THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS, TYPE A BEHAVIOR AND IRRATIONAL BELIEVES
Abstract
The present study evaluated the relationship between
stress and two internal sources of stress: Type A behavior pattern
(Friedman and Rosenman, 1974) and irrational believes (Ellis, 1973). One
hundred patients who had seeked stress management training at the
CPCS were analysed in terms of their stress level, the number and type
of irrational believes endorsed and the presence or absence of Type A behaviors. It was found that 73% of the patients were classified as Type
A, against 27% Type B. Patients who exibited Type A behavior pattern
had a greater number of irrational believes. The belief most often held was
that "one should always be competent, inteligent and deserving of all
respect". Sex had no significant difference in all comparisons and most
patients were found to be at the resistance phase of stress. The data
obtained was interpreted in favor of the hipothesis that there is a
correlation between stress, Type A behavior pattern and irrational
believes.
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References
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acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 737-742.
De Longis, A., Folkan, S., Greun, R., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). Stress and adaptational
outcomes: The problem of confounded measures. American Psychologist, 40 (7),
770-779.
Dembroski, T. (1985). Components of Type A, hostility and anger-in: Relationship to
angiographic findings. Psychosomatic Medicine, 47, 219-233.
Ellis, A. (1973). Humanistic psychology: The rational-emotive approach. N. Y.: Julian.
Everly, G. S. Jr. (1990). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress
response. N. Y.: Plenum Press.
Farber, S. (1984). Genetic diversity and differing reactions to stress. Em L.
Goldberger, & S. Breznitz (Orgs.). Handbook of stress. N. Y.: Free Press. Pp.
123-133.
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior
pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 169, 1286-1296.
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1974). Type A behavior and your heart N. Y.: A
Fawcett Crest Book.
Friedman, M., Rosenman, R. H., Straus, R., Wurm, M., & Kositchek, R. (1968). The
relationship of behavior pattern A to state of coronary vasculature: A study of
fifty-one autopsy subjects. American Journal of Medicine, 44, 525-537.
Friedman, M., & Ulmer, D. (1984). Treating Type A behavior and your heart N. Y.:
Alfred A. Knopf.
Hatfield, M. (1990). Stress and the american worker. American Psychologist, 10,
1162-1164.
Haynes, S. G„ Feinleib, M., & Kannel, W. B. (1960). The relationship of psychosocial
factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 3, 37-58.
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. E. (1967). The Social Adjustment Rating scale. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
Horn, J. M., Plomirs, R., & Rosenman, R. (1976). Heretability of personality traits in
adult male twins. Behavior Genetics, 6, 17-20.
Keita, G. P., & Jones, J. M. (1990). Reducing adverse reaction to stress in the
workplace. American Psychologist, 45 (10), 1137-1141.
Kelly, K. R., & Stone, G. L. (1987). Effects of three psychological treatments and
self-monitoring on the reducing of Type A behavior. Journal of Counseling
Psychology, 34 (1), 46-54.
Kobasa, S. С. (1979). Stressful life events, personality and health: An inquiry into
hardiness. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
Krantz, D. S., Contrada, R. J., Hill, D. R., & Friedler, E. (1988). Enviromental stress
and biobehavioral antecedents of coronary heart disease. Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, 56 (3), 333-341.
Levi, L. (1990). Occupational stress: spice of life or kiss of death? American
Psychologist, 45(10), 1142-1145.
Lipp, M. N. (1985). Stress e suas implicações. Estudos de Psicologia, 3, 5-19.
Lipp, M. N., Romano, A. S., Covolan, N. A., & Nery, M. J. (1986). Como enfrentar o
stress. São Paulo: Icone Campinas: UNICAMP.
Lipp, M. N.. Nery, M. J., & Malagris (1988). Padrão de Comportamento Tipo A.
Estudos de Psicologia, 5(2), 52-63.
Matthews, К. Ð. (1978). Assessment and developmental antecedents of the coronary
prone behavior pattern in children. Em Т. М. Dembroski (Org.). Coronary Prone
Behavior. N. Y.: Springer.
Matthews, K. A., & Saal, F. E. (1978). The relationship of the Type A coronary prone
behavior pattern to achievement, power, and affiliation motives. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 40, 631-636.
McGuigan, F. J. (1989). Managing internal cognitive and external environmental
stresses through progressive relaxation. Em F. J. McGuigan, W. E. Sime, & M.
Wallace (Orgs.). Stress and tension control. N. Y.: Plenum Press. Pp. 3-12.
MRFIT Group (1982). Multiple risk factor intervention trial: Risk factor changes and
mortality results. Journal of American Medical Association, 248, 1465-1477.
National Institute of Health - NIH - Review Panel (1981). Coronary - prone behavior
and coronary heart disease: A critical review. Circulation, 63, 1200-1215.
Pincus, G., & Hoagland, H. (1943). Steroid excretion and the stress of flying. Journal
of the American Medical Association, 14, 173.
Rosenman, R. H., & Friedman, M. (1961). Association of specific behavior pattern in
women with blood and caradiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 24, 1173-1184.
Rosenman, R. H., Friedman, M., Straus, R., Wurn, M., Hanh, W., Kositchek, R., &
Werthessen, N. T. (1964). A predictive study of coronary heart disease: The
Western Collaborative Group Study. Journal of the American Medical Association,
189, 15-22.
Rosenman, R. H., & Chesney, M. A,. (1984). Stress, Type A behavior, and coronary
disease. Em L. Goldberger, & S. Breznitz. (Orgs.). Handbook of stress. N. Y.: The
Free Press. Pp. 547-565.
Rosenman, R. H., Brandy, R. J., Jenkins, С D., Friedman, M., Straus, R., & Wurm, M.
(1975). Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study: Final
follow-up 8 1 /2 years. Journal of the American Medical Association, 233, 872-877.
Rotman, F. (1984). A prevenção do infarto para nervosos. Rio de Janeiro: Record.
Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 138, 32.
Selye, H. (1956). The Stress of Life. Stress. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Selye, H. (1984). History and present status of the stress concept. Em L. Goldberger.
(Org.). Handbook of Stress. N. Y.: The Free Press. Pp. 7-17.
Spielberger, С. (1979). Understanding stress and anxiety. N. Y.: Harper and Row.
Suls, J. M., Bucher, A., & Mullem, B. (1981). Coronary prone behavior, social
insecured and stress among college-aged adults. Journal of Human Stress, 7,
27-34.
Williams, R. Ð’., Thomas, T. L, Lee, K. L., Kong, Y., Blumenthal, J. A., & Whalen, R. E.
(1980). Type A behavior, hostility, and coronary atherosclerosis. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 42, 539-549.
Wright, L. (1988). The Type A behavior pattern and coronary artery disease.
American Psychologist, 43 (1), 2-14.
acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine, 312, 737-742.
De Longis, A., Folkan, S., Greun, R., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). Stress and adaptational
outcomes: The problem of confounded measures. American Psychologist, 40 (7),
770-779.
Dembroski, T. (1985). Components of Type A, hostility and anger-in: Relationship to
angiographic findings. Psychosomatic Medicine, 47, 219-233.
Ellis, A. (1973). Humanistic psychology: The rational-emotive approach. N. Y.: Julian.
Everly, G. S. Jr. (1990). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress
response. N. Y.: Plenum Press.
Farber, S. (1984). Genetic diversity and differing reactions to stress. Em L.
Goldberger, & S. Breznitz (Orgs.). Handbook of stress. N. Y.: Free Press. Pp.
123-133.
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1959). Association of specific overt behavior
pattern with blood and cardiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 169, 1286-1296.
Friedman, M., & Rosenman, R. H. (1974). Type A behavior and your heart N. Y.: A
Fawcett Crest Book.
Friedman, M., Rosenman, R. H., Straus, R., Wurm, M., & Kositchek, R. (1968). The
relationship of behavior pattern A to state of coronary vasculature: A study of
fifty-one autopsy subjects. American Journal of Medicine, 44, 525-537.
Friedman, M., & Ulmer, D. (1984). Treating Type A behavior and your heart N. Y.:
Alfred A. Knopf.
Hatfield, M. (1990). Stress and the american worker. American Psychologist, 10,
1162-1164.
Haynes, S. G„ Feinleib, M., & Kannel, W. B. (1960). The relationship of psychosocial
factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. American Journal of
Epidemiology, 3, 37-58.
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. E. (1967). The Social Adjustment Rating scale. Journal of
Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.
Horn, J. M., Plomirs, R., & Rosenman, R. (1976). Heretability of personality traits in
adult male twins. Behavior Genetics, 6, 17-20.
Keita, G. P., & Jones, J. M. (1990). Reducing adverse reaction to stress in the
workplace. American Psychologist, 45 (10), 1137-1141.
Kelly, K. R., & Stone, G. L. (1987). Effects of three psychological treatments and
self-monitoring on the reducing of Type A behavior. Journal of Counseling
Psychology, 34 (1), 46-54.
Kobasa, S. С. (1979). Stressful life events, personality and health: An inquiry into
hardiness. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37, 1-11.
Krantz, D. S., Contrada, R. J., Hill, D. R., & Friedler, E. (1988). Enviromental stress
and biobehavioral antecedents of coronary heart disease. Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, 56 (3), 333-341.
Levi, L. (1990). Occupational stress: spice of life or kiss of death? American
Psychologist, 45(10), 1142-1145.
Lipp, M. N. (1985). Stress e suas implicações. Estudos de Psicologia, 3, 5-19.
Lipp, M. N., Romano, A. S., Covolan, N. A., & Nery, M. J. (1986). Como enfrentar o
stress. São Paulo: Icone Campinas: UNICAMP.
Lipp, M. N.. Nery, M. J., & Malagris (1988). Padrão de Comportamento Tipo A.
Estudos de Psicologia, 5(2), 52-63.
Matthews, К. Ð. (1978). Assessment and developmental antecedents of the coronary
prone behavior pattern in children. Em Т. М. Dembroski (Org.). Coronary Prone
Behavior. N. Y.: Springer.
Matthews, K. A., & Saal, F. E. (1978). The relationship of the Type A coronary prone
behavior pattern to achievement, power, and affiliation motives. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 40, 631-636.
McGuigan, F. J. (1989). Managing internal cognitive and external environmental
stresses through progressive relaxation. Em F. J. McGuigan, W. E. Sime, & M.
Wallace (Orgs.). Stress and tension control. N. Y.: Plenum Press. Pp. 3-12.
MRFIT Group (1982). Multiple risk factor intervention trial: Risk factor changes and
mortality results. Journal of American Medical Association, 248, 1465-1477.
National Institute of Health - NIH - Review Panel (1981). Coronary - prone behavior
and coronary heart disease: A critical review. Circulation, 63, 1200-1215.
Pincus, G., & Hoagland, H. (1943). Steroid excretion and the stress of flying. Journal
of the American Medical Association, 14, 173.
Rosenman, R. H., & Friedman, M. (1961). Association of specific behavior pattern in
women with blood and caradiovascular findings. Journal of the American Medical
Association, 24, 1173-1184.
Rosenman, R. H., Friedman, M., Straus, R., Wurn, M., Hanh, W., Kositchek, R., &
Werthessen, N. T. (1964). A predictive study of coronary heart disease: The
Western Collaborative Group Study. Journal of the American Medical Association,
189, 15-22.
Rosenman, R. H., & Chesney, M. A,. (1984). Stress, Type A behavior, and coronary
disease. Em L. Goldberger, & S. Breznitz. (Orgs.). Handbook of stress. N. Y.: The
Free Press. Pp. 547-565.
Rosenman, R. H., Brandy, R. J., Jenkins, С D., Friedman, M., Straus, R., & Wurm, M.
(1975). Coronary heart disease in the Western Collaborative Group Study: Final
follow-up 8 1 /2 years. Journal of the American Medical Association, 233, 872-877.
Rotman, F. (1984). A prevenção do infarto para nervosos. Rio de Janeiro: Record.
Selye, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature, 138, 32.
Selye, H. (1956). The Stress of Life. Stress. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Selye, H. (1984). History and present status of the stress concept. Em L. Goldberger.
(Org.). Handbook of Stress. N. Y.: The Free Press. Pp. 7-17.
Spielberger, С. (1979). Understanding stress and anxiety. N. Y.: Harper and Row.
Suls, J. M., Bucher, A., & Mullem, B. (1981). Coronary prone behavior, social
insecured and stress among college-aged adults. Journal of Human Stress, 7,
27-34.
Williams, R. Ð’., Thomas, T. L, Lee, K. L., Kong, Y., Blumenthal, J. A., & Whalen, R. E.
(1980). Type A behavior, hostility, and coronary atherosclerosis. Psychosomatic
Medicine, 42, 539-549.
Wright, L. (1988). The Type A behavior pattern and coronary artery disease.
American Psychologist, 43 (1), 2-14.
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Published
2012-08-16
How to Cite
Lipp, M. E. N., Nery, M. J. G. da S., Curcio, M. A. C., & Pereira, M. R. P. (2012). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS, TYPE A BEHAVIOR AND IRRATIONAL BELIEVES. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 6(3), 309–323. Retrieved from https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/17101
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