Identifying Verbal Operants in Reading by Means of Eye Movement Analysis
Keywords:
Eye movements, Textual behavior, Intraverbal behavior, Reading, HumansAbstract
Eye-movements produce discriminative stimuli for reading. The objective of the present study was to analyze the eye movements of two participants during anagram reading and to identify the verbal behavior involved in it. The task consisted of vocalizing a word composed of five letters. In Phase 1, the letters formed only one possible word when observed in a specific spatial sequence. In Phase 2, the letters formed two or more words via different sequences. In Phase 2, despite the fact that multiple words could be read, the vocalized ones were those formed by the same sequence reinforced in the previous phase. Based on the eye movements, vocalizations were analyzed using the concepts of textual, self-correction and intraverbal behavior.
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References
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Schroeder, S. R. (1969a). Effects of cue factors on selective eye movements and choices during successive discriminations. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 29, 991-998.
Schroeder, S. R. (1969b). Fixation and choice selectivity during discrimination transfer. Psychonomic Science, 17, 324-325.
Schroeder, S. R. (1970). Selective eye movements to simultaneously presented stimuli during discrimination. Perception & Psychophysics, 7, 121-124.
Schroeder, S. R. (1997). Selective eye fixations during transfer of discriminative stimulus control. Em D. M. Baer & E. M. Pinkston (Eds.), Environment and Behavior (pp. 97-110). Boulder, CO: Westview.
Schroeder, S. R., & Holland, J, G. (1968a). Operant control of eye movements. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 161-166.
Schroeder, S. R., & Holland, J, G. (1968b). Operant control of eye movements during human vigilance. Science, 161, 292-293.
Schwartz, S. H. (2004). Visual Perception ”“ a clinical orientation. New York: McGraw Hill.
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Catania, C., & Shimoff, E. (1998). The experimental analysis of verbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 15, 97-100.
de Rose, J. C. C. (2005). Análise comportamental da aprendizagem de leitura e escrita. Revista Brasileira de Análise do Comportamento, 1, 1-32.
de Rose, J. C., de Souza, D. G., & Hanna, E. S. (1996). Teaching reading and spelling: Exclusion and stimulus equivalence. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29, 451-469.
de Souza, D. G., de Rose, J. C., Faleiros, T. C., Bortoloti, R., Hanna, E. S., & McIlvane, W. J. (2009). Teaching generative reading via recombination of minimal textual units: A legacy of verbal behavior to children in Brazil. Revista Internacional de Psicología y Terapia Psicológica, 9, 19-44.
Dube, W. V., Lombard, K. M., Farren, K. M., Flusser, D. S., Balsamo, L. M., & Fowler, T. R. (1999). Eye tracking assessment of stimulus overselectivity in individuals with mental retardation. Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior bulletin, 17, 8-14.
Dube, W. V., Lombard, K. M., Farren, K. M., Flusser, D. S., Balsamo, L. M., Fowler, T. R., & Tomanari, G. Y. (2003). Stimulus overselectivity and observing behavior in individuals with mental retardation. Em S. Soraci Jr. & K. Murata-Soraci (Eds.), Visual information processing (pp. 109-123). London: Proeger.
Endemann, P. (2008). Resposta de observação e movimento dos olhos em uma situação de discriminação simples simultânea. Dissertação de Mestrado, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Disponível em: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-01122009-103022/en.php
Gompel, R. P. G. V., Fischer, M. H., Murray, W. S., & Hill, R. L. (2007). Eye movements: A window on mind and brain. Amsterdam: Elsevier
Hübner, M. C., Gomes, R. C., & McIlvane, W. J. (2009). Recombinative generalization in minimal verbal unit-based reading instruction for pre-reading children. Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior Bulletin, 27, 11-17.
Kaplan, I., & Schoelfeld, W. N. (1966). Oculomotor paterns during the solution of visually displayed anagrams. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72, 447-451.
Magnusson, A. (2002). Topography of eye movements under select and reject control. Dissertação de mestrado não publicada. Boston: Northeastern University.
Marcon-Dawson, A., Vicars, S. N., & Miguel, C. F. (2009). Publication trends in The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: 1999-2008. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 25, 123-132.
Matos, M. A. (1991). As categorias formais de comportamento verbal em Skinner. Anais da XXI Reunião Anual da Sociedade de Psicologia de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, 333-341.
Norman, M. P., Fossa, J. F., & Poling, A. (2000). Publication trends in The Analysis of Verbal Behavior: 1982-1998. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 17, 167-173.
Passos, M. L. R. F. (2003). A análise funcional do comportamento verbal em Verbal Behavior (1957) de B. F. Skinner. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva, 5, 195-213.
Passos, M. L. R. F (2007). Skinner’s definition of verbal behavior and the arbitrariness of the linguistic signal. Temas em Psicologia, 15, 161-172.
Pessôa, C., Huziwara, E., Perez, W. F., Endemann, P., & Tomanari, G. Y. (2009). Eye fixations to figures in a four-choice situation with luminance balanced areas: Evaluating practice effects. Journal of Eye Movements Research, 2, 1-6. Acessado em 08 de julho de 2010, em http://www.jemr.org/online/2/5/3
Perez, W. F. (2008). Movimentos dos olhos e topografias de controle de estímulo em treinos de discriminação condicional e testes de equivalência. Dissertação de Mestrado, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Repp, A. C., Deitz, D. E. D., Boles, S. M., Deitz, S. M., & Repp, C. F. (1976). Differences among common methods for calculating interobserver agreement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9, 109-113.
Schroeder, S. R. (1969a). Effects of cue factors on selective eye movements and choices during successive discriminations. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 29, 991-998.
Schroeder, S. R. (1969b). Fixation and choice selectivity during discrimination transfer. Psychonomic Science, 17, 324-325.
Schroeder, S. R. (1970). Selective eye movements to simultaneously presented stimuli during discrimination. Perception & Psychophysics, 7, 121-124.
Schroeder, S. R. (1997). Selective eye fixations during transfer of discriminative stimulus control. Em D. M. Baer & E. M. Pinkston (Eds.), Environment and Behavior (pp. 97-110). Boulder, CO: Westview.
Schroeder, S. R., & Holland, J, G. (1968a). Operant control of eye movements. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 161-166.
Schroeder, S. R., & Holland, J, G. (1968b). Operant control of eye movements during human vigilance. Science, 161, 292-293.
Schwartz, S. H. (2004). Visual Perception ”“ a clinical orientation. New York: McGraw Hill.
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
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Published
2011-07-13
How to Cite
Endemann, P., Candido, P. V. B. B., William, P. F., & Tomanari, G. Y. (2011). Identifying Verbal Operants in Reading by Means of Eye Movement Analysis. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 27(2), 139–148. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17517
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Estudos Empíricos
