ACORDOS PREFERENCIAIS DE COMÉRCIO: CRISE OU OPORTUNIDADE PARA A OMC?
Palavras-chave:
Acordos Preferenciais de Comércio. Acordos Regionais de Comércio. WTO. Sistema Multilateral de Comércio.Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo, com base na análise dos principais pontos de conflito entre APC e a OMC, foi definir se a proliferação dos APC representava uma crise ou uma oportunidade para a OMC. Para responder a essa pergunta, na primeira seção, este artigo analisou os sintomas que indicam que a proliferação dos ACP é uma crise normativa e institucional da OMC. Na perspectiva normativa, a regra do consenso, a estrutura ultrapassada das disciplinas da OMC e a complexificação das regras de origem indicam uma crise da OMC. Além disso, a supervisão defeituosa do mecanismo de transparência, um Secretariado pouco atuante e conflitos de competência são questões relevantes na área institucional. Esta pesquisa nos permitiu concluir que o crescimento dos ACP é origem e consequência de uma crise na OMC. Na segunda seção, este artigo buscou propor alternativas para aproveitar o novo cenário do comércio internacional e aprimorar o sistema multilateral de comércio. Como possíveis soluções, identificamos o fortalecimento da supervisão feita pela OMC dos países com ACP, com um Secretariado com mais prerrogativas, e a multilateralização dos benefícios percebidos pelas partes a ACP, seja ela de facto ou através de uma massa crítica de Membros.
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