Variância média extraída e confiabilidade composta:
indicadores de precisão
Palavras-chave:
Fundamentos e Medidas em Psicologia, Variância média extraída, Confiabilidade composta, Validade, Precisão, Análise fatorial confirmatóriaResumo
A variância média extraída (VME) e a confiabilidade composta (CC) são indicadores associados à qualidade de uma medida. No entanto, é necessário compreender adequadamente a dinâmica dos cálculos da VME e da CC, bem como as suas relações com os conceitos de validade e precisão para evitar equívocos na interpretação dos seus resultados. No presente artigo, ilustramos, por meio de modelos unifatoriais simulados, como o número de itens e a homogeneidade das cargas fatoriais impactam nos valores da VME e da CC. Assim, problematizamos a utilização de pontos de cortes fixos para estes indicadores. Além disso, apresentamos argumentos endossando a VME como uma medida de precisão, e não de validade convergente.
Downloads
Referências
American Educational Research Association, American
Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in
Education. (1966). Standards for educational and psychological
testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
American Educational Research Association, American
Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in
Education. (1999). Standards for educational and psychological
testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
American Educational Research Association, American
Psychological Association, National Council on Measurement in
Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological
testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural
equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,
(1), 74”“94. doi:10.1007/BF02723327
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and
discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Psychological Bulletin, 56(2), 81”“105. doi:10.1037/h0046016
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure
of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297”“334. doi:10.1007/
BF02310555
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in
psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281”“302.
doi:10.1037/h0040957
Farrell, A. M. (2010). Insufficient discriminant validity: A comment
on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009). Journal of Business
Research, 63(3), 324-327. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.05.003
Ferguson, G. A. (1981). Statistical Analysis in Psychology and
Education. New York, NY: McGraww-Hill
Fock, H., Hui, M. K., Au, K., & Bond, M. H. (2013). Moderation
effects of power distance on the relationship between
types of empowerment and employee satisfaction.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(2), 281”“298.
doi:10.1177/0022022112443415
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equations
models with unobservable variables and measurement error.
Journal of Marketing, 18(1), 39-50. doi:10.2307/3151312
Geisenger, K. F. (1992). The metamorphosis of test validation.
Educational Psychologist, 27(2), 197-222. doi: 10.1207/
s15326985ep2702_5
Guilford, J. P. (1954). Psychometric Methods. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R.
L. (2009). Análise multivariada de dados (6th. ed.). Bookman:
Porto Alegre.
Han, K. T. (2007). WinGen: Windows software that generates
IRT parameters and item responses. Applied Psychological
Measurement, 31(5), 457-459. doi:10.1177/0146621607299271
Han, K. T., & Hambleton, R. K. (2007). User’s Manual: WinGen
(Center for Educational Assessment Report No. 642). Amherst,
MA: University of Massachusetts, School of Education.
Messick, S. (1980). Test validity and the ethics of assessment.
American Psychologist, 35(11), 1012”“1027. doi:10.1037/0003-
X.35.11.1012
Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational
Measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13-103). New York: American
Council on Education/Macmillan.
Niclasen, J., Skovgaard, A. M., Andersen, A.-M. N., Sømhovd,
M. J., & Obel, C. (2013). A confirmatory approach to
examining the factor structure of the Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire (SDQ): A large scale cohort study. Journal
of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(3), 355”“365. http://doi.
org/10.1007/s10802-012-9683-y
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory
(3rd. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Obasi, C. N., Brown, R. L., & Barrett, B. P. (2014). Item reduction
of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey
(WURSS-21) leads to the WURSS-11. Quality of Life
Research, 23(4), 1293”“1298. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-
-0561-z
Peterson, R. A., & Kim, Y. (2013). On the relationship between
coefficient alpha and composite reliability. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 98(1), 194”“198. doi:10.1037/a0030767
Primi, R. (2012). Psicometria: Fundamentos matemáticos da
Teoria Clássica dos Testes. Avaliação Psicológica, 11(2),
-307. Retirado de: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/avp/v11n2/
v11n2a15.pdf
Raykov, T. (2001). Bias of coefficient for fixed congeneric measures
with correlated errors. Applied Psychological Measurement,
(1), 69”“76. doi:10.1177/01466216010251005
Raykov, T. (2003). Scale reliability evaluation with LISREL 8.50.
Retrieved from www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/techdocs/reliabil.pdf
Rios, J., & Wells, C. (2014). Validity evidence based on
internal structure. Psicothema, 26(1), 108-116. doi:10.7334/
psicothema2013.260
Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited
usefulness of Cronbach”s alpha. Psychometrika, 74(1), 107-
doi:10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0
Sireci, S. G. (2007). On validity and test validation. Educational
Researcher, 36(8), 477-481. doi:10.3102/0013189X07311609
Thompson, B. (2002). Score reliability: Contemporary thinking
on reliability issues. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
Urbina, S. (2007). Fundamentos da testagem psicológica. Porto
Alegre: Artmed.
Wildaman, K. F. (1985). Hierarchically nested covariance structure
models for multitrait-multimethod data. Applied Psychological
Measurement, 9(1), 1-26. doi:10.1177/014662168500900101