O Autoconceito De Adolescentes Segundo O Sexo E A Estrutura Familiar
Resumen
RESUMO ”” A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o autoconceito de adolescentes de duas estruturas familiares (genitores que vivem juntos e genitores separados). A amostra foi composta por 120 adolescentes com idade média de 15 anos e 5 meses, residentes em Brasília. Os sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos: 60 cujos genitores vivem juntos e 60 cujos genitores são separados, sendo 30 de cada sexo. A avaliação do autoconceito foi feita através da Escala Fatorial de Autoconceito ”” EFA - (Tamayo, 1981 a). A ANOVA 2 x 2, calculada para cada fator, revelou efeitos principais da variável separação dos pais sobre os fatores segurança pessoal, atitude social, autocontrole e self ético-moral, onde os adolescentes cujos genitores são separados tiveram escores significativamente mais baixos. A variável sexo só apresentou efeito principal no fator self ético-moral, sendo que as mulheres tiveram escores significativamente mais elevados.
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Citas
Barbosa, A.M.S. & Goes, J.C.S. (1 985). Alterações no autoconceito de pacientes
mastectomizadas. Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 872 (02-G.2).
Bee, H. (1984). A criança em desenvolvimento. São Paulo: Editora Harper & Row
do Brasil Ltda.
Biller, H.B. &Bahm, R.M. (1971). Father absence, perceived maternal behavior, and masculinity of self-concept among junior high school boys. Developmental
Psychology, 4, 178-181.
Bledson, J.C. (1981). Is self-concept a reliable predictor of economic status?
Psychological Reports, 49, 883-886.
Block, J.H., Block, J. & Gjerde, P.F. (1986). The personality of children prior to
divorce: A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827-840.
Boyd, D.A. & Parish, T.S. (1 983). An investigation of father loss and college students'
androgyny scores. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 145,
279-280.
Burchinal, L.G. (1 964). Characteristics of adolescents from unbroken, broken,
and reconstituted families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 44-51.
Ð’ucher, J. S. N. F. (1980). O processo de dissolução conjugal e a atitude dos filhos.
Pesquisa subvencionada pelo CNPq. Processo n° 109098/78. Brasília.
Calhoun, G. & Morse, W.C. (1977). Self-concept and self-esteem: Another
perspective. Psychology in the School, 14, 318-323.
Chambliss, J., Müller, D., Hulnick, R. & Wood, M. (1 978). Relationships between
self-concept, self-esteem, popularity and social judgements of junior
high school students. The Journal of Psychology, 98, 91-98.
Chawla, P.L. & Gupt, K. (1 979). A comparative study of parents of emotionally
disturbed and normal children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134,
406-411.
Crossman, S.M. & Adams, G.R. (1 980). Divorce, single parenting and child development.
The Journal of Psychology, 106, 205-217.
Dixon, J.C. & Street, J.W. (1 975). The distinction between self and not-self in
children and adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 127,
157-162.
Dourado, J.M.B. (1 984). O rendimento acadêmico e sua relação com o autoconceito
do aluno e a retroalimentação do professor. Dissertação de Mestrado
não publicada. Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, D.F.
Emery, R.E.( 1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce.
Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330.
Erdwins, C, Small, A. & Gross, R. (1 980). The relationship of sex role to selfconcept.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 111-115.
Fine, M.A., Moreland, J.R. & Schwebel, A.I. (1983). Long-term effects of divorce
on parent-child relationship. Developmental Psychology, 19,
703-713.
Gardner, R. (1977). Children of divorce ”” some legal and psychological considerations.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 6, 3-6.
Gross, W.F. & Alder, L.O. (1970). Aspects of alcoholics' self-concept as measured
by the Tennessee self-concept scale. Psychological Reports, 27,
431-434.
Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development
in adolescent daughters. Developmental Psychology, 7, 31 3-326.
Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M. & Cox, R. (1979). Play and social interaction in children
following divorce. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 26-49.
Jacobson, D.S. (1978). The impact of marital separation/divorce on children:
Parent-child separation and child adjustment. Journal of Divorce, 4,
341-355.
Jegede, R.O. (1982). A cross-sectional study of self-concept development in
Nigerian adolescents. The Journal of Psychology, 110, 249-261.
Kalter, N. & Rembar, J. (1981). The significance of a child's age at the time of
parental divorce. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 85-100.
Kurdek, LA. (1981). An integrative perspective on children's divorce adjustment.
American Psychologist, 36, 856-866.
Kurdek, LA., Blisk, D. & Siesky, A.E. (1981). Correlates of children's long-term
adjustment to their parents' divorce. Developmental Psychology, 17,
565-579.
Lummertz, J.G. & Biaggio, A.M.B. (1 986). Relação entre autoconceito e nível de
satisfação familiar em adolescentes. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia,
38, 158-166.
Mahoney, E.K.& Finch, M.D.f 1976). Body cathexis and self-esteem: A reanalysis
of the differential contribution of specific body aspects. Journal of Social
Psychology, 99, 251-258.
Maldonado, M.T. (1987). Casamento: Término e reconstrução. Petrópolis: Editora
Vozes.
McDermott, J.F. (1 968). Parental divorce in early childhood. American Journal
of Psychiatry, 124, 1424-1432.
Moore, K. &Stoner, S. (1977). Adolescent self-reports and religiosity. Psychological
Reports, 41, 55-56.
Pardeck, J.T. & Izikoff, E. (1 983). A comparative study of the self-concepts of
adolescents from intact and non-intact families. Personality and Individual
Differences, 4, 551-553.
Parish, T.S. (1981). Concordance of children's descriptions of themselves and
their parents as a function of intact versus divorced families. The Journal
of Psychology, 107, 199-201.
Parish, T.S., Dostal, J.W. & Parish, J.G. (1981). Evaluations of self and parents as
a function of intactness of family and family happiness. Adolescence, 16,
203-210.
Parish, T.S. & Nunn, G.D. (1 981). Children's self-concepts and evaluations of
parents as a function of family structure and process. The Journal of Psychology,
107, 105-108.
Parish, T.S. & Osterberg, J. (1 986). Evaluations of self, parents, and family: Variations
caused by family structure and personal stress. The Journal of
Psychology, 119,231 -233.
Parish, T.S. & Taylor, J.G. (1 979). The impact of divorce and subsequent father
absence on children's and adolescents' self-concepts. Journal of Youth
and Adolescence, 8, 427-432.
Parish, T.S. & Wigle, S.E. (1 985). A longitudinal study of the impact of parental
divorce on adolescents' evaluations of self and parents. Adolescence,
20, 239-345.
Patten-Seward, P. (1 984). Assessing student emotional behavior after parental
separation or divorce. Journal of School Health, 54, 1 52-1 59.
Paulinelli, J.D.C. & Tamayo, A. (1 986). Autoconceito: Efeitos da cegueira e do
sexo em adolescentes. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 38, 11 5-126.
Pinheiro, A.A.A., Siqueira, I.L.S.M. & Bucher, J.S.N.F. (1 980). Ausência do pai:
Uma introdução ao tema. Revista de Psicologia, 1, 107-122.
Raschke, H.J. & Raschke, V. (1979). Family conflict and children's self-concepts:
A comparison of intact and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage
and the Family, 41, 367-374.
Robson, B.E. (1983). And they lived happily ever after: Marriage concepts of
older adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 646-649.
Rogers, С (1947). Casebook of non-directive counseling. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Silva, I.V. & Alencar, E.M.L.S. (1 984). Autoconceito, rendimento acadêmico e
escolha do lugar de sentar entre alunos de nível sócio-econômico médio
e baixo. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 36, 89-96.
Sorosky, A.D. (1977). The psychological effects of divorce on adolescents.
Adolescence, 12, 123-136.
Swartzberg, L, Schmukler, D. & Chalmers, B. (1983). Emotional adjustment
and self-concept of children from divorced and nondivorced unhappy
homes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 121, 305-311.
Tamayo, A. (1 981 a). EFA: Escala fatorial de autoconceito. Arquivos Brasileiros
de Psicologia, 33, 87-102.
Tamayo, A. (1981 b). Influência da paternidade e maternidade sobre o autoconceito.
Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência. Salvador, Bahia.
824 (77-G.2).
Tamayo, A. (1981c). Autoconceito e nível de instrução. Sociedade Brasileira para
o Progresso da Ciência. Salvador, Bahia. 824 (74-G.2).
Tamayo, A. (1 981 d). Autoconceito e ordem de nascimento. Sociedade Brasileira
para o Progresso da Ciência. Salvador, Bahia. 823 (73-G.2).
Tamayo, A. (1 981 e). Autoconceito, posse de carro e índice de acidentes automotores.
Psicologia:Ciência e Profissão, 1, 101-116.
Tamayo, A. (1982a). Concept de soi et religion. Psychologica Bélgica, 22,
57-65.
Tamayo, A. (1 982b). Autoconceito e região de origem. Arquivos Brasileiros de
Psicologia, 34, 60-64.
Tamayo, A. (1 986). Autoconcepto, sexo у estado civil. Acta Psiquiátrica у Psicológica
de América Latina, 32, 207-214.
Tamayo, A. & Cunha, M.E.A. (1983). Autoconceito, sexo e freqüência de atividade
sexual pré-marital. Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência,
Belém, Pará. 800 (13-G.2).
Tamayo, A. & Raymond, F. (1 977). Self-concept of psychopaths. The Journal of
Psychology, 97, 71-77.
Wallerstein, J.S. (1984). Children of divorce: Preliminary report of a ten year
follow-up of children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54,
444-458.
Wallerstein, J.S. & Kelly, J.B. (1 980). California's children of divorce. Psychology
Today, 13, 67-76.
Weiss, R.S. (1979). Growing up a little faster: The experience of growing up in
single-parent household. Journal of Social Work, 35, 97-111.
Westman, J.С (1983). The impact of divorce on teenagers. Clinical Pediatrics,
22, 692-697.
Zeanah, P.D. (1983). Children of divorce. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric
Nurse, 6, 91-106.
mastectomizadas. Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência,
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 872 (02-G.2).
Bee, H. (1984). A criança em desenvolvimento. São Paulo: Editora Harper & Row
do Brasil Ltda.
Biller, H.B. &Bahm, R.M. (1971). Father absence, perceived maternal behavior, and masculinity of self-concept among junior high school boys. Developmental
Psychology, 4, 178-181.
Bledson, J.C. (1981). Is self-concept a reliable predictor of economic status?
Psychological Reports, 49, 883-886.
Block, J.H., Block, J. & Gjerde, P.F. (1986). The personality of children prior to
divorce: A prospective study. Child Development, 57, 827-840.
Boyd, D.A. & Parish, T.S. (1 983). An investigation of father loss and college students'
androgyny scores. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 145,
279-280.
Burchinal, L.G. (1 964). Characteristics of adolescents from unbroken, broken,
and reconstituted families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 44-51.
Ð’ucher, J. S. N. F. (1980). O processo de dissolução conjugal e a atitude dos filhos.
Pesquisa subvencionada pelo CNPq. Processo n° 109098/78. Brasília.
Calhoun, G. & Morse, W.C. (1977). Self-concept and self-esteem: Another
perspective. Psychology in the School, 14, 318-323.
Chambliss, J., Müller, D., Hulnick, R. & Wood, M. (1 978). Relationships between
self-concept, self-esteem, popularity and social judgements of junior
high school students. The Journal of Psychology, 98, 91-98.
Chawla, P.L. & Gupt, K. (1 979). A comparative study of parents of emotionally
disturbed and normal children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134,
406-411.
Crossman, S.M. & Adams, G.R. (1 980). Divorce, single parenting and child development.
The Journal of Psychology, 106, 205-217.
Dixon, J.C. & Street, J.W. (1 975). The distinction between self and not-self in
children and adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 127,
157-162.
Dourado, J.M.B. (1 984). O rendimento acadêmico e sua relação com o autoconceito
do aluno e a retroalimentação do professor. Dissertação de Mestrado
não publicada. Universidade de Brasília. Brasília, D.F.
Emery, R.E.( 1982). Interparental conflict and the children of discord and divorce.
Psychological Bulletin, 92, 310-330.
Erdwins, C, Small, A. & Gross, R. (1 980). The relationship of sex role to selfconcept.
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 111-115.
Fine, M.A., Moreland, J.R. & Schwebel, A.I. (1983). Long-term effects of divorce
on parent-child relationship. Developmental Psychology, 19,
703-713.
Gardner, R. (1977). Children of divorce ”” some legal and psychological considerations.
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 6, 3-6.
Gross, W.F. & Alder, L.O. (1970). Aspects of alcoholics' self-concept as measured
by the Tennessee self-concept scale. Psychological Reports, 27,
431-434.
Hetherington, E.M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development
in adolescent daughters. Developmental Psychology, 7, 31 3-326.
Hetherington, E.M., Cox, M. & Cox, R. (1979). Play and social interaction in children
following divorce. Journal of Social Issues, 35, 26-49.
Jacobson, D.S. (1978). The impact of marital separation/divorce on children:
Parent-child separation and child adjustment. Journal of Divorce, 4,
341-355.
Jegede, R.O. (1982). A cross-sectional study of self-concept development in
Nigerian adolescents. The Journal of Psychology, 110, 249-261.
Kalter, N. & Rembar, J. (1981). The significance of a child's age at the time of
parental divorce. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, 85-100.
Kurdek, LA. (1981). An integrative perspective on children's divorce adjustment.
American Psychologist, 36, 856-866.
Kurdek, LA., Blisk, D. & Siesky, A.E. (1981). Correlates of children's long-term
adjustment to their parents' divorce. Developmental Psychology, 17,
565-579.
Lummertz, J.G. & Biaggio, A.M.B. (1 986). Relação entre autoconceito e nível de
satisfação familiar em adolescentes. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia,
38, 158-166.
Mahoney, E.K.& Finch, M.D.f 1976). Body cathexis and self-esteem: A reanalysis
of the differential contribution of specific body aspects. Journal of Social
Psychology, 99, 251-258.
Maldonado, M.T. (1987). Casamento: Término e reconstrução. Petrópolis: Editora
Vozes.
McDermott, J.F. (1 968). Parental divorce in early childhood. American Journal
of Psychiatry, 124, 1424-1432.
Moore, K. &Stoner, S. (1977). Adolescent self-reports and religiosity. Psychological
Reports, 41, 55-56.
Pardeck, J.T. & Izikoff, E. (1 983). A comparative study of the self-concepts of
adolescents from intact and non-intact families. Personality and Individual
Differences, 4, 551-553.
Parish, T.S. (1981). Concordance of children's descriptions of themselves and
their parents as a function of intact versus divorced families. The Journal
of Psychology, 107, 199-201.
Parish, T.S., Dostal, J.W. & Parish, J.G. (1981). Evaluations of self and parents as
a function of intactness of family and family happiness. Adolescence, 16,
203-210.
Parish, T.S. & Nunn, G.D. (1 981). Children's self-concepts and evaluations of
parents as a function of family structure and process. The Journal of Psychology,
107, 105-108.
Parish, T.S. & Osterberg, J. (1 986). Evaluations of self, parents, and family: Variations
caused by family structure and personal stress. The Journal of
Psychology, 119,231 -233.
Parish, T.S. & Taylor, J.G. (1 979). The impact of divorce and subsequent father
absence on children's and adolescents' self-concepts. Journal of Youth
and Adolescence, 8, 427-432.
Parish, T.S. & Wigle, S.E. (1 985). A longitudinal study of the impact of parental
divorce on adolescents' evaluations of self and parents. Adolescence,
20, 239-345.
Patten-Seward, P. (1 984). Assessing student emotional behavior after parental
separation or divorce. Journal of School Health, 54, 1 52-1 59.
Paulinelli, J.D.C. & Tamayo, A. (1 986). Autoconceito: Efeitos da cegueira e do
sexo em adolescentes. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 38, 11 5-126.
Pinheiro, A.A.A., Siqueira, I.L.S.M. & Bucher, J.S.N.F. (1 980). Ausência do pai:
Uma introdução ao tema. Revista de Psicologia, 1, 107-122.
Raschke, H.J. & Raschke, V. (1979). Family conflict and children's self-concepts:
A comparison of intact and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage
and the Family, 41, 367-374.
Robson, B.E. (1983). And they lived happily ever after: Marriage concepts of
older adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 646-649.
Rogers, С (1947). Casebook of non-directive counseling. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Silva, I.V. & Alencar, E.M.L.S. (1 984). Autoconceito, rendimento acadêmico e
escolha do lugar de sentar entre alunos de nível sócio-econômico médio
e baixo. Arquivos Brasileiros de Psicologia, 36, 89-96.
Sorosky, A.D. (1977). The psychological effects of divorce on adolescents.
Adolescence, 12, 123-136.
Swartzberg, L, Schmukler, D. & Chalmers, B. (1983). Emotional adjustment
and self-concept of children from divorced and nondivorced unhappy
homes. The Journal of Social Psychology, 121, 305-311.
Tamayo, A. (1 981 a). EFA: Escala fatorial de autoconceito. Arquivos Brasileiros
de Psicologia, 33, 87-102.
Tamayo, A. (1981 b). Influência da paternidade e maternidade sobre o autoconceito.
Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência. Salvador, Bahia.
824 (77-G.2).
Tamayo, A. (1981c). Autoconceito e nível de instrução. Sociedade Brasileira para
o Progresso da Ciência. Salvador, Bahia. 824 (74-G.2).
Tamayo, A. (1 981 d). Autoconceito e ordem de nascimento. Sociedade Brasileira
para o Progresso da Ciência. Salvador, Bahia. 823 (73-G.2).
Tamayo, A. (1 981 e). Autoconceito, posse de carro e índice de acidentes automotores.
Psicologia:Ciência e Profissão, 1, 101-116.
Tamayo, A. (1982a). Concept de soi et religion. Psychologica Bélgica, 22,
57-65.
Tamayo, A. (1 982b). Autoconceito e região de origem. Arquivos Brasileiros de
Psicologia, 34, 60-64.
Tamayo, A. (1 986). Autoconcepto, sexo у estado civil. Acta Psiquiátrica у Psicológica
de América Latina, 32, 207-214.
Tamayo, A. & Cunha, M.E.A. (1983). Autoconceito, sexo e freqüência de atividade
sexual pré-marital. Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência,
Belém, Pará. 800 (13-G.2).
Tamayo, A. & Raymond, F. (1 977). Self-concept of psychopaths. The Journal of
Psychology, 97, 71-77.
Wallerstein, J.S. (1984). Children of divorce: Preliminary report of a ten year
follow-up of children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 54,
444-458.
Wallerstein, J.S. & Kelly, J.B. (1 980). California's children of divorce. Psychology
Today, 13, 67-76.
Weiss, R.S. (1979). Growing up a little faster: The experience of growing up in
single-parent household. Journal of Social Work, 35, 97-111.
Westman, J.С (1983). The impact of divorce on teenagers. Clinical Pediatrics,
22, 692-697.
Zeanah, P.D. (1983). Children of divorce. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric
Nurse, 6, 91-106.
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Publicado
2012-07-12
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Alexina Ribeiro, M. (2012). O Autoconceito De Adolescentes Segundo O Sexo E A Estrutura Familiar. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 4(2), 85–95. Recuperado a partir de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17037
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