Intelectuales Indígenas y Literaturas en México. El campo literario entre los zapotecas y los mayas
Abstract
Este artículo explora la conformación del campo intelectual en la literatura zapoteca del istmo de Tehuantepec y la literatura maya de la Península de Yucatán. A través del concepto de campo intelectual de Pierre Bordieu (2002) y bajo la premisa de que hay tantos campos literarios como literaturas indígenas, se evidencia que estos espacios de poder simbólico están condicionados por elementos socioculturales y políticos que van desde la alfabetización y uso de la escritura en las lenguas indígenas hasta la función de los intelectuales en las redes locales y nacionales.
En la literatura zapoteca se indican las estrategias de la generación de Andrés Henestrosa, la relación entre la COCEI y la Casa de Cultura de Juchitán, y los vínculos que sostienen los intelectuales de la región con otros intelectuales de la esfera nacional. Para la literatura maya yucateca se reflexiona sobre la generación de talleres literarios como el principal motor de la nueva literatura maya, tanto desde las instancias gubernamentales como desde las asociaciones civiles y grupos gestionados por los intelectuales mayas.
Palabras- clave: intelectuales indígenas, campo intelectual, literatura zapoteca, literatura maya
Indigenous Intellectuals and Literatures in Mexico. The Literary Field Between the Zapotecs and the Maya
Abstract
The present paper explores the conformation of the intellectual field in the Zapotec literature of the Istmhus of Tehuantepec and in the Mayan literature of the Yucatán Peninsula. Through the concept of intellectual field by Pierre Bordieu (2002) and under the premise that there are as many literary fields as indigenous literatures, this paper emphasizes the fact that these spaces of symbolic power and conditioned by sociocultural and political elements ranging from literacy and the use of writing in indigenous languages to the role of intellectuals in local and national networks.
In the case of the Zapotec literature the focus lies on the strategies of the generation of Andrés Henestrosa, the relationship between COCEI and Casa de Cultura de Juchitán, and the links that the intellectuals of the region hold with other intellectuals of the national sphere. As for the Yucatecan Mayan literature, a reflection on the creation of literary workshops as the main engine of the new Mayan literature, both from government agencies and civil associations and groups managed by Mayan intellectuals, will be developed.
Keywords: indigenous intellectuals, intellectual field, zapotec literature, mayan literature
Intelectuais e Literaturas Indígenas no México. O Campo Literário entre os Zapotecas e Mayas
Resumo
O presente artigo explora a conformação do campo intelectual na literatura zapoteca do istmo de Tehuantepec e na literatura maia da Península de Yucatán. Através do conceito de campo intelectual de Pierre Bordieu (2002) e sob a premissa de que existem tantos campos literários quanto literaturas indígenas, se evidencia que estos espaços de poder simbólico estão condicionados por elementos socio-culturais e políticos que vão desde a alfabetização e uso da escrita nas línguas indígenas à função dos intelectuais nas redes locais e nacionais.
Na literatura zapoteca indicam-se as estratégias da geração de Andrés Henestrosa, a relação entre a COCEI e a Casa de Cultura de Juchitán bem como os vínculos que sustentam os intelectuais da região com outros intelectuais da esfera nacional. Para a literatura maia iucateca reflecte-se sobre a criação de ateliês literários como principal motor da nova literatura maia, tanto a partir das instâncias governamentais como das associações civis e grupos geridos por intelectuais maias.
Palabras chave: intelectuas indígenas, campo intelectual, literatura zapoteca, literatura maya
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