The Digital Renaissance from Leonardo da Vinci to Alan Turing

Jonathan  Bowen; Tula  Giannini

doi:10.26512/museologia.v10iEspecial.37241

Authors

Jonathan Bowen
Tula Giannini

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26512/museologia.v10iEspecial.37241

Keywords:

Cultura Computacional, Cultura Digital, Identidade Digital, Revolução da Informação, Renascimento italiano

Abstract

The Italian Renaissance started a rebirth of culture and knowledge not experienced since Roman times. Leonardo da Vinci was arguably the leading polymath of the era. We are now in the throes of a Digital Renaissance, arguably started by Alan Turing in England. The information revolution that we are now experiencing is as disruptive as any change since the Renaissance. This paper draws some parallels between these two periods and speculates on the future of digital developments.

Keywords – Computational culture, Digital culture, Digital identity, Information revolution, Italian Renaissance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ACM. Fathers of the Deep Learning Revolution Receive ACM A.M. Turing Award. Association for Computing Machinery. 2018. Disponível em: [ https://awards.acm.org/about/2018-turing] . Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2019.

CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM, New Series, 1 vol. in 3 parts (London: British Museum, 1834-1840), I, part I: The Arundel Manuscripts, BL (Arundel MS 263), p. 79. Digitised Manuscripts, British Library, London, UK. Disponível em: [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Arundel_MS_263]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2019.

BONERA, M. et al. Codex Atlanticus. The Visual Agency, Milan, Italy. s.d Disponível em: [http://codex-atlanticus.it] Acesso em: 6 de fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. Alan Turing. In ROBINSON, A. (ED.). The Scientists: An Epic of Discovery. (s.l.) Thames and Hudson, 2012. p. 270–275.

BOWEN, J. P. Alan Turing: Virtuosity and visualisation. In BOWEN, J. P.; DIPROSE, G; LAMBERT, N. (EDS.). EVA London 2016: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2016. pp. 197–204. DOI: Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2016.40]. Acesso em: 6 de fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. Alan Turing: Founder of Computer Science. In J. P. Bowen, Z. Liu, and Z. Zhang (eds.), Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems: Second International School, SETSS, 2016b, Chongqing, China, March 28 – April 2, 2016. Springer, LNCS, vol. 10215, pp. 1–15. Disponivel em: [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56841-6_1]. Aceso em: 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. The Impact of Alan Turing: Formal Methods and Beyond. In J. P. BOWEN, Liu, Z., ZHANG, Z. (eds.), Engineering Trustworthy Software Systems: Second International School, SETSS 2018, Chongqing, China, April 7–12, 2018. Springer, 2019. pp. 202–235. (LNCS, vol. 11430), Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17601-3_5]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P.; DIPROSE, G; LAMBERT, N. (EDS.). EVA London 2016: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2016. Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2016.0] Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P.; DIPROSE, G; LAMBERT, N.. (EDS.). EVA London 2017: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2017. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2017.0]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. et al. States of Begin: Art and identity in digital space and time. In WEINEL, J. et al. (EDS.). EVA London 2019: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. 2019. pp. 1–9. Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2019.1].

BOWEN, J. P., GIANNINI, T., AND POLMEER, G. Coded Communication: Digital senses and aesthetics, merging art and life. In BOWEN, J. P.; DIPROSE, G; LAMBERT, N.. (EDS.). EVA London 2017: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2017. pp. 1–8. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2017.1]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. et al.. States of Begin: Art and identity in digital space and time. In: BOWEN, J. P. et al. (EDS.). EVA London 2018: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. 2018, 2018pp. 1–7. Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.1]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. et al. Turing’s Genius – Defining an apt microcosm. In ] BOWEN, J. P. et al. (EDS.). EVA London 2018: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. 2018, pp. 155–162. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.31]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BOWEN, J. P. et al. (EDS.). EVA London 2018: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. 2018. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.0]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

BROWN, M. Rare Leonardo da Vinci notebook to go on show at British Library. The Guardian, 4 December 2019. Disponível em: [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2018/dec/04/rare-leonardo-da-vinci-notebook-to-go-on-show-at-british-library]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

COPELAND et al. The Turing Guide. Oxford University, Press, 2017.

FESSI, S. The Hidden Neuroscience of Leonardo da Vinci. Dana Foundation, 23 September. 2019: Disponível em: [https://dana.org/article/the-hidden-neuroscience-of-leonardo-da-vinci/]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GIANNINI, T.; BOWEN, J. P. Curating Digital Life and Culture: Art and information. In BOWEN, J. P.; DIPROSE, G; LAMBERT, N. (EDS.). EVA London 2016: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2016. P. 237–244. Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2016.46]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021..

GIANNINI, T. AND BOWEN, J. P. Life in Code and Digits: When Shannon met Turing. In BOWEN, J. P.; DIPROSE, G; LAMBERT, N.. (EDS.). EVA London 2017: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2017. P.. 51–58. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2017.9}. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GIANNINI, T. ; BOWEN, J. P. Of Museums and Digital Culture: A landscape view. In _______. BOWEN, J. P. et al. (EDS.). EVA London 2018: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. 2018. P. 172–179. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2018.34]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GIANNINI, T. ; BOWEN, J. P. (eds.) Museums and Digital Culture: New perspectives and research. Series on Cultural Computing. Springer, 2019. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97457-6]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GIANNINI, T. AND BOWEN, J. P. The Digital Renaissance from da Vinci to Turing. EVA 2020 Florence, 20 July 2020. SocArXiv. Disponível em [https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/h5fm4]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GIANNINI, T. AND BOWEN, J. P. Computing the Future: Digital Encounters in Art and Science When da Vinci Meets Turing. In [WEINEL, J., et al. (Eds.). EVA London 2020: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2020. p. 16–23. Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2020.3] Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GILSON, H. Leonardo da Vinci’s Embryological Annotations. The Embryo Project Encyclopedia, 19 August 2019. Arizona State University. Disponível em: [http://embryo.asu.edu/handle/10776/1928]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

GOOGLE. AI: More than Human. Barbican exhibition, Google Arts & Culture., 2019. Disponível em: [https://artsandculture.google.com/project/ai-more-than-human] Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

HART, K. King Charles I Amassed One of the World’s Greatest Art Collections—then Lost it All. Artsy, 1 March 2018. Disponível em: [https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-king-charles-amassed-one-worlds-greatest-art-collections-lost] Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

HITTI, N. Elon Musk unveils updated Neuralink brain implant design and surgical robot. Dezeen, 2 February 2020. Disponível em: [https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/02/neuralink-elon-musk-brain-implant-technology/ ]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

JONES, J. The real Da Vinci code. The Guardian, 30 August. Disponível em:[: https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2006/aug/30/art1] Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

LIDDELL, D. The Plague Inspired da Vinci to Design a City. We should steal his ideas. Fastcompany, 12 March 2018. Disponível em:[: https://www.fastcompany.com/90163788/the-plague-inspired-da-vinci-to-design-a-city-we-should-steal-his-ideas]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

MACCURDY, E. Leonardo da Vinci’s Notebooks, arranged and rendered into English. Empire State Book Company. Archive.org. 1923. Disponível em: [http://archive.org/stream/leonardodavincis007918mbp/leonardodavincis007918mbp_djvu.txt]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

MACCURDY, E. The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, arranged and rendered into English. Volume II. Jonathan Cape. Archive.org. 1938. Disponível em: [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.283546/2015.283546.The-Notebooks_djvu.txt ] Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

MCKIE, R. No death and an enhanced life: Is the future transhuman? The Guardian, 6 May 2018. Disponível em:[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/may/06/no-death-and-an-enhanced-life-is-the-future-transhuman Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

PEVSNER, J. Leonardo da Vinci’s studies of the brain. The Lancet, 393(10179), pp. 1465–1472, 6 April 2019. Disponivel em: [https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30302-2]. Aceso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

REA, N. The ‘Mona Lisa’ Experience: How the Louvre’s first-ever VR Project, a 7-Minute Immersive da Vinci Odyssey. Artnet News, 22 October 2019. Disponível em:[https://news.artnet.com/exhibitions/louvre-embraced-virtual-reality-leonardo-blockbuster-1686169} Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

ROBERTS, A. Leonardo saw the body as a complex, beautiful machine. The Guardian, 13 May. 2012, Disponível em: [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/may/13/leonardo-da-vinci-anatomy-drawings]. Acesso em: 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

ROYAL COLLECTION TRUST. Poetry Competition. Leonardo da Vinci, The Queen’s Gallery, Buckingham Palace, UK. 2019. Disponível em:[https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/leonardo-da-vinci/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/poetry-competition]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

SOLIS, B. How COVID-19 created a new kind of consumer in just 90 days. Fastcompany, 8 September 2020. Disponível em:[URL: https://www.fastcompany.com/90547627/how-covid-19-created-a-new-kind-of-consumer-in-just-90-days]. ]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

TIGAR, L. . Psychologists explain how left-handed people work differently. Fast Company, 13 August 2018. Disponível em: [ https://www.fastcompany.com/90215373/psychologists-explain-how-left-handed-people-work-differently]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

TURING, A. M. On computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Series 2, 42(1), May 1936, pp. 230–265. DOI: Disponível em [ https://doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021

TURING, A. M. Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind, v. 59 n. 236, p. 433–460, October. 1950. Avaitable on: ble on: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433

TURING, A. M. Can digital computers think? Typescript with annotations of a talk broadcast on BBC Third Programme, 15 May 1951a, AMT/B/5. In (TURING..., s.d.) [45]. Disponível em: [http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/5]. Aceso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

TURING, A. M. Intelligent machinery, a heretical theory, a lecture given to ‘51 Society’ at Manchester. AMT/B/4, 1951b. In: TURING DIGITAL ARCHIVE. The Turing Digital Archive. Archive Centre, King’s College, Cambridge, UK, s.d. Disponível em:[http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/B/4]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro de 2021

TURING, A. M. Transcript copy of letter from AMT to Professor J.Z. Young, F.R.S., 8 February. AMT/K/1/78. 1951c. In: TURING DIGITAL ARCHIVE. The Turing Digital Archive. Archive Centre, King’s College, Cambridge, UK, s.d. >. Disponível em: [http://www.turingarchive.org/browse.php/K/1/78]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro de 2021

TURING, A. M. The chemical basis of morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 237 (641), 1952. pp. 37–72. Disponível em: [https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1952.0012]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro de 2021.

TURING DIGITAL ARCHIVE . The Turing Digital Archive. Archive Centre, King’s College, Cambridge, UK, s.d. Disponível em : [http://www.turingarchive.org>. Acesso em 6 fevereiro de 2021.

TURING, S. Alan M. Turing. Cambridge University Press. 2012

VERDELOT, P. Madrigals for a Tudor King. Obsidian Records, AllMusic. 2006 Disponível em: [https://www.allmusic.com/performance/italia-mia-madrigal-mq0001310520] Acesso em 6 fevereiro de 2021.

VERDELOT, P. et al. Da Vinci – Music from His Time.. 1973: Spotify. Disponível em: [https://open.spotify.com/album/5WvjCrYXZQzhV1rvezFiVW]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021

VISIT UFFIZI. Water as Microscope of Nature. Leonardo da Vinci’s Codex Leicester, 30 October – 20 January. Uffizi Gallery Museum in Florence Guide. 2019. Disponível em: [https://www.visituffizi.org/museum/exhibitions/ https://mostre.museogalileo.it/codiceleicester/en/]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

MONA LISA: Beyond the Glass. Art & Photography, Vive Arts. The Musée du Louvre, Paris, France, 24 October 2019 – 24 February 2020. Disponível em: [https://arts.vive.com/us/articles/projects/art-photography/mona_lisa_beyond_the_glass/]. Acesso em 6 de fevereiro de 2021.

WALSH, N. Celebrating the 500th Anniversary of Leonardo’s death. The New York Times, 12 February 2019. Disponível em: [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/12/travel/leonardo-da-vinci-travel-tours-museums.html] Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

LEONARDO DA VINCI. WikiArt Visual Art Encyclopedia. Disponível em:[https://www.wikiart.org/en/leonardo-da-vinci]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

WEINEL, J. et al. (EDS.) (2019) EVA London 2019: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen. 2019. Disponível em:[https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2019.0]. Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

WEINEL, J., et al. (Eds.). EVA London 2020: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts. BCS, Electronic Workshops in Computing (eWiC). ScienceOpen, 2020. . Disponível em:[ https://doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2020.0] . Acesso em 6 fevereiro 2021.

VELTMAN, K. H. AND KEELE, K. D. Studies on Leonardo da Vinci I: Linear perspective and the visual dimensions of science and art. (s. l.) Deutscher Kunstverlag. 1986.

ZÖLLNER, F. Leonardo da Vinci: Complete Paintings and Drawings. Cologne, TASCHEN: 2003