Atenção e Comportamento Inibitório em Crianças de 6 a 8 Anos
Palavras-chave:
Atenção, Resposta inibitória, Desenvolvimento cognitivo, Tarefa agir/não agirResumo
Muitas evidências sugerem que os processos atentivos apresentam diferenças ao longo do desenvolvimento. O presente estudo avaliou a capacidade atentiva e o controle inibitório de 130 crianças de seis a oito anos de idade em uma tarefa comportamental agir/não agir adaptada para esta faixa etária. Os resultados sugerem que as crianças de seis anos apresentaram tempos de resposta significativamente superiores e cometeram mais erros quando comparadas à s crianças de oito anos. Esses achados corroboram estudos que apontam diferenças importantes no processamento da informação nessa faixa etária, principalmente no que se refere à capacidade de controle atentivo, relacionada a comportamentos desatentos frente a um objetivo, e à capacidade de controle inibitório, relacionada a comportamentos impulsivos de resposta motora.
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Referências
Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and
executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.
Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
Barkley, R. A., Anastopoulos, A. D., Robin, A. L., Lovett, B. J.,
Smith, B. H., Cunningham, C. E., Shapiro, C. J., . . . Hathway,
W. (2008). Transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade:
manual para diagnostico e tratamento (3º ed.). Porto Alegre:
Artmed
Bartgis, J., Lilly, A., & Thomas, D. C. (2003). Event-related
potential and behavioral measures of attention of 5, 7, and 9
years-old. Journal of General Psychology, 130(3), 311-335.
Bartgis, J., Thomas, D. G., Lefler, E. K., & Hartung, C. M. (2008).
The development of attention and response inhibition in early
childhood. Infant and Child Development, 17, 491-502.
Bezdjian, S., Baker, L. A., Lozano, D. I., & Raine, A. (2009).
Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the
Go/NoGo task. British Journal Developmental Psychology,
27(2), 365-383.
Conners, C. K. (2002). Conners’ continuous performance test for
Windows [Computer software]. Toronto: Multi-Health.
Cragg, L., & Nation, K. (2008). Go or no-go? Developmental
improvements in the efficiency of response inhibition in midchildhood.
Developmental Science, 11(6), 819-827.
Davis, E. P., Bruce, J., Snyder, K., & Nelson, C. A. (2003). The
X-trials: Neural correlates of inhibitory control task in children
and adults. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 432-443.
Epstein, J. T., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello,
J. E., & Angold, A. (2003). Relations between continuous
performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviors.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 543-554.
Hamdan, A. C., & Pereira, A. P. A. (2009). Avaliação neuropsicológica
das funções executivas: considerações metodológicas.
Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 22(3), 386-393.
Jaeger, A. (2013). Inhibitory control and the adolescent brain: a
review of MRI research. Psychology & Neuroscience, 6(1),
23-30.
Johnstone, S. J., Pleffer, C. B., Barry, R. J., Clarke, A. R., & Smith,
J. L. (2005). Development of inhibitory processing during
the Go/NoGo Task: A behavioral and event-related potential
study of children and adults. Journal of Psychophysiology,
19(1), 11-23.
Klein, R. M. (2000). Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive
Sciences, 4(4), 138-146.
Korkman, M., Kemp, S. L., & Kirk, U. (2001). Effects of age on
neurocognitive measures of children ages 5 to 12: A crosssectional
study on 800 children from the United States.
Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(1), 331-354.
Logan, G. D., & Cowan, W. B. (1984). On the ability to inhibit
thought and action: A theory of an act of control. Psychological
Review, 91(3), 295-327.
Logan, G. D. (1994). On the ability to inhibit thought and action ”“ A
user’s guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach, &
T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory,
and language (pp. 189-239). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Miranda, M. C., Sinnes, E. G., Pompeia, S., & Bueno, O. F. A.
(2009). O K-CPT em uma amostra brasileira: Descrição do
desempenho e comparação com as normas norte-americanas.
Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 31(1), 60-66.
Newman, J. P., Widom, C. S., & Nathan, S. (1985). Passive
avoidance in syndromes of disinhibition: Psychopathy and
extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
48(5), 1316-1327.
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental
psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality
psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological
Bulletin, 126(2), 220-246.
Riccio, C. A. Reynolds, C. R., & Lowe, P. A. (2001). Clinical
applications of continuous performance tests: Measuring
attention and impulsive responding in children and adults.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ridderinkhof, K. R., & van der Molen, M. W. (1995). A
psychophysiological analysis of developmental differences
in the ability to resist interference. Child Development, 66(4),
1040-1056.
Roberts, R. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). An interactive framework
for examining prefrontal cognitive processes. Developmental
Neuropsychology, 12(1), 105-126.
Rubia, K., Russell, T., Overmeyer, S., Brammer, M. J., Bullmore,
E. T., Sharma, T., . . . & Taylor, E. (2001). Mapping Motor
Inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different
versions of Go/No-Go and Stop Tasks. NeuroImage, 13,
250-261.
Rubia, K., Taylor, E., Smith, A. B., Oksannen, H., Overmeyer,
S., & Newman S. (2001). Neuropsychological analyses of
impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity. The British Journal
of Psychiatry, 179, 138-143.
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Woolley, J., Nosarti, C., Heyman, I.,
Taylor, E., & Brammer, M. J. (2006). Progressive increase
of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood
during event-related tasks of cognitive control. Human Brain
Mapping, 27, 973”“993.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime
(Version 2.0) [Computer software and manual]. Pittsburgh,
PA: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Tsujimoto, S., Kuwajima, M., & Sawaguchi, T. (2007).
Developmental fractionation of working memory and response
inhibition during childhood. Experimental Psychology, 54(1),
30-37.
Van der Molen, M. W. (2000). Developmental changes in inhibitory
processing: Evidence from psychophysiological measures.
Biological Psychology, 54, 207-239.
Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2008). Automatic and controlled
response inhibition: Associative learning in the Go/No-Go and
Stop-Signal Paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 137(4), 649”“672.
executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.
Psychological Bulletin, 121, 65-94.
Barkley, R. A., Anastopoulos, A. D., Robin, A. L., Lovett, B. J.,
Smith, B. H., Cunningham, C. E., Shapiro, C. J., . . . Hathway,
W. (2008). Transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade:
manual para diagnostico e tratamento (3º ed.). Porto Alegre:
Artmed
Bartgis, J., Lilly, A., & Thomas, D. C. (2003). Event-related
potential and behavioral measures of attention of 5, 7, and 9
years-old. Journal of General Psychology, 130(3), 311-335.
Bartgis, J., Thomas, D. G., Lefler, E. K., & Hartung, C. M. (2008).
The development of attention and response inhibition in early
childhood. Infant and Child Development, 17, 491-502.
Bezdjian, S., Baker, L. A., Lozano, D. I., & Raine, A. (2009).
Assessing inattention and impulsivity in children during the
Go/NoGo task. British Journal Developmental Psychology,
27(2), 365-383.
Conners, C. K. (2002). Conners’ continuous performance test for
Windows [Computer software]. Toronto: Multi-Health.
Cragg, L., & Nation, K. (2008). Go or no-go? Developmental
improvements in the efficiency of response inhibition in midchildhood.
Developmental Science, 11(6), 819-827.
Davis, E. P., Bruce, J., Snyder, K., & Nelson, C. A. (2003). The
X-trials: Neural correlates of inhibitory control task in children
and adults. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 432-443.
Epstein, J. T., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello,
J. E., & Angold, A. (2003). Relations between continuous
performance test performance measures and ADHD behaviors.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(5), 543-554.
Hamdan, A. C., & Pereira, A. P. A. (2009). Avaliação neuropsicológica
das funções executivas: considerações metodológicas.
Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 22(3), 386-393.
Jaeger, A. (2013). Inhibitory control and the adolescent brain: a
review of MRI research. Psychology & Neuroscience, 6(1),
23-30.
Johnstone, S. J., Pleffer, C. B., Barry, R. J., Clarke, A. R., & Smith,
J. L. (2005). Development of inhibitory processing during
the Go/NoGo Task: A behavioral and event-related potential
study of children and adults. Journal of Psychophysiology,
19(1), 11-23.
Klein, R. M. (2000). Inhibition of return. Trends in Cognitive
Sciences, 4(4), 138-146.
Korkman, M., Kemp, S. L., & Kirk, U. (2001). Effects of age on
neurocognitive measures of children ages 5 to 12: A crosssectional
study on 800 children from the United States.
Developmental Neuropsychology, 20(1), 331-354.
Logan, G. D., & Cowan, W. B. (1984). On the ability to inhibit
thought and action: A theory of an act of control. Psychological
Review, 91(3), 295-327.
Logan, G. D. (1994). On the ability to inhibit thought and action ”“ A
user’s guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach, &
T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory,
and language (pp. 189-239). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Miranda, M. C., Sinnes, E. G., Pompeia, S., & Bueno, O. F. A.
(2009). O K-CPT em uma amostra brasileira: Descrição do
desempenho e comparação com as normas norte-americanas.
Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 31(1), 60-66.
Newman, J. P., Widom, C. S., & Nathan, S. (1985). Passive
avoidance in syndromes of disinhibition: Psychopathy and
extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
48(5), 1316-1327.
Nigg, J. T. (2000). On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental
psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality
psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy. Psychological
Bulletin, 126(2), 220-246.
Riccio, C. A. Reynolds, C. R., & Lowe, P. A. (2001). Clinical
applications of continuous performance tests: Measuring
attention and impulsive responding in children and adults.
New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ridderinkhof, K. R., & van der Molen, M. W. (1995). A
psychophysiological analysis of developmental differences
in the ability to resist interference. Child Development, 66(4),
1040-1056.
Roberts, R. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1996). An interactive framework
for examining prefrontal cognitive processes. Developmental
Neuropsychology, 12(1), 105-126.
Rubia, K., Russell, T., Overmeyer, S., Brammer, M. J., Bullmore,
E. T., Sharma, T., . . . & Taylor, E. (2001). Mapping Motor
Inhibition: Conjunctive brain activations across different
versions of Go/No-Go and Stop Tasks. NeuroImage, 13,
250-261.
Rubia, K., Taylor, E., Smith, A. B., Oksannen, H., Overmeyer,
S., & Newman S. (2001). Neuropsychological analyses of
impulsiveness in childhood hyperactivity. The British Journal
of Psychiatry, 179, 138-143.
Rubia, K., Smith, A. B., Woolley, J., Nosarti, C., Heyman, I.,
Taylor, E., & Brammer, M. J. (2006). Progressive increase
of frontostriatal brain activation from childhood to adulthood
during event-related tasks of cognitive control. Human Brain
Mapping, 27, 973”“993.
Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime
(Version 2.0) [Computer software and manual]. Pittsburgh,
PA: Psychology Software Tools Inc.
Tsujimoto, S., Kuwajima, M., & Sawaguchi, T. (2007).
Developmental fractionation of working memory and response
inhibition during childhood. Experimental Psychology, 54(1),
30-37.
Van der Molen, M. W. (2000). Developmental changes in inhibitory
processing: Evidence from psychophysiological measures.
Biological Psychology, 54, 207-239.
Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2008). Automatic and controlled
response inhibition: Associative learning in the Go/No-Go and
Stop-Signal Paradigms. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
General, 137(4), 649”“672.
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Publicado
2015-03-04
Como Citar
Lemes, P., & Rossini, J. C. (2015). Atenção e Comportamento Inibitório em Crianças de 6 a 8 Anos. Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 30(4), 385–391. Recuperado de https://periodicos.unb.br/index.php/revistaptp/article/view/18570
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