Effects of manipulation of formal properties of verbal stimuli on behavior
Keywords:
Defining rules, Effects of instructions, Effects of questionsAbstract
Aiming to investigate the effects of antecedent verbal stimuli on behavior, twenty-four students were exposed to a match to sample procedure. The task consisted of pointing out to each of three comparison stimuli. The correct behavior was reinforced in fixed ratio 6. In Condition 1, the order of the presentation of the stimuli at the beginning of phases 2, 3, 4 and 5 was: corresponding instruction, minimal instruction, corresponding question, minimal question, respectively. The eight conditions differed only in the order in which the verbal stimuli were presented. The corresponding stimuli and corresponding question established the correct behavior in 95% and 33% of the cases, respectively. The minimal stimuli didn’t establish the correct behavior. The results have implications on the defining of rules.
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References
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Malott, R. W. (1989). The achievement of evasive goals: Control by rules describing contingencies that are not direct acting. Em S. C. Hayes (Eds.), Rule governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies, and instructional control (pp. 269-322). New York: Plenum.
Martinez, H., & Tomayo, R. (2005). Interactions of contingencies, instructional accuracy, and instructional history in conditional discrimination. The Psychological Record, 55, 633-646.
Navarick, D. J. (2004). Analysis of impulsive choice: Assessing effects of implicit instructions. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Newman, B., Buffington, D. M., & Hemmes, N. S. (1995). The effects of schedules of reinforcement on instruction following. The Psychological Record, 45, 463-476.
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Paracampo, C. C. P., Albuquerque, L. C., Farias, A. F., Carvalló, B. N., & Pinto, A. R. (2007). Efeitos de conseqüências programadas sobre o comportamento de seguir regras. Interação em Psicologia, 11, 161-173.
Pinto, A. R., Paracampo, C. C. P., & Albuquerque, L. C. (2006). Análise do controle por regras em participantes classificados de flexíveis e de inflexíveis. Acta Comportamentalia, 14, 171-194.
Schlinger, H., & Blakely, E. (1987). Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli. The Behavior Analyst, 10, 41-45.
Shimoff, E., Catania, A. C., & Matthews, B. A. (1981). Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity of low-rate performance to schedule contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 36, 207-220.
Skinner, B. F. (1963). Operant behavior. American Psychologist, 18, 503-515.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1990). The effects of verbal performance descriptions on nonverbal operant responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 273-291.
Weiner, H. (1970). Instructional control of human operant responding during extinction following fixed-ratio conditioning. Journal of the Analysis Experimental of Behavior, 13, 391-394.
Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1982). Rule-governed behavior: A potential theoretical framework for cognitive-behavior therapy. Em P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (pp. 73-118). New York: Academic Press.
Albuquerque, L. C. (2005). Regras como instrumento de análise do comportamento. Em L. C. Albuquerque (Org.), Estudos do comportamento (pp.143-176). Belém: Edufpa.
Albuquerque, L. C., & Ferreira, K. V. D. (2001). Efeitos de regras com diferentes extensões sobre o comportamento humano. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 14, 143-155.
Albuquerque, L. C., Matos, M. A., de Souza, D. G., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2004). Investigação do controle por regras e do controle por histórias de reforço sobre o comportamento humano. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 17, 395-412.
Albuquerque, L. C., de Souza, D. G., Matos, M. A., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2003). Análise dos efeitos de histórias experimentais sobre o seguimento subseqüente de regras. Acta Comportamentalia, 11, 87-126.
Albuquerque, L. C., Reis, A. A., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2008). Efeitos de histórias de reforço, curtas e prolongadas, sobre o seguimento de regras. Acta Comportamentalia, 16, 305-332.
Barret, D. H., Deitz S. M., Gaydos G. R., & Quinn P. C. (1987). The effects of programmed contingencies and social conditions on stereotype responses with human subjects. The Psychological Record, 34, 489-505.
Baron, A., & Galizio, M. (1983). Instructional control of human operant behavior. The Psychological Record, 33, 495-520.
Braga, M. V. N., Albuquerque, L. C., & Paracampo, C. C. P. (2005). Análise dos efeitos de perguntas e de instruções sobre o comportamento não-verbal. Interação em Psicologia, 9, 77-89.
Cerutti, D. T. (1989). Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 259-276.
Cerutti, D. T. (1991). Discriminative versus reinforcing properties of schedules as determinants of schedule insensitivity in humans. The Psychological Record, 41, 51-67.
Cerutti, D. T. (1994). Compliance with instructions: Effects of randomness in scheduling and monitoring. The Psychological Record, 44, 259-269.
Galizio, M. (1979). Contingency-shaped and rule-governed behavior: Instructional control of human loss avoidance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 31, 53-70.
DeGrandpre, R. J., & Buskist, W. F. (1991). Effects of accuracy of instructions on human behavior: Correspondence with reinforcement contingencies matters. The Psychological Record, 41, 371-384.
Degrandpre, R., Buskist, W., & Cush, D. (1990). Effects of orienting instructions on sensitivity to scheduled contingencies. Bulletin of Psychonomic Society, 28, 3311-334.
England, D. E., & Buskist, W. (1995). The effects of instructions on subject’s disclosure of information about operant tasks. The Psychological Record, 45, 451-461.
Hayes, S. C. (1986). The case of the silent dog”“verbal reports and the analysis of rules: A review of Ericsson and Simon’s “Protocol Analysis: Verbal reports as data.” Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 351-363.
Hayes, S. C., Brownstein, A. J., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I., & Korn, Z. (1986). Rule governed behavior and sensitivity to changing consequences of responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 237-256.
Joyce, J. H., & Chase, P. N. (1990). Effects of response variability on the sensitivity of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 251-262.
LeFrancois, J. R., Chase, P. N., & Joyce, J. (1988). The effects of variety of instructions on human fixed-interval performance. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 383-393.
Malott, R. W. (1989). The achievement of evasive goals: Control by rules describing contingencies that are not direct acting. Em S. C. Hayes (Eds.), Rule governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies, and instructional control (pp. 269-322). New York: Plenum.
Martinez, H., & Tomayo, R. (2005). Interactions of contingencies, instructional accuracy, and instructional history in conditional discrimination. The Psychological Record, 55, 633-646.
Navarick, D. J. (2004). Analysis of impulsive choice: Assessing effects of implicit instructions. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Newman, B., Buffington, D. M., & Hemmes, N. S. (1995). The effects of schedules of reinforcement on instruction following. The Psychological Record, 45, 463-476.
Otto, T. L., Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1999). An operant blocking interpretation of instructed insensitivity to schedule contingencies. The Psychological Record, 49, 663-684.
Paracampo, C. C. P., Albuquerque, L. C., Farias, A. F., Carvalló, B. N., & Pinto, A. R. (2007). Efeitos de conseqüências programadas sobre o comportamento de seguir regras. Interação em Psicologia, 11, 161-173.
Pinto, A. R., Paracampo, C. C. P., & Albuquerque, L. C. (2006). Análise do controle por regras em participantes classificados de flexíveis e de inflexíveis. Acta Comportamentalia, 14, 171-194.
Schlinger, H., & Blakely, E. (1987). Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli. The Behavior Analyst, 10, 41-45.
Shimoff, E., Catania, A. C., & Matthews, B. A. (1981). Uninstructed human responding: Sensitivity of low-rate performance to schedule contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 36, 207-220.
Skinner, B. F. (1963). Operant behavior. American Psychologist, 18, 503-515.
Skinner, B. F. (1969). Contingencies of reinforcement: A theoretical analysis. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Torgrud, L. J., & Holborn, S. W. (1990). The effects of verbal performance descriptions on nonverbal operant responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54, 273-291.
Weiner, H. (1970). Instructional control of human operant responding during extinction following fixed-ratio conditioning. Journal of the Analysis Experimental of Behavior, 13, 391-394.
Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1982). Rule-governed behavior: A potential theoretical framework for cognitive-behavior therapy. Em P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive-behavioral research and therapy (pp. 73-118). New York: Academic Press.
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Published
2011-02-12
How to Cite
Braga, M. V. N., Albuquerque, L. C. de, Paracampo, C. C. P., & Santos, J. V. dos. (2011). Effects of manipulation of formal properties of verbal stimuli on behavior. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 26(4), 661–673. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17491
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Estudos Empíricos
