“Uma Grande e Honesta Colmeia”: a Subversão do Apiário Clássico em Mandeville
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/rfmc.v10i3.49608Palavras-chave:
Mandeville. Início do pensamento político moderno. Teoria social.Resumo
Bernard Mandeville construiu sua obra-prima de dois volumes, A fábula das abelhas, em torno de um poema largamente ignorado originalmente publicado em 1705, sua "A colmeia resmungona". Esse poema tenta proporcionar o contexto literário para a escolha feita por Mandeville da metáfora apiana. Examinamos exemplos antigos e modernos de teoria social e política informados e articulados por referência à organização e estrutura dos apiários e seus habitantes. A consideração desse contexto, conforme argumentamos, demonstra de uma nova maneira o caráter subversivo de “A colmeia resmungona” e suas iterações subsequentes como A fábula das abelhas. Mandeville vira do avesso as suposições desgastadas pelo tempo sobre a harmonia natural das colmeias, sua relação com a sociedade humana, e o papel da fala e da razão em seu florescimento.
Downloads
Referências
ARISTOTLE, History of Animals. Translated by d’A.W. Thompson. In: The Complete Works of Aristotle, edited by Jonathan Barnes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984a, Vol. I.
ARISTOTLE, Politics. Translated by B. Jowett. In: The Complete Works of Aristotle, edited by Jonathan Barnes. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984b, Vol. II.
BUTLER, C. The Feminine Monarchie, or A Treatise Concerning Bees, And the Due Ordering of Them. Oxford, Printed by Joseph Barnes, 1609.
BUTLER, C. The feminine monarchy; or the history of bees. Translated by W.S. London: A. Baldwin. 1704.
Catalogus bibliothecae publicae Lugduno-Batavae noviter recognitus : accessit incomparabilis thesaurus librorum orientalium, praecipue mss. Lugduni Batavorum : Viduam & Heredes Johannis Elsevirii, 1674.
CHALK, A.F. “Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees: a reappraisal.” Southern Economic Journal, 1966, v. 33, n. 1, pp. 1-16.
CICERO, On Duties. Translated by Walter Miller. Text accessed via: <https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Cic.%20Off.%201>, 1913.
DESCARTES, R. Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking Truth in the Field of Science. In DESCARTES, R. Discourse on Method and Meditations. Translated by Laurence J. Lafleur. Indianapolis: The Library of Liberal Arts. 1960.
FARRELL, W.J. “The Role of Mandeville's Bee Analogy in ‘The Grumbling Hive.’” Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 1985, v. 25, n. 3, pp. 511-527.
FÉNELON, F. Dialogues Des Morts, Anciens et Modernes, Avec Quelques Fables Composez pour l’Education d’un Prince. Second Edition. Tome II. Paris. 1725.
FÉNELON, F. Fables and Dialogues of the Dead: Written in French by the Late Archbishop of Cambray, Author of Telemachus. London: W. Chetwood. 1722.
FÉNELON, F. Moral and Political Writings. Translated by Ryan Patrick Hanley. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2020.
FÉNELON, F. Telemachus, Son of Ulysses. Edited and translated by Patrick Riley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994.
FÉNELON, F. The Adventures of Telemachus, the Son of Ulysses. London: Awnsham and John Churchill. 1699.
GEDDE, J. A New Discovery of an Excellent Method of Bee-houses and Colonies, to free the owners from the great charge and trouble that attends the swarming of bees, and delivers the bees from the evil reward of ruine for the benefit they brought their masters; advantaging their owners many-fold above what-ever any method heretofore practic'd doth. London: Printed for the Author, and sold by D. Newman, 1675, reissued in 1677.
GOLDSMITH, M.M. “Introduction.” In MANDEVILLE, B. By a Society of Ladies: Essays in the Female Tatler. Edited by M.M. Goldsmith. Bristol: Thoemmes Press. 1999.
GULDENTOPS, G. "The Sagacity of the Bees; An Aristotelian Topos in Thirteenth-Century Philosophy," in Aristotle's Animals in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, ed. Carlos Steel, Guy Guldentops, and Pieter Beullens. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1999.
HANLEY, R. “Introduction.” In FÉNELON, F. Moral and Political Writings. Translated by Ryan Patrick Hanley. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2020a.
HANLEY, R. The Political Philosophy of Fénelon. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2020b.
HASSIG, D. Medieval Bestiaries: Text, Image, Ideology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
HOBBES, T. Leviathan. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 2012.
HOBBES, T. On the citizen. Edited and translated by Richard Tuck and Michael Silverthorne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
HOBBES, T. The elements of law, natural and politic. Edited by J.C.A. Gaskin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
HOBBES, T. Three-Text Edition of Thomas Hobbes’s Political Theory: The Elements of Law, De Cive, and Leviathan. Edited by Deborah Baumgold. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
HONT, I. “The Early Enlightenment Debate on Commerce and Luxury.” In: The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought. Edited by Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006.
HUNDERT, E. The Enlightenment’s Fable: Bernard Mandeville and the Discovery of Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994.
JENNINGS, J. “The Debate about Luxury in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-century French Political Thought.” Journal of the History of Ideas, 2007, v. 68, n. 1, pp. 79-105.
JOOST, N. “The ‘Fables’ of Fénelon and Philips’ ‘Free-Thinker.’” Studies in Philology, 1950, v. 47, n. 1, pp. 51-61.
KAYE, F.B. “Mandeville on the Origin of Language.” Modern Language Notes, 1924, v. 39, n. 3, pp. 136-142.
LUCRETIUS. On the Nature of the Things. Translated by Martin Ferguson Smith. Indianapolis: Hackett. 2001.
MANDEVILLE, B. The Fable of the Bees: Or Private Vices, Publick Virtues. Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1988.
MCCULLOCH, F. Medieval Latin and French Bestiaries. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1962.
MENDHAM, M. “Rousseau’s Partial Reception of Fénelon: From the Corruptions of Luxury to the Contradictions of Society.” In: Fénelon in the Enlightenment: Traditions, Adaptations, and Variations. Edited by Christoph Schmitt-Maaß, Stefanie Stockhorst, and Doohwan Ahn. Brill, 2014.
MISH, C. C. “Early Eighteenth-Century Best Sellers in English Prose Fiction.” The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 1981, v. 74, n. 4, pp. 413-8.
MORLEY, N. "Civil war and succession crisis in Roman beekeeping." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 2007, 4, pp. 462-470.
MUFFET, T. The Theater of Insects, Or, Lesser Living Creatures. In: TOPSELL, Ed. The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents Describing at Large their True and Lively Figure, their several Names, Conditions, Kinds, Virtues ... Countries of their Breed, their Love and Hatred to Mankind, and the Wonderful Work. London, Printed by E. Cotes for G. Sawbridge…T. Williams...and T. Johnson…, 1658.
PLINY. Natural History. Translated by H. Rackham. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1949.
PURCHAS, S. A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. wherein especially the nature, the worth, the work, the wonder, and the manner of the right-ordering of the bee, is discovered and described... London: Printed by R.I. for Thomas Parkhurst, 1657.
ROSENBERG, N. “Mandeville and Laissez-Faire.” Journal of the History of Ideas, 1963, v. 24, n. 2, pp. 183-96.
RUSDEN, M. A full discovery of bees. Treating of the nature, government, generation & preservation of the bee. London: Printed for Henry Million, 1685 [1679].
SARTON, G. “The Feminine Monarchie of Charles Butler, 1609.” Isis, 1943, v. 34, n. 6, pp. 469-72.
SCHREYER, R. “Condillac, Mandeville, and the Origin of Language.” Historiographia linguistica, 1978, v. 5, n. 1-2, pp. 15-43.
SENECA. On Mercy. In Seneca: Moral and Political Essays. Edited by John M. Cooper and J.F. Procope. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
T.R. MED. DR. A Short Treatise of the Excellency of Bees, Hony, Mead and Metheglin; with their singular and approved vertues. London, 1681.
The Hellenistic Philosophers: Translations of the Principal Soruces, with Philosophical Commentary. Edited by A.A. Long and D.N. Sedley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1987.
VARRO. De re rustica. Translated by W.D. Hooper and H.B. Ash. Text accessed via: [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Varro/de_Re_Rustica/3*.html], 1934.
VIRGIL. Eclogues. In Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid I-VI. Translated by H. Rushton Fairclough. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1936.
WOOLFSON, J. "The Renaissance of Bees," Renaissance Studies 2010, v. 24, n. 2, pp. 281-300.
WORLIDGE (J.W. GENT), J. Apiarivm, or, A discourse of bees tending to the best way of improving them, and to the discovery of the fallacies that are imposed by some, for private lucre, on the credulous lovers and admirers of these insects. London: Printed for and Sold by Thomas Dring, 1676.
WORLIDGE, J. The Compleat Bee-Master; or, a Discourse of Bees: Shewing the best way of improving them, and discovering the fallacies that are imposed by some, for private lucre, on the credulous lovers and admirers of these insects. London: Printed for, and Sold by G. Conyers, 1698.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2022 Revista de Filosofia Moderna e Contemporânea
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Direitos Autorais para artigos publicados nesta revista são do autor, com direitos da primeira publicação para a revista. Em virtude dos artigos aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais.
