Performance in Independent Cumulative Concurrent Variable - Interval Schedules
Keywords:
Choice, Independent and cumulative concurrent schedules, Absolute reinforcer frequency, Generalized matching law, PigeonsAbstract
Four pigeons served in an experiment in which concurrent variable interval, variable interval schedules programmed
rcinforcers independently of the subjects' behavior. Once a reinforcer was set up, timing for the next reinforcer began,
regardless of the last reinforcer being delivered or not. Scheduled relative reinforcer frequency was kept constant while scheduled
reinforcer frequency was manipulated (from 2 to 30 reinf/ min) in five experimental conditions. There was no scheduled
constraint for changeovers. Response distribution was close to reinforcer distribution for all four pigeons in all experimental
conditions. No systematic effect of absolute reinforcer frequency on the relationship between response and reinforcer distributions
was observed. The data do not support claims that the generalized matching equation should be replaced by an equation
that includes absolute reinforcer frequency as a variable.
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References
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Effects of absolute and relative terminal-link entry frequency.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 351 -362.
Alsop, B. & Elliffe, D. (1988). Concurrent-schedule performance:
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scheduling. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
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Analysis of Behavior, 4, 267 - 272.
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da situação de escolha. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade
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schedules: Some effects on relative performance measures.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10, 317-327.
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Analysis of Behavior, 16, 51-62.
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Psicologia.
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absoluta de reforços em situação de escolha: Um teste
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Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 9 (1), 227-242.
Todorov, J.C, Oliveira-Castro, J.M., Hanna, E.S., Sá, M.C.N.B. &
Barreto, M.Q. (1983). Choice, experience, and the generalized
matching law. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
40,90- 111.
Todorov, J.C, Santaella, L.E.A. & Sanguinetti, O.F. (1982). Concurrent
procedures, changeover, delays and the choice behavior
of rats. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 5, 133 - 147.
Todorov, J.C, Souza, D.G. & Bori, CM. (1993). Momentary maximizing
in concurrent schedules with a minimum interchangeover
interval. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
60, 415-435.
Tolman, E.C. (1938). The determiners of behavior at a choice point.
Psychological Review, 45, 1-41.
Williams, B.A. (1988). Reinforcement, choice, and response
strength. Em R.C Atkinson, R.J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R.
D. Luce (Orgs.), Stevens'handbook of experimental psychology.
Second edition. Vol. 2: Learning and cognition (pp. 167 -
244). New York: Wiley.
Effects of absolute and relative terminal-link entry frequency.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 351 -362.
Alsop, B. & Elliffe, D. (1988). Concurrent-schedule performance:
Effects of relative and overall rcinforcer rate. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49,21 - 36.
Baum, W.M. (1974). On two types of deviation from the matching
law: Bias and undermatching. Journal of the Experimental Analysis
of Behavior, 22,231 - 242.
Baum, W.M. (1979). Matching, undermatching, and overmatching
in studies of choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 52,269-281.
Catania, A.C. (Comunicação pessoal, 1990).
Davison, M. & McCarthy, D. (1988). The matching law - A research
review. Hilldsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Dunn, R. (1990). Timeout from concurrent schedules. Journal of
the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53,163 - 174.
Findley, J.D. (1958). Preference and switching under concurrent
scheduling. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
1, 123 - 144.
Hanna, E.S., Blackman, D.E., & Todorov, J.C. (1992). Stimulus
effects on concurrent performance in transition. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 58, 335 - 347.
Herrnstein, R.J. (1961). Relative and absolute strength of response
as a function of frequency of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 4, 267 - 272.
Herrnstein, R.J. (1970). On the law of effect. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 13, 243 - 266.
Hull, C.L. (1943). Principles of behavior. New York: Appleton-
Century-Crofts.
Logue, A.W. & Chavarro, A. (1987). Effect on choice of absolute
and relative values of reinforcer delay, amount, and frequency.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes,
73,280-291.
Nalini, L.E.G. (1991). Esquemas concorrentes: Uma análise comparativa
do desempenho em dois procedimentos de programação
da situação de escolha. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade
de Brasília, Brasília.
Shull, R.L. & Pliskoff, S.S. (1967). Changeover delay and concurrent
schedules: Some effects on relative performance measures.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10, 317-327.
Skinner, B.F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological
Review, 57, 193-216.
Todorov, J.C. (1971). Concurrent performances: Effect of punishment
contingent on the switching response. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 16, 51-62.
Todorov, J.C. (1982). Matching and bias on concurrent performances:
Effect of symmetrical changeover delays. Mexican
Journal of Behavior Analysis, 8, 39-45.
Todorov, J.C. (1991a). Trinta anos de matching law: Evolução na
quantificação da lei do efeito. Anais da XXI Reunião Anual de
Psicologia (pp. 300-314). Ribeirão Preto, Sociedade de Psicologia
de Ribeirão Preto.
Todorov, J.C. (1991b). O pressuposto da relatividade na lei generalizada
de igualação. Trabalho apresentado na XXI Reunião
Anual de Psicologia. Ribeirão Preto: Sociedade de Psicologia
de Ribeirão Preto.
Todorov, J.C. (1992). Esquemas concorrentes dependentes (escolha
forçada): Efeito da freqüência absoluta de reforços. Trabalho
apresentado na XXII Reunião Anual de Psicologia, Ribeirão
Preto, Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia.
Todorov, J.C. Coelho, С & Beckert, M.E. (1992). Efeitos da duração
do atraso de reforço para respostas de mudança em esquemas
concorrentes. Trabalho apresentado na XXII Reunião
Anual de Psicologia. Ribeirão Preto. Sociedade Brasileira de
Psicologia.
Todorov, J.C, Coelho, С & Beckert, M.E. (1993). Efeito da freqüência
absoluta de reforços em situação de escolha: Um teste
do pressuposto da relatividade da lei generalizada de igualação.
Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 9 (1), 227-242.
Todorov, J.C, Oliveira-Castro, J.M., Hanna, E.S., Sá, M.C.N.B. &
Barreto, M.Q. (1983). Choice, experience, and the generalized
matching law. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
40,90- 111.
Todorov, J.C, Santaella, L.E.A. & Sanguinetti, O.F. (1982). Concurrent
procedures, changeover, delays and the choice behavior
of rats. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 5, 133 - 147.
Todorov, J.C, Souza, D.G. & Bori, CM. (1993). Momentary maximizing
in concurrent schedules with a minimum interchangeover
interval. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
60, 415-435.
Tolman, E.C. (1938). The determiners of behavior at a choice point.
Psychological Review, 45, 1-41.
Williams, B.A. (1988). Reinforcement, choice, and response
strength. Em R.C Atkinson, R.J. Herrnstein, G. Lindzey, & R.
D. Luce (Orgs.), Stevens'handbook of experimental psychology.
Second edition. Vol. 2: Learning and cognition (pp. 167 -
244). New York: Wiley.
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Published
2012-09-17
How to Cite
Todorov, J. C., Coelho, C., & Emílio Beckert, M. (2012). Performance in Independent Cumulative Concurrent Variable - Interval Schedules. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 14(1), 013–017. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17303
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