Efeitos de Manipulações de Propriedades Formais de Estímulos Verbais sobre o Comportamento
Mots-clés :
Definição de regras, Efeitos de instruções, Efeitos de perguntasRésumé
Objetivando avaliar os efeitos de estímulos antecedentes verbais sobre o comportamento, 24 estudantes universitários foram expostos a um procedimento de escolha segundo o modelo; a tarefa consistia em apontar para cada um dos três estímulos de comparação. O comportamento correto era reforçado em razão fixa 6. Na Condição 1, a ordem de apresentação dos estímulos nas Fases 2, 3, 4 e 5 era: instrução correspondente, instrução mínima, pergunta correspondente, pergunta mínima, respectivamente. As oito condições diferiam quanto à ordem de apresentação das instruções e perguntas. A instrução e a pergunta correspondente estabeleceram o comportamento correto em 95% e 33% dos casos, respectivamente. A instrução e a pergunta mínima não estabeleceram o comportamento correto. Os resultados têm implicações para as definições de regras.
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Références
Albuquerque, L. C. (2001). Definições de regras. Em H. J. Guilhardi, M. B. B. P. Madi, P. P. Queiroz & M. C. Scoz (Orgs.), Sobre comportamento e cognição: Expondo a variabilidade (pp.132-140). Santo André: ARBytes.
Albuquerque, L. C. (2005). Regras como instrumento de análise do comportamento. Em L. C. Albuquerque (Org.), Estudos do comportamento (pp.143-176). Belém: Edufpa.
Albuquerque, L. C., & Ferreira, K. V. D. (2001). Efeitos de regras com diferentes extensões sobre o comportamento humano. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14, 143-155.
Albuquerque, L. C., Matos, M. A., de Souza, D. G., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2004). Investigação do controle por regras e do controle por histórias de reforço sobre o comportamento humano. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 17, 395-412.
Albuquerque, L. C., de Souza, D. G., Matos, M. A., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2003). Análise dos efeitos de histórias experimentais sobre o seguimento subseqüente de regras. Acta Comportamentalia, 11, 87-126.
Albuquerque, L. C., Reis, A. A., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2008). Efeitos de histórias de reforço, curtas e prolongadas, sobre o seguimento de regras. Acta Comportamentalia, 16, 305-332.
Barret, D. H., Deitz S. M., Gaydos G. R., & Quinn P. C. (1987). The effects of programmed contingencies and social conditions on stereotype responses with human subjects. The Psychological Record, 34, 489-505.
Baron, A., & Galizio, M. (1983). Instructional control of human operant behavior. The Psychological Record, 33, 495-520.
Braga, M. V. N., Albuquerque, L. C., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2005). Análise dos efeitos de perguntas e de instruções sobre o comportamento não-verbal. Interação em Psicologia, 9, 77-89.
Cerutti, D. T. (1989). Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 259-276.
Cerutti, D. T. (1991). Discriminative versus reinforcing properties of schedules as determinants of schedule insensitivity in humans. The Psychological Record, 41, 51-67.
Cerutti, D. T. (1994). Compliance with instructions: Effects of randomness in scheduling and monitoring. The Psychological Record, 44, 259-269.
Galizio, M. (1979). Contingency-shaped and rule-governed behavior: Instructional control of human loss avoidance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 53-70.
DeGrandpre, R. J., & Buskist, W. F. (1991). Effects of accuracy of instructions on human behavior: Correspondence with reinforcement contingencies matters. The Psychological Record, 41, 371-384.
Degrandpre, R., Buskist, W., & Cush, D. (1990). Effects of orienting instructions on sensitivity to scheduled contingencies. Bulletin of Psychonomic Society, 28, 3311-334.
England, D. E., & Buskist, W. (1995). The effects of instructions on subject’s disclosure of information about operant tasks. The Psychological Record, 45, 451-461.
Hayes, S. C. (1986). The case of the silent dog”“verbal reports and the analysis of rules: A review of Ericsson and Simon’s “Protocol Analysis: Verbal reports as data.” Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 351-363.
Hayes, S. C., Brownstein, A. J., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I., & Korn, Z. (1986). Rule governed behavior and sensitivity to changing consequences of responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 237-256.
Joyce, J. H., & Chase, P. N. (1990). Effects of response variability on the sensitivity of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 251-262.
LeFrancois, J. R., Chase, P. N., & Joyce, J. (1988). The effects of variety of instructions on human fixed-interval performance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 383-393.
Malott, R. W. (1989). The achievement of evasive goals: Control by rules describing contingencies that are not direct acting. Em S. C. Hayes (Eds.), Rule governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies, and instructional control (pp. 269-322). New York: Plenum.
Martinez, H., & Tomayo, R. (2005). Interactions of contingencies, instructional accuracy, and instructional history in conditional discrimination. The Psychological Record, 55, 633-646.
Navarick, D. J. (2004). Analysis of impulsive choice: Assessing effects of implicit instructions. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Newman, B., Buffington, D. M., & Hemmes, N. S. (1995). The effects of schedules of reinforcement on instruction following. The Psychological Record, 45, 463-476.
Otto, T. L., Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1999). An operant blocking interpretation of instructed insensitivity to schedule contingencies. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Paracampo, C. C. P., Albuquerque, L. C., Farias, A. F., Carvalló, B. N., & Pinto, A. R. (2007). Efeitos de conseqüências programadas sobre o comportamento de seguir regras. Interação em Psicologia, 11, 161-173.
Pinto, A. R., Paracampo, C. C. P., & Albuquerque, L. C. (2006). Análise do controle por regras em participantes classificados de flexíveis e de inflexíveis. Acta Comportamentalia, 14, 171-194.
Schlinger, H., & Blakely, E. (1987). Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli. The Behavior Analyst, 10, 41-45.
Shimoff, E., Catania, A. C., & Matthews, B. A. (1981). Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity of low-rate performance to schedule contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 36, 207-220.
Skinner, B. F. (1963). Operant behavior. American Psychologist, 18, 503-515.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1990). The effects of verbal performance descriptions on nonverbal operant responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 273-291.
Weiner, H. (1970). Instructional control of human operant responding during extinction following fixed-ratio conditioning. Journal of the Analysis Experimental of Behavior, 13, 391-394.
Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1982). Rule-governed behavior: A potential theoretical framework for cognitive-behavior therapy. Em P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (pp. 73-118). New York: Academic Press.
Albuquerque, L. C. (2005). Regras como instrumento de análise do comportamento. Em L. C. Albuquerque (Org.), Estudos do comportamento (pp.143-176). Belém: Edufpa.
Albuquerque, L. C., & Ferreira, K. V. D. (2001). Efeitos de regras com diferentes extensões sobre o comportamento humano. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14, 143-155.
Albuquerque, L. C., Matos, M. A., de Souza, D. G., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2004). Investigação do controle por regras e do controle por histórias de reforço sobre o comportamento humano. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 17, 395-412.
Albuquerque, L. C., de Souza, D. G., Matos, M. A., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2003). Análise dos efeitos de histórias experimentais sobre o seguimento subseqüente de regras. Acta Comportamentalia, 11, 87-126.
Albuquerque, L. C., Reis, A. A., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2008). Efeitos de histórias de reforço, curtas e prolongadas, sobre o seguimento de regras. Acta Comportamentalia, 16, 305-332.
Barret, D. H., Deitz S. M., Gaydos G. R., & Quinn P. C. (1987). The effects of programmed contingencies and social conditions on stereotype responses with human subjects. The Psychological Record, 34, 489-505.
Baron, A., & Galizio, M. (1983). Instructional control of human operant behavior. The Psychological Record, 33, 495-520.
Braga, M. V. N., Albuquerque, L. C., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2005). Análise dos efeitos de perguntas e de instruções sobre o comportamento não-verbal. Interação em Psicologia, 9, 77-89.
Cerutti, D. T. (1989). Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 259-276.
Cerutti, D. T. (1991). Discriminative versus reinforcing properties of schedules as determinants of schedule insensitivity in humans. The Psychological Record, 41, 51-67.
Cerutti, D. T. (1994). Compliance with instructions: Effects of randomness in scheduling and monitoring. The Psychological Record, 44, 259-269.
Galizio, M. (1979). Contingency-shaped and rule-governed behavior: Instructional control of human loss avoidance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 53-70.
DeGrandpre, R. J., & Buskist, W. F. (1991). Effects of accuracy of instructions on human behavior: Correspondence with reinforcement contingencies matters. The Psychological Record, 41, 371-384.
Degrandpre, R., Buskist, W., & Cush, D. (1990). Effects of orienting instructions on sensitivity to scheduled contingencies. Bulletin of Psychonomic Society, 28, 3311-334.
England, D. E., & Buskist, W. (1995). The effects of instructions on subject’s disclosure of information about operant tasks. The Psychological Record, 45, 451-461.
Hayes, S. C. (1986). The case of the silent dog”“verbal reports and the analysis of rules: A review of Ericsson and Simon’s “Protocol Analysis: Verbal reports as data.” Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 351-363.
Hayes, S. C., Brownstein, A. J., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I., & Korn, Z. (1986). Rule governed behavior and sensitivity to changing consequences of responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 237-256.
Joyce, J. H., & Chase, P. N. (1990). Effects of response variability on the sensitivity of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 251-262.
LeFrancois, J. R., Chase, P. N., & Joyce, J. (1988). The effects of variety of instructions on human fixed-interval performance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 383-393.
Malott, R. W. (1989). The achievement of evasive goals: Control by rules describing contingencies that are not direct acting. Em S. C. Hayes (Eds.), Rule governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies, and instructional control (pp. 269-322). New York: Plenum.
Martinez, H., & Tomayo, R. (2005). Interactions of contingencies, instructional accuracy, and instructional history in conditional discrimination. The Psychological Record, 55, 633-646.
Navarick, D. J. (2004). Analysis of impulsive choice: Assessing effects of implicit instructions. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Newman, B., Buffington, D. M., & Hemmes, N. S. (1995). The effects of schedules of reinforcement on instruction following. The Psychological Record, 45, 463-476.
Otto, T. L., Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1999). An operant blocking interpretation of instructed insensitivity to schedule contingencies. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Paracampo, C. C. P., Albuquerque, L. C., Farias, A. F., Carvalló, B. N., & Pinto, A. R. (2007). Efeitos de conseqüências programadas sobre o comportamento de seguir regras. Interação em Psicologia, 11, 161-173.
Pinto, A. R., Paracampo, C. C. P., & Albuquerque, L. C. (2006). Análise do controle por regras em participantes classificados de flexíveis e de inflexíveis. Acta Comportamentalia, 14, 171-194.
Schlinger, H., & Blakely, E. (1987). Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli. The Behavior Analyst, 10, 41-45.
Shimoff, E., Catania, A. C., & Matthews, B. A. (1981). Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity of low-rate performance to schedule contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 36, 207-220.
Skinner, B. F. (1963). Operant behavior. American Psychologist, 18, 503-515.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1990). The effects of verbal performance descriptions on nonverbal operant responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 273-291.
Weiner, H. (1970). Instructional control of human operant responding during extinction following fixed-ratio conditioning. Journal of the Analysis Experimental of Behavior, 13, 391-394.
Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1982). Rule-governed behavior: A potential theoretical framework for cognitive-behavior therapy. Em P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (pp. 73-118). New York: Academic Press.
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Publié-e
2011-02-12
Comment citer
Braga, M. V. N., Albuquerque, L. C. de, Paracampo, C. C. P., & Santos, J. V. dos. (2011). Efeitos de Manipulações de Propriedades Formais de Estímulos Verbais sobre o Comportamento. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 26(4), 661–673. Consulté à l’adresse https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17491
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