CONSEQUENCES OF PARENTAL DIVORCE ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Abstract
Divorces have increased in most places of the world, and
recent studies suggest that parental separation can constitute a significant
developmental stress for children. The purpose of this article is to present
a review of the literature about the consequences of the parental divorce
on ajustment of children and adolescents. The studies were divided according
to methodology used, theoretical perspectives and aspects which
were focused.
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References
Abelsohn, D. (1983). Dealing with the abdication dynamic in the post divorce family: A
context for adolescent crisis. Family Process, 22, 359-383.
Beal, E.W. (1979). Children of divorce: A family systems perspective. Journal of Social
Issues, 35(4), 140-154.
Benedek, R.S. & Benedek, E.P. (1979). Children of divorce: Can we meet their needs?
Journal of Social Issues, 35 (4), 155-169.
Berg, B. & Kelly, R. (1979). The measured self-esteem of children from broken, rejected,
and accepted families. Journal of Divorce, 2, 363-369.
Biller, H.B. & Bahm, R.M. (1971). Father absence, perceived maternal behavior, and
masculinity of self-concept among junior high school boys. Developmental Psychology,
4, 178-181.
Block, J.H., Block, J. & Gjerde, P.F. (1986). The personality of children prior to divorce:
A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827-840.
Bloom, B.L, Asher, S.J. & White, S.W. (1978). Marital disruption as a stressor: A review
and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 867-894.
Bonkowski, S.E., Bequette, S.Q. & Boomhower, S. (1984). A group design to help
children adjust to parental divorce. Social Casework, 65, 131-137.
Booth, A., Brinkerhoff, D.B. & Lynn, K. (1984). The impact of parental divorce on
courtship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 85-94.
Boyd, D.A., Nunn, G.D. & Parish, T.S. (1983). Effects of marital status and parents'
marital status on evaluation of self and parents. The Journal of Social Psychology,
119, 229-234.
Burchinal, L.G. (1964). Characteristics of adolescents from unbroken, broken, and reconstituted
families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 26, 45-51.
Chapman, M. (1977). Father absence, stepfathers, and the cognitive performance of
college students. Child Development, 48, 1155-1158.
Chawla, P.L. & Gupt, K. (1979). A comparative study of parents of emotionally disturbed
and normal children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 406-411.
Clingempeel, W.G. (1981). Interpersonal relations and group process. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 41, 890-901.
Crossman, S.M. & Adams, G.R. (1980). Divorce, single parenting and child development.
The Journal of Psychology, 106, 205-217.
Emery, R.E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce.
Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330.
Farber, S.S. (1983). Older adolescent and parental divorce: Adjustment problems and
mediators of coping. Journal of Divorce, 7 (2), 59-75.
Fine, M.A., Moreland, J.R. & Schwebel, A.I. (1983). Long-term effects of divorce on
parent-child relationship. Developmental Psychology, 19, 703-713.
Framo, J.L. (1978). The friendly divorce. Psychology Today, 11 (9), 77-102.
Francke, L.B. & Reese, M. (1980). The children of divorce. Newsweek, February 11,
44-49.
Furstenberg, F.F.Jr., Nord, C.W., Peterson, J.L. & Zill, N. (1983). The life course of
children of divorce: Marital disruption and parental contact. American Sociological
Review, 48, 656-668.
Gregory, I. (19657. Anterospective data following childhood loss of father. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 13, 110-120.
Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in
adolescent daughters. Developmental Psychology, 7, 313-326.
Hetherington, E.M. (1973). Girls without fathers. Psychology Today, 6 (9), 47-52.
Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M. & Cox, R. (1979). Play and social interaction in children
following divorce. Journal of Social Issues, 35 (4), 26-49.
Hess, R:D. & Câmara, K.A. (1979). Post-divorce family relationships as mediation
factors in the consequences of divorce for children. Journal of Social Issues, 35
(4), 79-86.
Hunter, J.E. & Schuman, N. (1980). Chronic reconstitution as a family style. Social
Work, 28, 446-451.
IBGE - Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - (1982). Anuário
Estatístico do Brasil, 43, 100-108.
IBGE - Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - (1985). Anuário
Estatístico do Brasil, 46, 97-114.
Kalter, N. (1977). Children of divorce in an outpatient psychiatric population. American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 47, 40-51.
Kalter, N. (1984). Conjoint mother-daughter treatment: A beginning phase of psychoterapy
with adolescent daughters of divorce. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
54, 490-497.
Kalter, N. & Rembar, J. (1981). The significance of a child's age at the time of parental
divorce. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 85-100.
Kalmykova, E.S. (1984). Psychological problems of the first years of married life. Sower
Psychology, 22 (3), 61-73.
Kurdek, LA. (1981). An integrative perspective on children's divorce adjustment. American
Psychologist, 38, 856-866.
Kurdek, L.A., Blisk, D. & Siesky, A.E. (1981). Correlates of children's long-term adjustment
to their parent's divorce. Development al Psychology, 17, 565-579.
Leahey, M. (1984). Findings from research on divorce: Implications for professionals'
skill development. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, 298-317.
Levintin, Т.Е. (1979). Children of divorce: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 35
(4), 1-25.
Lifshitz, M. (1975). Social differentiation and organization of the Rorschach in fatherless
and two-parented children. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 126-130.
Maldonado, M.T. (1987). Casamento: Término e reconstituição. Petrópolis: Editora
Vozes.
McCord, J., McCord, W. & Thurber, E. (1962). Some effects of paternal absence on
male children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 361-369.
McDermott, J.F. (1968). Parental divorce in early childhood. American Journal of Psychiatry,
124, 1424-1432.
McDermott, J.F. (1970). Divorce and its psychiatric sequelae in children. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 23, 421-427.
Mitchell, A.K. (1983). Adolescents' experiences of parental separation and divorce.
Journal of Adolescence, 6, 175-187.
Montemajor, R. (1984). Picking up the pieces: The effects of parental divorce on adolescents
with some suggestions for school-bases intervention programs. Journal
of Early Adolescence, 4, 298-314.
Noble, D.N. (1983). Custody context: How to divide and reassemble a child. Social
Casework, 64, 406-413.
Oshman, H.P. & Manosevitz, M. (1976). Father absence: Effects of setepfathers upon
psychosocial development in males. Developmental Psychology, 12, 479-480.
Pardeck, J.T. & Izikoff, E. (1983). A comparative study of the self-concepts of adolescents
from intact and non-intact families. Personality & Individual Differences, 4,
551-553.
Parish, T.S. & Copeland, T.F. (1979). The relationship between self-concepts and
evaluations of parents and stepfathers. The Journal of Psychology, 101, 135-138.
Parish, T.S. & Taylor, J.C. (1979). The impact of divorce and subsequent father absence
on children's and adolescents's self-concepts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
8, 427-432.
Parish, T.S. & Dostal, J.W. (1980). Relationship between evaluations of self and parents
by children from intact and divorced families. The Journal of Psychology,
104, 35-38.
Parish, T.S. (1981a). Concordance of children's descriptions of themselves and their
parents as parents as a function of intact versus divorced families.-Tfte Journal of
Psychology, 107, 199-201.
Parish, T.S. (1981 b). The impact of divorce on the family. Adolescence, 16, 577-580.
Parish, T.S. & Nunn, G.D. (1981). Children's self-concepts and evaluations of parents
as a function of family structure and process. The Journal of Psychology, 107,
105-108.
Parish, T.S., Dostal, J.W. & Parish, J.G. (1981). Evaluations of self and parents as
a function of intactness of family and family happiness. Adolescence, 16,
203-210.
Parish, T.S. & Parish, J.G. (1983a). Relationship between evaluations of one's self
and one's family by children from intact, reconstituted, and single-parent families.
The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 143, 293-294.
Parish, T.S. & Parish, J.G. (1983b). Children's self-concepts as related to family
structure and family concept-. Adolescence, 18, 649-658.
Parish, T.S. & Wigle, S.E. (1985). A longitudinal study of the impact of parental divorce
on adolescent's evaluations of self and parents. Adolescence, 20, 239-345.
Parish, T.S. & Osterberg, J. (1986). Evaluations of self, parents, and family: variations
caused by family structure and personal stress. The Journal of Psychology, 119,
231-233.
Patten-Seward, P. (1984). Assessing student emotional behavior after parental separation
or divorce. Journal of School Health, 54, 152-159.
Pinheiro, A.A.A., Siqueira, I.L.S.M. & Bucher, J.S.N.F. (1983). Ausência do pai: Uma
introdução ao tema. Revista de Psicologia, 1, 107-122.
Raschke, H.J. & Raschke, V. (1979). Family conflict and children's self-concepts: A
comparison of intact and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
41, 367-374.
Ribeiro, M.A. (1988). О autoconceito de adolescentes segundo o sexo e a estrutura
familiar. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 4, 85-95.
Robson, B.E. (1983). And they lived happily ever after: Marriage concepts of older
adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 646-649.
Saltz, J.C. & Zongker, C.E. (1983). Effects of divorce counseling groups on adjustment
and self-concept. Journal of Divorce, 6, 55-67.
Santrock, J.W. (1972). Relation of type and onset of father absence to cognitive development.
Child Development, 43, 455-469.
Santrock, J.W. & Warshak, R.A. (1979). Father custody and social development in
boys and girls. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 112-125.
Schwartzberg, A.Z. (1981). Divorce and children and adolescents: an overview. Adolescent
Psychiatry, 9, 119-132.
Sorosky, A.D. (1977). The psychological effects of divorce on adolescents. Adolescence,
12, 123-136.
Swartzberg, L, Shmukler, D. & Chalmers, B. (1983). Emotional adjustment and selfconcept
of children from divorced and nondivorced unhappy homes. The Journal
of Social Psychology, 121, 305-311.
Wallerstein, J.S. & Kelly, J.B. (1976). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of
the child in later latency. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46, 256-269.
Wallerstein, J.S. & Kelly, J.B. (1980). California's children of divorce. Psychology Today,
13 (8), 67-76.
Wallerstein, J.S. (1984). Children of divorce: Preliminary report of a ten year follow-up
of children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, 444-458.
Weiss, R.S. (1979) Growing up a little faster: The experience of growing up in singleparent
household. Journal of Social Work, 35, 97-111.
Westman, J.C, Cline, D.W., Switt, WJ. & Kramer, D.A. (1970). Role of child Psychiatry
in divorce. Archives of General Psyqhiatry, 23, 416-420.
Westman, J.C. (1983). The impact of divorce on teenagers. Clinical Pediatrics, 22,
692-697.
Williams, B.M. Wright, D. & Rosenthal, D. (1983). A model for intervention with latency-
aged children of divorce. Family Therapy, 10, 111-124.
Wiseman, J.M. & Fisk, J.A. (1980). A lawyer-therapist team as mediator in a marital
crisis. Social Work, 28, 442-445.
Zeanah, P.D. (1983). Children of divorce. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing,
6, 91-106.
context for adolescent crisis. Family Process, 22, 359-383.
Beal, E.W. (1979). Children of divorce: A family systems perspective. Journal of Social
Issues, 35(4), 140-154.
Benedek, R.S. & Benedek, E.P. (1979). Children of divorce: Can we meet their needs?
Journal of Social Issues, 35 (4), 155-169.
Berg, B. & Kelly, R. (1979). The measured self-esteem of children from broken, rejected,
and accepted families. Journal of Divorce, 2, 363-369.
Biller, H.B. & Bahm, R.M. (1971). Father absence, perceived maternal behavior, and
masculinity of self-concept among junior high school boys. Developmental Psychology,
4, 178-181.
Block, J.H., Block, J. & Gjerde, P.F. (1986). The personality of children prior to divorce:
A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827-840.
Bloom, B.L, Asher, S.J. & White, S.W. (1978). Marital disruption as a stressor: A review
and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 867-894.
Bonkowski, S.E., Bequette, S.Q. & Boomhower, S. (1984). A group design to help
children adjust to parental divorce. Social Casework, 65, 131-137.
Booth, A., Brinkerhoff, D.B. & Lynn, K. (1984). The impact of parental divorce on
courtship. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 46, 85-94.
Boyd, D.A., Nunn, G.D. & Parish, T.S. (1983). Effects of marital status and parents'
marital status on evaluation of self and parents. The Journal of Social Psychology,
119, 229-234.
Burchinal, L.G. (1964). Characteristics of adolescents from unbroken, broken, and reconstituted
families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 26, 45-51.
Chapman, M. (1977). Father absence, stepfathers, and the cognitive performance of
college students. Child Development, 48, 1155-1158.
Chawla, P.L. & Gupt, K. (1979). A comparative study of parents of emotionally disturbed
and normal children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 406-411.
Clingempeel, W.G. (1981). Interpersonal relations and group process. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 41, 890-901.
Crossman, S.M. & Adams, G.R. (1980). Divorce, single parenting and child development.
The Journal of Psychology, 106, 205-217.
Emery, R.E. (1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce.
Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330.
Farber, S.S. (1983). Older adolescent and parental divorce: Adjustment problems and
mediators of coping. Journal of Divorce, 7 (2), 59-75.
Fine, M.A., Moreland, J.R. & Schwebel, A.I. (1983). Long-term effects of divorce on
parent-child relationship. Developmental Psychology, 19, 703-713.
Framo, J.L. (1978). The friendly divorce. Psychology Today, 11 (9), 77-102.
Francke, L.B. & Reese, M. (1980). The children of divorce. Newsweek, February 11,
44-49.
Furstenberg, F.F.Jr., Nord, C.W., Peterson, J.L. & Zill, N. (1983). The life course of
children of divorce: Marital disruption and parental contact. American Sociological
Review, 48, 656-668.
Gregory, I. (19657. Anterospective data following childhood loss of father. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 13, 110-120.
Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in
adolescent daughters. Developmental Psychology, 7, 313-326.
Hetherington, E.M. (1973). Girls without fathers. Psychology Today, 6 (9), 47-52.
Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M. & Cox, R. (1979). Play and social interaction in children
following divorce. Journal of Social Issues, 35 (4), 26-49.
Hess, R:D. & Câmara, K.A. (1979). Post-divorce family relationships as mediation
factors in the consequences of divorce for children. Journal of Social Issues, 35
(4), 79-86.
Hunter, J.E. & Schuman, N. (1980). Chronic reconstitution as a family style. Social
Work, 28, 446-451.
IBGE - Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - (1982). Anuário
Estatístico do Brasil, 43, 100-108.
IBGE - Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - (1985). Anuário
Estatístico do Brasil, 46, 97-114.
Kalter, N. (1977). Children of divorce in an outpatient psychiatric population. American
Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 47, 40-51.
Kalter, N. (1984). Conjoint mother-daughter treatment: A beginning phase of psychoterapy
with adolescent daughters of divorce. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
54, 490-497.
Kalter, N. & Rembar, J. (1981). The significance of a child's age at the time of parental
divorce. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 85-100.
Kalmykova, E.S. (1984). Psychological problems of the first years of married life. Sower
Psychology, 22 (3), 61-73.
Kurdek, LA. (1981). An integrative perspective on children's divorce adjustment. American
Psychologist, 38, 856-866.
Kurdek, L.A., Blisk, D. & Siesky, A.E. (1981). Correlates of children's long-term adjustment
to their parent's divorce. Development al Psychology, 17, 565-579.
Leahey, M. (1984). Findings from research on divorce: Implications for professionals'
skill development. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, 298-317.
Levintin, Т.Е. (1979). Children of divorce: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 35
(4), 1-25.
Lifshitz, M. (1975). Social differentiation and organization of the Rorschach in fatherless
and two-parented children. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 126-130.
Maldonado, M.T. (1987). Casamento: Término e reconstituição. Petrópolis: Editora
Vozes.
McCord, J., McCord, W. & Thurber, E. (1962). Some effects of paternal absence on
male children. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64, 361-369.
McDermott, J.F. (1968). Parental divorce in early childhood. American Journal of Psychiatry,
124, 1424-1432.
McDermott, J.F. (1970). Divorce and its psychiatric sequelae in children. Archives of
General Psychiatry, 23, 421-427.
Mitchell, A.K. (1983). Adolescents' experiences of parental separation and divorce.
Journal of Adolescence, 6, 175-187.
Montemajor, R. (1984). Picking up the pieces: The effects of parental divorce on adolescents
with some suggestions for school-bases intervention programs. Journal
of Early Adolescence, 4, 298-314.
Noble, D.N. (1983). Custody context: How to divide and reassemble a child. Social
Casework, 64, 406-413.
Oshman, H.P. & Manosevitz, M. (1976). Father absence: Effects of setepfathers upon
psychosocial development in males. Developmental Psychology, 12, 479-480.
Pardeck, J.T. & Izikoff, E. (1983). A comparative study of the self-concepts of adolescents
from intact and non-intact families. Personality & Individual Differences, 4,
551-553.
Parish, T.S. & Copeland, T.F. (1979). The relationship between self-concepts and
evaluations of parents and stepfathers. The Journal of Psychology, 101, 135-138.
Parish, T.S. & Taylor, J.C. (1979). The impact of divorce and subsequent father absence
on children's and adolescents's self-concepts. Journal of Youth and Adolescence,
8, 427-432.
Parish, T.S. & Dostal, J.W. (1980). Relationship between evaluations of self and parents
by children from intact and divorced families. The Journal of Psychology,
104, 35-38.
Parish, T.S. (1981a). Concordance of children's descriptions of themselves and their
parents as parents as a function of intact versus divorced families.-Tfte Journal of
Psychology, 107, 199-201.
Parish, T.S. (1981 b). The impact of divorce on the family. Adolescence, 16, 577-580.
Parish, T.S. & Nunn, G.D. (1981). Children's self-concepts and evaluations of parents
as a function of family structure and process. The Journal of Psychology, 107,
105-108.
Parish, T.S., Dostal, J.W. & Parish, J.G. (1981). Evaluations of self and parents as
a function of intactness of family and family happiness. Adolescence, 16,
203-210.
Parish, T.S. & Parish, J.G. (1983a). Relationship between evaluations of one's self
and one's family by children from intact, reconstituted, and single-parent families.
The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 143, 293-294.
Parish, T.S. & Parish, J.G. (1983b). Children's self-concepts as related to family
structure and family concept-. Adolescence, 18, 649-658.
Parish, T.S. & Wigle, S.E. (1985). A longitudinal study of the impact of parental divorce
on adolescent's evaluations of self and parents. Adolescence, 20, 239-345.
Parish, T.S. & Osterberg, J. (1986). Evaluations of self, parents, and family: variations
caused by family structure and personal stress. The Journal of Psychology, 119,
231-233.
Patten-Seward, P. (1984). Assessing student emotional behavior after parental separation
or divorce. Journal of School Health, 54, 152-159.
Pinheiro, A.A.A., Siqueira, I.L.S.M. & Bucher, J.S.N.F. (1983). Ausência do pai: Uma
introdução ao tema. Revista de Psicologia, 1, 107-122.
Raschke, H.J. & Raschke, V. (1979). Family conflict and children's self-concepts: A
comparison of intact and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage and the Family,
41, 367-374.
Ribeiro, M.A. (1988). О autoconceito de adolescentes segundo o sexo e a estrutura
familiar. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 4, 85-95.
Robson, B.E. (1983). And they lived happily ever after: Marriage concepts of older
adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 646-649.
Saltz, J.C. & Zongker, C.E. (1983). Effects of divorce counseling groups on adjustment
and self-concept. Journal of Divorce, 6, 55-67.
Santrock, J.W. (1972). Relation of type and onset of father absence to cognitive development.
Child Development, 43, 455-469.
Santrock, J.W. & Warshak, R.A. (1979). Father custody and social development in
boys and girls. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 112-125.
Schwartzberg, A.Z. (1981). Divorce and children and adolescents: an overview. Adolescent
Psychiatry, 9, 119-132.
Sorosky, A.D. (1977). The psychological effects of divorce on adolescents. Adolescence,
12, 123-136.
Swartzberg, L, Shmukler, D. & Chalmers, B. (1983). Emotional adjustment and selfconcept
of children from divorced and nondivorced unhappy homes. The Journal
of Social Psychology, 121, 305-311.
Wallerstein, J.S. & Kelly, J.B. (1976). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of
the child in later latency. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46, 256-269.
Wallerstein, J.S. & Kelly, J.B. (1980). California's children of divorce. Psychology Today,
13 (8), 67-76.
Wallerstein, J.S. (1984). Children of divorce: Preliminary report of a ten year follow-up
of children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54, 444-458.
Weiss, R.S. (1979) Growing up a little faster: The experience of growing up in singleparent
household. Journal of Social Work, 35, 97-111.
Westman, J.C, Cline, D.W., Switt, WJ. & Kramer, D.A. (1970). Role of child Psychiatry
in divorce. Archives of General Psyqhiatry, 23, 416-420.
Westman, J.C. (1983). The impact of divorce on teenagers. Clinical Pediatrics, 22,
692-697.
Williams, B.M. Wright, D. & Rosenthal, D. (1983). A model for intervention with latency-
aged children of divorce. Family Therapy, 10, 111-124.
Wiseman, J.M. & Fisk, J.A. (1980). A lawyer-therapist team as mediator in a marital
crisis. Social Work, 28, 442-445.
Zeanah, P.D. (1983). Children of divorce. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing,
6, 91-106.
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Published
2012-07-12
How to Cite
Alexina Ribeiro, M. (2012). CONSEQUENCES OF PARENTAL DIVORCE ON CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 4(3), 283–294. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17053
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