Algunos princípios de una teoria del contexto

Abstract

This paper formulares some general principles of a theory of context. Despite some attempts, especially in functional linguistics, linguistic anthropology and social psychology, such a theory of context is still on the agenda. The central claim of my theory of context is that it is not a social situation that determines language use, and not even only the relevant properties of such a social situation, but rather the mental model of these relevant properties, that is, a context model, stored in episodic memory. Such context models are special cases of more general experience models that define our consciousness and control all actions and discourses of our everyday lives. Since context models constantly adapt themselves to a changing social situation as well as the ongoing discourse, they are dynamic and not static. They combine social knowledge about social events and situations with personal experiences, memories and opinions, and hence are subjective and individual. They explain how each participant has her or his own interpretation of the situation. Such context models feature global categories such as global domain and action, as well as local categories such as setting, local actions, as well as cognitive properties of participants, such as their aims and especially their knowledge. The contextual knowledge device Controls many of the aspects of discourse pròcessing, especially what Information may or must be left implicit.