TRANSFER OF DISCRIMINATIVE FUNCTIONS IN CLASSES OF EQUIVALENT STIMULI
Keywords:
Stimulus equivalence, Transfer of functions, Functional equivalence, Matching to sample, ChildrenAbstract
The relationship between stimulus equivalence and
functional equivalence (documented by transfer of
discriminative functions) was investigated in four normal children through a simple
simultaneous discrimination with visual stimuli A1 (S+) and A2 (S-),
followed by matching to sample tasks, in which A1, A2 and a novel
stimulus A3, were related to comparisons B1 /B2/B3, respectively, and the
latter were used as nodal stimuli, related to comparisons C1/C2/C3, and to
samples D1/D2/D3, respectively. Probes were then conducted to verify
stimulus equivalence, and transfer of discriminative functions to B1/B2,
C1/C2, and D1/D2. Two subjects exhibited stimulus equivalence and
transfer of functions, and a third subject exhibited transfer of functions but
not stimulus equivalence. A fourth subject showed neither transfer of
functions nor stimulus equivalence. The results are consistent with the
interpretation that stimulus equivalence and functional equivalence are
different behavioral processes, and stimulus equivalence implies transfer
of functions but not the reverse.
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References
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Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 44, 245-270.
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Emergent simple discriminations established by indirect relation to differential
consequences. Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 1-20.
De Rose, J. C, & Ribeiro, I. G. (1991). Transfer of discriminative functions in classes
of equivalent stimuli. Trabalho apresentado na XVII Reunião Anual da Association
for Behavior Analysis, Atlanta, EUA.
Devany, J. M., Hayes, S. C. & Nelson, R. O. (1986). Equivalence-class formation in
language-able and language-disabled children. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 46, 243-257.
Donahoe. J. W.. & Palmer, D. C. (1989). The mterpretation of complex human
behavior: Some reactions to Parallel Distributed Processing, edited by J. L.
McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart, and the PDP research group. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 399-416.
Dube, W. V.. Mcllvane, W. J., Mackay, H., & Stoddard, L. T. (1987). Stimulus-class
membership established via stimulus-reinforcer relations. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 47, 159-175.
Dube, W. V., Mcllvane. W. J.. Maguire. R. W., Mackay, H., & Stoddard. L. T. (1989).
Stimulus class formation and stimulus - reinforcer relations. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 65-76.
Fields, L., & Verhave, T, (1987). The structure of equivalence classes. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 312-317.
Gatch, M. B., & Osborne, J. G. (1989). Transfer of contextual stimulus function via
equivalence class development. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
51, 369-378.
Goldiamond, I. (1962). Perception, language and conceptualization rules. Em B.
Kleinmutz (Org.). Problem solving (pp. 183-224). New York: Wiley.
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equivalence relations. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 95, 260-270.
Lazar. R. (1977). Extending sequence-class membership with matching to sample.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 27, 381-392.
Lazar, R, Davis-Lang, D., & Sanchez, L. (1984). The formation of visual stimulus
equivalences in children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41,
251-266.
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equivalences in children. Behavioral Processes, 13, 205-215.
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the mentally retarded. (pp. 493-513). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
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equivalence probe performances. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
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New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
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Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52, 1 -12.
Saunders, R. R.,Saunders, K.J., Kirby, K.C., & Spradin, J.E. (1988). The merger and
development of equivalence classes by unreinforced conditional selection of
comparison stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50,
145-162.
Saunders, R. R., Wachter, J., & Spradlin, J. E. (1988). Establishing auditory stimulus
control over an eight-member equivalende class via conditional discrimination
procedures. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 95-115.
Sidman, M. (1969). Generalization gradients and stimulus control in delayed
matching-to-sample. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12,
745-757.
Sidman, M. (1971). Reading and auditory-visual equivalences. Journal of Speech and
Hearing Research, 14, 5-13.
Sidman, M. (1986). Functional analysis of emergent verbal classes. Em T. Thompson, &
M. D. Zeiler (Orgs.): Analysis and integration of behavioral units (pp. 213-245).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sidman, M. (1987). Two choices are notenough. Behavior analysis. 22{\), 11-18.
Sidman, M. & Cresson, O. (1973). Reading and crossmodal transfer of stimulus
equivalences in severe retardation. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 77,
515-523.
Sidman, M., Kirk, B., & Wilson-Morris, M. (1985). Six-member stimulus classes
generated by conditional-discrimination procedures. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 43, 21-42.
Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: An
expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 37, 5-22.
Sidman, M. Wilson. Morris. M., & Kirk, B. (1986). Matching-to-sample procedures and
the development of equivalence relations: The role of naming. Analysis and
Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 6, 1-19.
Sidman, M. Wynne, C. K., Maguire, R. W., & Barnes, T. (1989). Functional classes and
equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52,
261-274.
Sigurdardottir, 2. G., Green, G., & Saunders, R. (1990). Equivalence classes
generated by sequence training. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
53, 47-63.
Silverman, K., Anderson. S. R., Marshall, A. M., & Baer, D. M. (1986). Establishing
and generalizing audience control of new language repertoires. Analysis and
Intervention on Developmental Disabilities, 6, 21 -40.
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. New York: Prentice Hall.
Spradlin, J. E., & Saunders, R. R. (1986). The development of stimulus classes using
match-to-sample procedures. Sample classification versus comparison
classification. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 6, 41-58.
Stoddard. L. t., De Rose, J. C, & Mcllvane, W. J. (1986). Observações curiosas
acerca do desempenho deficiente após a ocorrência de erros. Psicologia, 12(1),
1-18.
Wulfert, E., & Hayes, S. C. (1988). Transfer of a conditional ordering response through
conditional equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 50, 125-144.
response relations as measured in tests of stimulus generalization. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 44, 245-270.
Bush, K. M., Sidman, M., & De Rose, T. (1989). Contextual control of stimulus
classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 29-45.
De Rose, J. C, Mcllvane, W. J., Dube, W. V., & Stoddard, L. T. (1988a). Stimulus
class formation and functional equivalence in moderately retarded individuais'
conditional discrimination. Behavioural Processes, 17, 167-175.
De Rose. J. C, Mcllvane, W. J., Dube, W. V„ Galpin, V. X., & Stoddard, L. T. (1988b).
Emergent simple discriminations established by indirect relation to differential
consequences. Journal ofthe Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 1-20.
De Rose, J. C, & Ribeiro, I. G. (1991). Transfer of discriminative functions in classes
of equivalent stimuli. Trabalho apresentado na XVII Reunião Anual da Association
for Behavior Analysis, Atlanta, EUA.
Devany, J. M., Hayes, S. C. & Nelson, R. O. (1986). Equivalence-class formation in
language-able and language-disabled children. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 46, 243-257.
Donahoe. J. W.. & Palmer, D. C. (1989). The mterpretation of complex human
behavior: Some reactions to Parallel Distributed Processing, edited by J. L.
McClelland, D. E. Rumelhart, and the PDP research group. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 399-416.
Dube, W. V.. Mcllvane, W. J., Mackay, H., & Stoddard, L. T. (1987). Stimulus-class
membership established via stimulus-reinforcer relations. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 47, 159-175.
Dube, W. V., Mcllvane. W. J.. Maguire. R. W., Mackay, H., & Stoddard. L. T. (1989).
Stimulus class formation and stimulus - reinforcer relations. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 65-76.
Fields, L., & Verhave, T, (1987). The structure of equivalence classes. Journal of the
Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 48, 312-317.
Gatch, M. B., & Osborne, J. G. (1989). Transfer of contextual stimulus function via
equivalence class development. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
51, 369-378.
Goldiamond, I. (1962). Perception, language and conceptualization rules. Em B.
Kleinmutz (Org.). Problem solving (pp. 183-224). New York: Wiley.
Green, G. (1990). Differences in development of visual and auditory-visual
equivalence relations. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 95, 260-270.
Lazar. R. (1977). Extending sequence-class membership with matching to sample.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 27, 381-392.
Lazar, R, Davis-Lang, D., & Sanchez, L. (1984). The formation of visual stimulus
equivalences in children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 41,
251-266.
Lazar, R., & Kotlarchyk. B. (1986). Second-order control of sequence-class
equivalences in children. Behavioral Processes, 13, 205-215.
Mackay, H., & Sidman, M. (1984). Teaching new behavior via equivalence relations.
Em P.H. Brooks, R. Sperber, & C. McCauley (Orgs.). Learning and cognition in
the mentally retarded. (pp. 493-513). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pilgrim, C., & Galizio, M. (1990). Relations between baseline contingencies and
equivalence probe performances. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 54, 213-224.
Ray, B. A., & Sidman, M. (1970). Reinforcement schedules and stimulus control. Em
W. N. Schoenfeld (Org.), The theory of reinforcement schedules (pp. 187-214).
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Saunders, K. J., & Spradlin, J. E. (1989). Conditional discrimination in mentally
retarded adults. The effect of training the component simple discriminations.
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52, 1 -12.
Saunders, R. R.,Saunders, K.J., Kirby, K.C., & Spradin, J.E. (1988). The merger and
development of equivalence classes by unreinforced conditional selection of
comparison stimuli. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50,
145-162.
Saunders, R. R., Wachter, J., & Spradlin, J. E. (1988). Establishing auditory stimulus
control over an eight-member equivalende class via conditional discrimination
procedures. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49, 95-115.
Sidman, M. (1969). Generalization gradients and stimulus control in delayed
matching-to-sample. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12,
745-757.
Sidman, M. (1971). Reading and auditory-visual equivalences. Journal of Speech and
Hearing Research, 14, 5-13.
Sidman, M. (1986). Functional analysis of emergent verbal classes. Em T. Thompson, &
M. D. Zeiler (Orgs.): Analysis and integration of behavioral units (pp. 213-245).
Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Sidman, M. (1987). Two choices are notenough. Behavior analysis. 22{\), 11-18.
Sidman, M. & Cresson, O. (1973). Reading and crossmodal transfer of stimulus
equivalences in severe retardation. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 77,
515-523.
Sidman, M., Kirk, B., & Wilson-Morris, M. (1985). Six-member stimulus classes
generated by conditional-discrimination procedures. Journal of the Experimental
Analysis of Behavior, 43, 21-42.
Sidman, M., & Tailby, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: An
expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 37, 5-22.
Sidman, M. Wilson. Morris. M., & Kirk, B. (1986). Matching-to-sample procedures and
the development of equivalence relations: The role of naming. Analysis and
Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 6, 1-19.
Sidman, M. Wynne, C. K., Maguire, R. W., & Barnes, T. (1989). Functional classes and
equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52,
261-274.
Sigurdardottir, 2. G., Green, G., & Saunders, R. (1990). Equivalence classes
generated by sequence training. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
53, 47-63.
Silverman, K., Anderson. S. R., Marshall, A. M., & Baer, D. M. (1986). Establishing
and generalizing audience control of new language repertoires. Analysis and
Intervention on Developmental Disabilities, 6, 21 -40.
Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. New York: Prentice Hall.
Spradlin, J. E., & Saunders, R. R. (1986). The development of stimulus classes using
match-to-sample procedures. Sample classification versus comparison
classification. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 6, 41-58.
Stoddard. L. t., De Rose, J. C, & Mcllvane, W. J. (1986). Observações curiosas
acerca do desempenho deficiente após a ocorrência de erros. Psicologia, 12(1),
1-18.
Wulfert, E., & Hayes, S. C. (1988). Transfer of a conditional ordering response through
conditional equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of
Behavior, 50, 125-144.
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Published
2012-08-21
How to Cite
de Rose, J. C., Garotti, M. F., & Ribeiro, lane G. (2012). TRANSFER OF DISCRIMINATIVE FUNCTIONS IN CLASSES OF EQUIVALENT STIMULI. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 8(1), 43–65. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17123
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