. 04/10/2007. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/07CARACAS1969_a.html.

SULLIVAN. Mark. Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S Policy. 2008. Congressional Research Service. Disponível em: https://file.wikileaks.org/file/crs/RL32488.pdf

Doc. Confidential nº16351. Venezuelas´s 2009 economic outlook: Grim to Dire. 22/01/2009. Disponível em: https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09CARACAS87_a.html

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Published

2019-06-12

How to Cite

Salgado, T. S. (2019). US Action in Venezuela: NGOs, Civil Society and Neoliberalism. Journal of Study and Research on the Americas, 13(3), 320–344. https://doi.org/10.21057/10.21057/repamv13n3.2019.23385

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 3 (2019)

Section

The 60 Years of the Cuban Revolution and Latin America: Achievements, Challenges

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