The Overarching Doctrines and the Public Sphere in John Rawls's Political Liberalism

Abstract

The text analyzes how comprehensive doctrines participate in the public reason within John Rawls' Political Liberalism, as well as the criticisms towards the limits Rawls imposes on the involvement of these doctrines in the public sphere. Questions have arisen about whether political liberalism might be overly restrictive towards religions, casting doubt on its ability to achieve a truly just society. The article explores the boundaries of public reason in Rawls' conception, aiming to establish common ground for public debate; it acknowledges the criticisms put forth by M. Sandel and some responses formulated by Rawls. The objective is to examine the arguments for and against Rawls' proposed restriction, evaluating its implications for public discourse in a pluralistic society. The article seeks to comprehend the restrictions imposed by public reason on comprehensive doctrines and how they are justified within a constitutional democracy, which must respect fundamental liberties. By delving into these issues, the article contributes to understanding Rawls' thought and the contemporary discussions regarding the participation of comprehensive doctrines in the public sphere.