Attention and Inhibitory Behavior in Children of 6 to 8 Year-olds
Keywords:
Attention, Inhibitory response, Cognitive development, Go/no-go taskAbstract
Considerable evidence suggests that attention and inhibitory behavior show differences along specific developmental stages. The present study aimed to evaluate the attention and inhibitory control of 130 children, aged six to eight years, in a go/no-go task adapted for this age group. The results suggest that 6-year-old children had significantly higher reaction times and made more errors when compared to 8-year-old children. These findings corroborate studies that indicate important differences in information processing in the age group studied, especially with regard to the attentional control capacity, related to inattentive behaviors when a goal is proposed, and the inhibitory control capacity, related to impulse response behaviors.
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References
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Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the
Go/NoGo task. British Journal Developmental Psychology,
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the Go/NoGo Task: A behavioral and event-related potential
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E. T., Sharma, T., . . . & Taylor, E. (2001). Mapping Motor
Inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different
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Rubia, K., Taylor, E., Smith, A. B., Oksannen, H., Overmeyer,
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impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity. The British Journal
of Psychiatry, 179, 138-143.
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Woolley, J., Nosarti, C., Heyman, I.,
Taylor, E., & Brammer, M. J. (2006). Progressive increase
of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood
during event-related tasks of cognitive control. Human Brain
Mapping, 27, 973”“993.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime
(Version 2.0) [Computer software and manual]. Pittsburgh,
PA: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Tsujimoto, S., Kuwajima, M., & Sawaguchi, T. (2007).
Developmental fractionation of working memory and response
inhibition during childhood. Experimental Psychology, 54(1),
30-37.
Van der Molen, M. W. (2000). Developmental changes in inhibitory
processing: Evidence from psychophysiological measures.
Biological Psychology, 54, 207-239.
Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2008). Automatic and controlled
response inhibition: Associative learning in the Go/No-Go and
Stop-Signal Paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 137(4), 649”“672.
executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.
Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
Barkley, R. A., Anastopoulos, A. D., Robin, A. L., Lovett, B. J.,
Smith, B. H., Cunningham, C. E., Shapiro, C. J., . . . Hathway,
W. (2008). Transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade:
manual para diagnostico e tratamento (3º ed.). Porto Alegre:
Artmed
Bartgis, J., Lilly, A., & Thomas, D. C. (2003). Event-related
potential and behavioral measures of attention of 5, 7, and 9
years-old. Journal of General Psychology, 130(3), 311-335.
Bartgis, J., Thomas, D. G., Lefler, E. K., & Hartung, C. M. (2008).
The development of attention and response inhibition in early
childhood. Infant and Child Development, 17, 491-502.
Bezdjian, S., Baker, L. A., Lozano, D. I., & Raine, A. (2009).
Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the
Go/NoGo task. British Journal Developmental Psychology,
27(2), 365-383.
Conners, C. K. (2002). Conners’ continuous performance test for
Windows [Computer software]. Toronto: Multi-Health.
Cragg, L., & Nation, K. (2008). Go or no-go? Developmental
improvements in the efficiency of response inhibition in midchildhood.
Developmental Science, 11(6), 819-827.
Davis, E. P., Bruce, J., Snyder, K., & Nelson, C. A. (2003). The
X-trials: Neural correlates of inhibitory control task in children
and adults. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 432-443.
Epstein, J. T., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello,
J. E., & Angold, A. (2003). Relations between continuous
performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviors.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 543-554.
Hamdan, A. C., & Pereira, A. P. A. (2009). Avaliação neuropsicológica
das funções executivas: considerações metodológicas.
Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 22(3), 386-393.
Jaeger, A. (2013). Inhibitory control and the adolescent brain: a
review of MRI research. Psychology & Neuroscience, 6(1),
23-30.
Johnstone, S. J., Pleffer, C. B., Barry, R. J., Clarke, A. R., & Smith,
J. L. (2005). Development of inhibitory processing during
the Go/NoGo Task: A behavioral and event-related potential
study of children and adults. Journal of Psychophysiology,
19(1), 11-23.
Klein, R. M. (2000). Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive
Sciences, 4(4), 138-146.
Korkman, M., Kemp, S. L., & Kirk, U. (2001). Effects of age on
neurocognitive measures of children ages 5 to 12: A crosssectional
study on 800 children from the United States.
Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(1), 331-354.
Logan, G. D., & Cowan, W. B. (1984). On the ability to inhibit
thought and action: A theory of an act of control. Psychological
Review, 91(3), 295-327.
Logan, G. D. (1994). On the ability to inhibit thought and action ”“ A
user’s guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach, &
T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory,
and language (pp. 189-239). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Miranda, M. C., Sinnes, E. G., Pompeia, S., & Bueno, O. F. A.
(2009). O K-CPT em uma amostra brasileira: Descrição do
desempenho e comparação com as normas norte-americanas.
Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 31(1), 60-66.
Newman, J. P., Widom, C. S., & Nathan, S. (1985). Passive
avoidance in syndromes of disinhibition: Psychopathy and
extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
48(5), 1316-1327.
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental
psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality
psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological
Bulletin, 126(2), 220-246.
Riccio, C. A. Reynolds, C. R., & Lowe, P. A. (2001). Clinical
applications of continuous performance tests: Measuring
attention and impulsive responding in children and adults.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ridderinkhof, K. R., & van der Molen, M. W. (1995). A
psychophysiological analysis of developmental differences
in the ability to resist interference. Child Development, 66(4),
1040-1056.
Roberts, R. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). An interactive framework
for examining prefrontal cognitive processes. Developmental
Neuropsychology, 12(1), 105-126.
Rubia, K., Russell, T., Overmeyer, S., Brammer, M. J., Bullmore,
E. T., Sharma, T., . . . & Taylor, E. (2001). Mapping Motor
Inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different
versions of Go/No-Go and Stop Tasks. NeuroImage, 13,
250-261.
Rubia, K., Taylor, E., Smith, A. B., Oksannen, H., Overmeyer,
S., & Newman S. (2001). Neuropsychological analyses of
impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity. The British Journal
of Psychiatry, 179, 138-143.
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Woolley, J., Nosarti, C., Heyman, I.,
Taylor, E., & Brammer, M. J. (2006). Progressive increase
of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood
during event-related tasks of cognitive control. Human Brain
Mapping, 27, 973”“993.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime
(Version 2.0) [Computer software and manual]. Pittsburgh,
PA: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Tsujimoto, S., Kuwajima, M., & Sawaguchi, T. (2007).
Developmental fractionation of working memory and response
inhibition during childhood. Experimental Psychology, 54(1),
30-37.
Van der Molen, M. W. (2000). Developmental changes in inhibitory
processing: Evidence from psychophysiological measures.
Biological Psychology, 54, 207-239.
Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2008). Automatic and controlled
response inhibition: Associative learning in the Go/No-Go and
Stop-Signal Paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 137(4), 649”“672.
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Published
2015-03-04
How to Cite
Lemes, P., & Rossini, J. C. (2015). Attention and Inhibitory Behavior in Children of 6 to 8 Year-olds. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 30(4), 385–391. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18570
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Section
Estudos Empíricos
