Elites estratégicas y cambio institucional: la construcción del proyecto post-neoliberal en Argentina y Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21057/repam.v6i2.8187Keywords:
Elites. mudanças institucionais. pós-neoliberalismo.Abstract
Na última década os países da América Latina atravessaram, em ritmos e maneiras diferentes, uma transição política una e econômica. O projeto neoliberal perdeu força e, em contrapartida, houve a revitalização da discussão sobre desenvolvimento nacional, praticamente ausente desde o fracasso do período substitutivo. A agenda neodesenvolvimentista, ainda em construção, recupera elementos do modelo estruturalista cepalino limitado pelas heranças do período neoliberal. Se pode afirmar que a expressão que adquire esta agenda no plano nacional é resultado do modo em que se resolvem as tensões entre rupturas e continuidades. Nesta dinâmica, as elites políticas são um fator explicativo central. O artigo se propõe analisar o papel das elites, entendidas de modo simples como os atores estratégicos dos campos político e econômico com capacidade de influir no ciclo de políticas, na conformação do regime produtivo. A análise se restringe à Argentina e Brasil se centrando especialmente no período transicional entre o projeto neoliberal e a ruptura que gera a chegada ao poder de coalizões progressistas que buscam implementar una agenda neo-desenvolvimentista. O artigo se baseia em uma série de entrevistas com agentes de decisões políticas e empresarios com atuação sindical e analisa as percepções que as elites têm sobre os projetos de desenvolvimento em curso.
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